Investigating Speech Tempo, Speaking Rate, and the Related Factors in the Iranian Elderly Women Talking with Tehrani and Semnani Accents

Background: Some variables, such as age, gender, regional and dialectical differences influence speech tempo. Men and younger individuals speak faster than women and the elderly. Therefore, these variations should be considered when assessing speaking rate. Objectives: Since different accents influence speaking rates and there is no previous study investigated speech tempo with respect to regional and accent differences in Iran, and given that the elderly are more prone to problems influencing speaking rate, the present study was done to compare speech tempo and speaking rate in two different accents, namely Tehrani and Semnani, and to investigate some related factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 200 elderly women selected via convenience sampling method. Speech tempo, speaking rate, verbal fluency, and cognition scores were compared using an independent-samples t-test. Pearson’s correlation coefficient test was used to assess correlations between speaking rate and level of education, Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), and verbal fluency scores. Results: No significant difference was found in speech tempo between the studied accents (P = 0.13). Speaking rate was significantly slower in the Tehrani accent than the Semnani one (P = 0.04). The Tehrani elderly obtained significantly less scores in verbal fluency and MoCA ((P ≤ 0.001) and (P = 0.04), respectively. In both groups, speaking rate had a significant correlation with verbal fluency and MoCA scores but not with level of education. Conclusions: Although, our results showed no difference in speech tempo between the studied accents, the Tehrani elderly unexpectedly spoke more slowly meaning that they paused more while speaking. There was a relationship between faster speaking, better verbal fluency, and cognitive performance.

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The occurrence of the delayed surgical recovery nursing diagnosis among adults and the elderly

Acta Paulista de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/1982-0194201400008 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 35-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rosimere Ferreira Santana ◽

Dayana Medeiros do Amaral ◽

Shimmenes Kamacael Pereira ◽

Tallita Mello Delphino ◽

Keila Mara Cassiano

Keyword(s):

Nursing Care ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Perioperative Nursing ◽

Nursing Diagnosis ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Surgical Recovery

OBJECTIVE: To compare the occurrence of the nursing diagnosis of delayed surgical recovery among the adult and elderly population.METHODS: This was an observational, cross-sectional study conducted with 72 patients followed after the fifth postoperative day. For data collection, a form with conceptual and operational definitions of the defining characteristics and related factors of the nursing diagnosis was used.RESULTS: The rate of the diagnosis of delayed surgical recovery was slightly higher in the elderly, which was 77.1%, compared to adults, which was 75.7%, but there was no significant difference (0.421). Different defining characteristics prevailed: "difficulty moving about" (0.045), "perception that more time is needed to recover," and "requires help to complete self-care" (0.000).CONCLUSION: To differentiate adult and elder care favors the specialization of perioperative nursing care and surgical recovery in the time desired.

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Safety climate and related factors in rehabilitation nurses of hospitals in Iran

Work ◽

10.3233/wor-203368 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Javad vatani ◽

Zahra Khanikosarkhizi ◽

Mohammad Ali Shahabi Rabori ◽

mohammad khandan ◽

Mohsen aminizadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Safety Climate ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Climate Assessment ◽

Safety Work ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Training Courses ◽

The Individual

BACKGROUND: Safety climate is a common insight of staff that indicates individuals’ attitudes toward safety and priority of safety at work. OBJECTIVES: Nursing is a risky job where paying attention to safety is crucial. The assessment of the safety climate is one of the methods to measure the safety conditions in this occupation. The aim of this study was to assess the safety climate of rehabilitation nurses working in hospitals in Tehran. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study which was carried out on 140 rehabilitation nurses selected from all hospitals and clinics in Tehran in 2019. To collect the required data, a two-section questionnaire was used. The first section was related to demographic factors and the second part (22 statements) was to measure the safety climate using nurses’ safety climate assessment questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS V16 using independent t-test, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test at the 5% level. RESULTS: Findings showed that the total mean of safety climate was 3.06±0.56. According to the results, a significant difference was found between the positive and negative satisfaction of nurses with safety climates (P-value = 0.03), communication with nurses (P-value = 0.01) and supervisors’ attitude (P-value = 0.02). Furthermore, a significant difference in safety climate between the individual with the second job and the individual without second could be observed (P-value = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that the safety climate was not at an acceptable level. Thus, it is essential to introduce safety training courses (e.g. safety, work-rest balance, and so on) and to improve the safety performance at work.

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Prevalence and risk factors for myopia among school children in Aba, Nigeria

African Vision and Eye Health ◽

10.4102/aveh.v76i1.369 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 76 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Uchenna C. Atowa ◽

Alvin J. Munsamy ◽

Samuel O. Wajuihian

Keyword(s):

School Children ◽

Refractive Error ◽

Age Groups ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Significant Difference

Aim: To study the prevalence of myopia among school children in Aba, Nigeria.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in public and private (primary and secondary) schools. A multi-stage random sampling technique was used for selecting participants aged between 8 and 15 years from 12 schools in Aba, Nigeria. Data were analysed for 1197 children who underwent a comprehensive eye examination. The children were divided according to the following criteria: age groups (group 1 [8–11 years] or group 2 [12–15 years]), gender (male or female), level of education (primary or secondary) and type of school (public or private). Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent refraction (SER) ≤ -0.50 D in the poorer eye.Results: The prevalence of myopia was estimated to be 2.7%. Of the 96 children with refractive error, 78.1% were uncorrected. In using logistic regression analysis, risk of developing myopia was associated with older age groups (odds ratio [OR]: 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.16–9.11; p < 0.010) and higher level of education (OR: 1.73; 95% CI, 1.05–2.86; p < 0.030). There was no significant difference in myopia prevalence between male and female children (p = 0.89).Conclusion: Although the prevalence of myopia and overall prevalence of refractive error in school children in Aba were low, the high prevalence of uncorrected refractive error is a significant public health problem. An effective and sustainable children’s vision screening programme is needed to prevent visual impairment and blindness.

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The Evaluation of the Awareness, Attitude and Practice of the Elderly Toward Self-Medication: A Cross-Sectional Study

Drug Research ◽

10.1055/a-0583-9896 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 68 (08) ◽

pp. 475-480

Author(s):

Mohammad Heidari ◽

Mansureh Borujeni ◽

Mansour Ghafourifard ◽

Rahim Sheikhi

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Average Score ◽

Self Medication ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Attitudes And Practices ◽

Age Related ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract Introduction The prevalence of various diseases in the elderly has increased the use of drugs, which is coupled with age-related physiological changes and places the elderly at risk for multiple side effects. The present study aimed to determine awareness, attitudes and practices of elderly towards self-medication. Materials and Methods The sample included 300 participants over 60 years under any of the health centers in urban and rural areas of Abadeh city, who were selected based on stratified random sampling method. In order to collect data, the questionnaire including demographic information, awareness, attitude and performance of the elderly and the checklist of drug intractable consumption. Results Based on the results, 76% of the elderly reported drug consumption. Regarding lifestyle, the average score of the elderly’s awareness for the elderly who lived with and without families were 78.6±14.2 and 69.2±13.6, respectively. In other words, a significant difference was observed between these two groups. In addition, there was a significant between the elderly’s performance score with and without family members about the self-medication (p=0.001). Conclusion Considering the increase in self-medication among the elderly, adherence to prescription criteria for drug among this age group is recommended. Finally, designing and implementing various educational programs in health education center is necessary for the elderly and their families for the purpose of improving awareness and practice.

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LIVING AND HEALTH CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY AMONG ELDERLY

Journal of Frailty & Aging ◽

10.14283/jfa.2015.55 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

B.F. DO NASCIMENTO JACINTO DE SOUZA ◽

L. MARÍN-LEON

Keyword(s):

Chronic Diseases ◽

Eating Behaviors ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Health Related

Background: The epidemiological and nutritional transition processes in the last decades underlie the rising trend of obesity in the elderly and is related to increased risk of chronic non-communicable diseases and decreased functional status. Objective: To analyze the association of demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle and health-related factors with overweight and obesity in elderly. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Carried out in Campinas-São Paulo, Brazil, in 2011. Participants: 452 non-institutionalized elderly (aged ≥60 years), half were users of a government-run soup kitchen and the other half were neighbors of the same sex. Results:Overweight frequency (BMI ≥25 and <30 kg/m2) was 44.5% and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) was 21.7%. In the multiple multinomial logistic regression model adjusted for sex, age group and economic class, there was greater chance of overweight among those that reported dyslipidemia; those that reported arthritis/ arthrosis/rheumatism and that once or more per week replaced supper by a snack were more likely to be obese. Elderly who did not leave home daily and reported diabetes had higher chance of overweight and obesity. Conclusions: Overweight and obesity are associated with worse living and health-related conditions, such as physical inactivity, changes in eating behaviors, and chronic diseases. Public health policies should encourage regular physical activity and healthy eating behaviors, focusing on traditional diet, through nutritional education, in order to reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity and chronic diseases.

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Patterns of sexual behaviors and related factors among prisoners in Iran: results from a national survey in 2015

International Journal of Prisoner Health ◽

10.1108/ijph-10-2018-0052 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 29-37

Author(s):

Ghobad Moradi ◽

Amjad Mohamadi-Bolbanabad ◽

Sonia Darvishi ◽

Fatemeh Azimian Zavareh ◽

Bakhtiar Piroozi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sexual Behaviors ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Unsafe Sex ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Content Type ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Multi Stage ◽

History Of

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine patterns of sexual behaviors and related factors among prisoners in Iran, 2015. Design/methodology/approach This cross-sectional study was a part of a bio-behavioral surveillance survey conducted on 6,200 prisoners in 26 prisons in Iran. The subjects were selected through multi-stage sampling. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data on participant’s demographics and history of sexual behaviors. Using STATA-12 software, the collected data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, and crude and adjusted logistic regression. Findings A total of 5,508 prisoners with a response rate of 88.8 percent participated in this study. Of all prisoners, 55 percent (n=3,027) had a history of “unsafe sex in the lifetime” of whom 53.4 percent (n=1,549) never used condoms during unsafe sex in the lifetime. Based on the results of multivariate analysis, risk factors for “unsafe sex in lifetime” were the following: higher level of education (AOR=1.79, CI: 1.41–2.28), being single (AOR=1.32, CI: 1.18–1.47), unemployed before imprisonment (AOR=1.45, CI: 1.06–1.97), having history of previous imprisonment (AOR=1.31, CI: 1.17–1.47) and history of drug use in the lifetime (AOR=1.53, CI: 1.35–1.75). Originality/value Prisoners are high-risk groups that are prone to practice unsafe sex. Prisoners who are single, unemployed before imprisonment, a drug user, with a higher level of education and with a history of imprisonment are likely to be sexually active in their lifetime. Thus, they are a priority for receiving suitable interventions.

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Malnutrition in free-living elderly in rural south India: prevalence and risk factors

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980009991674 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 1328-1332 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Aditya Vedantam ◽

Vijay Subramanian ◽

Nicholas Vijay Rao ◽

KR John

Keyword(s):

Tamil Nadu ◽

South India ◽

Nutritional Assessment ◽

Mini Nutritional Assessment ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Free Living ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of malnutrition among free-living elderly in a rural population of south India.DesignCross-sectional study. Nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) questionnaire, which is an eighteen-item nutritional screening instrument used in the elderly.SettingKaniyambadi block, a rural development block in the state of Tamil Nadu, south India.SubjectsCommunity-dwelling elderly (aged 60 years and above).ResultsAs evaluated by the MNA, 14 % of the 227 subjects were malnourished and 49 % were at risk of malnourishment. No significant difference was found between men and women. The majority of the elderly were living with their children, had no income and consumed three meals per day. Older age (P < 0·001), decreased food intake (P < 0·001) and consuming fewer meals (P < 0·001) were independently associated with lower MNA scores.ConclusionsMore than 60 % of the subjects had low MNA scores (<23·5) indicating that deficient protein–energy intake is common among rural elderly of south India and requires more attention.

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Development and Psychometric Relationship between Occupational Prestige and Social Health of Nursing Staff: A Cross-Sectional Study

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v9n3p251 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 251

Author(s):

Shahin Tohidi ◽

Maryam Shoorvasi ◽

Arezoo Shayan ◽

Hassan Ahmadinia ◽

Sedigheh Furohari

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Staff Nurses ◽

Social Health ◽

Occupational Prestige ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Study Population ◽

Convenience Sampling ◽

Promotion Strategies ◽

The Relationship

BACKGROUND: One of the features that any profession possesses is that it occupies a social status relative to other professions. The present paper contributes to the discussion on the relationship between nursing occupational prestige and social health.METHOD: This study was a cross-sectional research that was conducted in 2015. The study population consisted of 200 staff nurses working in all hospitals located in Hamedan, Iran. A convenience sampling was employed to select 200 nurses who were asked respond to the 25item Keyes’s Social Health Questionnaire and the16-item Nursing Occupational Prestige Questionnaire. Higher score reflected better social health and occupational prestige. The quantitative analysis of this study was carried out using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS).RESULTS: The results showed that the nurses’ mean score of social health and nursing occupational prestige were respectively 43.88±9.18 and occupational prestige44.83±25.14. Social health was significantly related to occupational prestige in the nurses (r=0.15, P=0.04). 66.5% of the nurses were reported to have average occupational prestige and 75.5% of them were believed to have average social health. There was a statistically significant difference in scores of the occupational prestige among the nursing post (P=0.01), job satisfaction (P<0.001) and job interest (P=0.007).CONCLUSION: Nurses’ social health deserves special attention. Effective social health promotion strategies should be considered for promoting their social health particularly in occupational prestige.

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Postural control among elderly women with and without osteoporosis: is there a difference?

Sao Paulo Medical Journal ◽

10.1590/s1516-31802010000400009 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 128 (4) ◽

pp. 219-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Thomaz Nogueira Burke ◽

Fabio Jorge Renovato França ◽

Sarah Rúbia Ferreira de Meneses ◽

Viviam Inhasz Cardoso ◽

Rosa Maria Rodrigues Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Postural Control ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Center Of Pressure ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Clinical Test ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Maximum Displacement ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

School Of Medicine

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Little is known about postural control among elderly individuals with osteoporosis and its relationship with falls. It has been suggested that elderly women with kyphosis and osteoporosis are at greater risk of falling. The aim of this study was to evaluate posture and postural control among elderly women with and without osteoporosis. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study conducted at the Physical Therapy and Electromyography Laboratory, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (USP). METHODS: Sixty-six elderly women were selected from the bone metabolism disorders clinic, Division of Rheumatology, USP, and were divided into two groups: osteoporosis and controls, according to their bone mineral density (BMD). Postural control was assessed using the Limits of Stability (LOS) test and the Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction and Balance (CTSIBm) and posture, using photometry. RESULTS: The elderly women with osteoporosis swayed at higher velocity on a stable surface with opened eyes (0.30 versus 0.20 degrees/second; P = 0.038). In both groups, the center of pressure (COP) was at 30% in the LOS, but with different placements: 156° in the osteoporosis group and 178° in the controls (P = 0.045). Osteoporosis patients fell more than controls did (1.0 versus 0.0; P = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS: The postural control in elderly women with osteoporosis differed from that of the controls, with higher sway velocity and maximum displacement of COP. Despite postural abnormalities such as hyperkyphosis and forward head, the COP position was posteriorized.

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Estado mental dos idosos em hemodiálise no serviço de nefrologia

Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line ◽

10.5205/1981-8963-v13i5a238766p1192-1201-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1192

Author(s):

Alexandre Lins Werneck ◽

Rita de Cássia Helu Mendonça Ribeiro ◽

Claudia Beranardi Cesarino ◽

Daniele Alcalá Pompeo ◽

Daniela Comelis Bertolin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental State ◽

Cognitive Aging ◽

Cognitive Deficit ◽

Treatment Time ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Clinical Aspects ◽

Status Change ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference

RESUMO Objetivo: caracterizar os aspectos sociodemográficos, econômicos e clínicos e analisar o estado mental dos idosos em hemodiálise. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, analítico, descritivo, transversal. Compôs-se a amostra por 94 pacientes idosos, com 65 anos ou mais, em tratamento no serviço de hemodiálise. Realizou-se o estudo por meio de instrumento de caracterização dos sujeitos e questionário miniexame do estado mental. Testou-se, na análise estatística, a diferença entre o número de indivíduos com e sem alteração do estado mental por meio de teste binomial, utilizado o critério de Akaike (AIC) e a regressão logística. Apresentaram-se os resultados em forma de tabelas e figuras. Resultados: ressalta-se que destes, 78% apresentaram deficit cognitivo, demonstrando diferença significativa (p<0.01). Apresentaram-se as variáveis “idade” e “origem” (urbana ou rural) relevância com a presença e a ausência de deficit cognitivo. Verificou-se que a idade apresentou aumento de 62% nas chances de deficit para cada um ano de idade do paciente. Conclusão: concluiu-se que a maioria dos idosos apresentou deficit cognitivo independente do tempo de tratamento, o que pode ser um indício de efeito momentâneo da hemodiálise nos pacientes. Descritores: Geriatria; Envelhecimento Cognitivo; Hemodiálise; Cognição; Doença Renal Crônica; Enfermagem.ABSTRACT Objective: to characterize sociodemographic, economic and clinical aspects and to analyze the mental state of the elderly on hemodialysis. Method: this is a quantitative, analytical, descriptive, cross-sectional study. The sample was composed of 94 elderly patients, aged 65 years or more, undergoing treatment at the hemodialysis service. The study was carried out by means of an instrument of characterization of the subjects and miniexame questionnaire of the mental state. In the statistical analysis, the difference between the number of individuals with and without mental status change was tested using a binomial test, using the Akaike criterion (AIC) and logistic regression. Results were presented in the form of tables and figures. Results: 78% presented cognitive deficits, showing a significant difference (p <0.01). We presented the variables "age" and "origin" (urban or rural) relevance with the presence and absence of cognitive deficit. It was verified that the age presented a 62% increase in the chances of deficit for each one year of age of the patient. Conclusion: it was concluded that the majority of the elderly presented cognitive deficit independent of treatment time, which may be an indication of momentary effect of hemodialysis in patients. Descriptors: Geriatrics; Cognitive Aging; Hemodialysis; Cognition; Chronic Kidney Disease; Nursing.RESUMEN Objetivo: caracterizar los aspectos sociodemográficos, económicos y clínicos y analizar el estado mental de los ancianos en hemodiálisis. Método: se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, analítico, descriptivo, transversal. Se compuso la muestra por 94 pacientes ancianos, con 65 años o más, en tratamiento en el servicio de hemodiálisis. Se realizó el estudio por medio de instrumento de caracterización de los sujetos y cuestionario mini examen del estado mental. En el análisis estadístico se probó la diferencia entre el número de individuos con y sin alteración del estado mental por medio de la prueba binomial, utilizado el criterio de Akaike (AIC) y la regresión logística. Se presentaron los resultados en forma de tablas y figuras. Resultados: se resalta que de éstos, 78% presentaron déficit cognitivo, demostrando diferencia significativa (p <0.01). Se presentaron las variables "edad" y "origen" (urbana o rural) relevancia con la presencia y la ausencia de déficit cognitivo. Se verificó que la edad presentó un aumento de 62% en las posibilidades de déficit por cada año de edad del paciente. Conclusión: se concluyó que la mayoría de los ancianos presentó déficit cognitivo independiente del tiempo de tratamiento, lo que puede ser un indicio de efecto momentáneo de la hemodiálisis en los pacientes. Descriptores: Geriatría; Envejecimiento Cognitivo; Diálisis Renal; Cognición; Insuficiência Renal Crônica; Enfermería.

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