Buy Bribes or Bye-Bye Bribes: The Future Status of Bribery in International Commerce

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Weber ◽  
Kathleen Getz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
International Business ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
International Commerce ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Ethical Justification ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Future Status

Abstract:Bribery in international business has become a priority concern among business, government, and community leaders. While discussions among philosophers often emphasize the ethical justification for banning bribery, policy-makers around the world are challenging it on the basis of its effects for economic development. In this paper we define bribery, trace recent efforts by the public, private, and civil society sectors to curb it, and attempt to answer the question: Will bribery become less common?

Private Agricultural R&D: Do the Poor Benefit?

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jock R. Anderson ◽  
Regina Birner ◽  
Latha Najarajan ◽  
Anwar Naseem ◽  
Carl E. Pray
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
Agricultural Research And Development ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Private agricultural research and development can foster the growth of agricultural productivity in the diverse farming systems of the developing world comparable to the public sector. We examine the extent to which technologies developed by private entities reach smallholder and resource-poor farmers, and the impact they have on poverty reduction. We critically review cases of successfully deployed improved agricultural technologies delivered by the private sector in both large and small developing countries for instructive lessons for policy makers around the world.

Path of the Operation and Promotion of Market-Based Chinese Martial Arts

2014 ◽  
Vol 971-973 ◽  
pp. 2350-2353
Author(s):  
Ai Yun Sun ◽  
Xi Yang Ding
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Consumption Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Elite Sports

martial arts through the promotion of conditions , difficulties and countermeasures analysis of the system, that China should be based on public health and martial arts fighting two clues to promote athletics , martial arts part of the refining and development of the " elite sports " and select wide popularity part , to promote the realization of the true sense of the public , in order to improve business operations and direction of development to promote social and economic development and to meet the needs of people in sports consumption level . In other words, watching athletics , martial arts fitness and economic integration of the three organic constituted martial arts through the promotion of the premise, but also the power of martial arts to the world .

Women and participatory constitutionalism

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-259
Author(s):  
Ruth Rubio-Marín
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Structural Dimension ◽  
The Public ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
The World ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Constitution Making

Abstract This article underscores the foundational exclusion of women from constitution-making as an expression of the ideology of separate and gendered spheres dominant at the birth of written constitutionalism. It traces the incorporation of women into constitution-making within a broader gender equality participatory turn taking place, since the late 1980s and especially 1990s, coinciding in time with the rise of popular constitutionalism more broadly speaking. By looking at a variety of examples drawn from multiple jurisdictions across the world, it explores the forms of participation of women in constitution-making both through their gradual (though yet insufficient) incorporation into official constitution-making bodies and institutions and, more importantly, through civil society mobilization. It claims that without taking into account the structural dimension of women’s traditional exclusion from the public sphere and constitution-making it is not possible to have an adequate comprehension of the strategies, challenges, meaning, and impact of women joining constitution-making, all of which I briefly describe.

The Epistemic Problem of the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Necessary Information Policy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Ikbal Maulana
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Information Policy ◽  
Civil Society Organization ◽  
Sufficient Data ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Familiar World ◽  
The Government

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted personal, social, and economic lives of millions of people around the world. It has taken the familiar world away from everyone. The pandemic is in large part an epistemic problem caused by the invisible contagious virus. Its invisibility can make people ignorant of the threat and spread of the virus. Government and public need scientists to identify and understand the problem of COVID-19. While the latter do not have complete knowledge to cure the disease, they are more knowledgeable to inform the government how to prevent the pandemic from getting worse. Appropriate government intervention requires a thorough investigation involving frequent and massive data collection, which is too expensive for developing countries. Without sufficient data, any government claim and intervention are questionable. The government can compensate the insufficiency of data by acquiring data and information from other sources, such as civil society organization and the public.

Relocating Civil Society: Theories and Practices of Civil Society between Late Medieval and Modern Society

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten F. Van Dijck ◽  
Bert De Munck ◽  
Nicholas Terpstra
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Voluntary Associations ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Associational Life ◽  
The Public ◽  
Civic Virtues ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The Church

Civil society is widely considered as a crucial element in contemporary society. Academics and policy makers have traditionally associated it with voluntary associations and organizations, assuming that associational life is an ideal intermediary between citizens and government. While members of associations form large social networks, which they can mobilize at critical moments, the conviviality of group sociability fosters the development of a set of common values, such as a democratic political culture and other civic virtues. Its origins are generally situated in the eighteenth century, and are mostly attributed to secularization, Enlightenment thinking, the birth of the “public sphere,” and growing emancipation from oppressive structures such as the church and the state.

scholarly journals Peran NGO dalam Dinamika Isu Perubahan Iklim di Afrika

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Stevie Leonard Harison
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
International System ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Change Dynamics ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Social Sectors

Climate change has become one of the most challenging issues for the international system in this 21st century because its negative impact has been founded in every regions in the world. One of those is Africa with its far-lagged behind and poorer performance in political, economic, and social sectors than any other parts of the world. This article tries to analyze the ongoing process of the creation of good governance in Africa's climate change dynamics. In Africa, the progress of civil society activism is predicted to be more important factor than the policy outcome from its government in making good governance. In this context, the rise of civil society should be better understood as being an equal partner than a competitor to the policy-makers to have more intensive cooperation and collaboration to solve the urgent climate problems in Africa at present.

scholarly journals “AMR Dialogues”: a public engagement initiative to shape policies and solutions on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Tassawan Poomchaichote ◽  
Anne Osterrieder ◽  
Ravikanya Prapharsavat ◽  
Bhensri Naemiratch ◽  
Supanat Ruangkajorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Public Engagement ◽  
Ethics Committee ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
National Strategic Plan ◽  
The World ◽  
Feasible Solutions ◽  
Context Specific

Background: The use of antimicrobials in Thailand has been reported as one of the highest in the world in both the human and animal sectors. The objectives of this project are: (1) to improve understanding of the issue of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among adult Thai communities and (2) to drive change through the national AMR policy to include context-specific and locally-driven solutions. Methods: The project contains two components conducted in parallel: the “AMR Dialogues” public engagement project and the embedded evaluation of the project. We will bring together AMR stakeholders and members of the public through a series of conversation events to co-create an AMR stakeholder map, engagement strategy, and context-specific solutions to reduce the burden of AMR. There will be a combination of regional in-person events (‘regional conversations’) and national online events (‘national conversations’) with members of the public. The conversations will follow this sequence: introduce and explore issues related to AMR, brainstorm solutions and finally propose promising/feasible solutions to take forward. Evaluation of the project will be conducted to assess if the AMR Dialogues objectives have been achieved using feedback forms and qualitative methods. Ethics: Approval of the evaluation component of the project has been obtained from the ethics committee of the Thailand Institute for the Development of Human Subject Protection (IHRP2021059) and the Oxford University Tropical Research Ethics Committee (OxTREC 529-21). Dissemination: The results of these conversation events will inform the next Thailand National Strategic Plan on AMR. The learning and outcomes will be disseminated to AMR policy makers, academic audiences, and participants of all the conversation events. Thaiclinicaltrials.org registration: TCTR20210528003 (28/05/2021)

The International Cooperation of Businesses in order to Improve Local Public Services

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-887
Author(s):  
Leyla Angélica Sandoval Hamón ◽  
Fernando Casani
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
International Business ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Local Public Services ◽  
The World ◽  
New Models

Changes in local government policies about the management of public services has been the focus of many investigations all around the world. However, what has not been studies is how some of the new models have relied upon international business alliances in order to improve the public services provided. A qualitative analysis, based on case studies of alliances between Colombian and Spanish companies, have been performed to help address this question. The results indicate that the changes in local policies have not only improved the public services but, with the agreements signed, a strong and agile partnership has been achieved.

“You Talk Of Terrible Things So Matter-of-Factly in This Language of Science”: Constructing Human Rights in the Academy

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charli Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Skill Sets ◽  
The Public ◽  
Language Of Science ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The World ◽  
Practical Politics ◽  
The Media

How does the everyday politics behind scientific inquiry impact what we come to know about the world? Here I consider this question in the context of my own fieldwork on the human rights response to children born of war in Bosnia-Herzegovina. First, I reflect on how the academy functions to direct researchers' attention and skill sets to certain types of human rights problems in certain ways, inevitably affecting what we can know about our subject matter. Second, I consider the practical politics by which human rights scholars interface with policy-makers, the media, and the public, and the extent to which members of the human rights scholarly community constitute nodes in the wider networks we are studying.

Higher Education and the Public, Private and Non-Profit Sectors

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron W. Hughey
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
Business Leaders ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Education ◽  
Collaborative Partnerships ◽  
Local Economies ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World

Institutions of higher education throughout the world are increasingly aware of the importance of working more systematically and productively with community and business leaders in order to create better local economies and, ultimately better societies. This article presents an overview of how colleges and universities can assist with the identification and implementation of specific strategies for enhancing the economic development of the regions in which they are located. Also included is a discussion of the emerging advantages associated with developing these kinds of collaborative partnerships, as well as a brief overview of the major approaches to regional economic development.

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