From fish and seal to sheep and cattle: new research into the process of neolithisation in northern Germany

Author(s):  
Sönke Hartz ◽  
Harald Lübke ◽  
Thomas Terberger

The border between the Mesolithic and the Neolithic in Central Europe is traditionally defined on the basis of subsistence strategy. It is the development from hunter-gatherer groups in the forests of the early Holocene to the first farmers. The debate on the character of this process has been going on for over 100 years. This chapter presents results of new research on this subject, with an emphasis on northern Germany.

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Diedrich

The Fürstenau Formation (Lutetian, Paleogene, Eocene) is based on type sections near Fürstenau in Germany (central Europe) and is built of 22 meter thick marine glauconitic and strongly bioturbated sands, clays, and a vertebrate-rich conglomerate bed. The conglomerate layer from the Early Lutetian transgression reworked Lower Cretaceous, and Paleogene marine sediments. It is dominated by pebbles from the locally mountains which must have been transported by an ancient river in a delta fan. Marine reworked Lower Cretaceous and Paleogen pebbles/fossils, were derived from the underlying deposits of northern Germany (= southern pre North Sea basin). The benthic macrofauna is cold upwelling water influenced and non-tropical, and medium divers. The vertebrate fish fauna is extremely rich in shark teeth, with about 5,000 teeth per cubic meter of gravel. The most dominant forms are teeth from sand shark ancestors Striatolamia macrota, followed by white shark ancestors Carcharodon auriculatus. Even teeth from the magatooth shark ancestor Carcharocles sokolovi are present in a moderately diverse and condensed Paleogene fish fauna that also includes rays, chimaeras, and more then 80 different bony fish. Fragmentary turtle remains are present, and few terrestrial vertebrates and even marine mammals with phocids, sirenians and possibly whales.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhavamani Ramachandran ◽  
Radovan Pipík ◽  
Timea Chamutiová ◽  
Lucia Žatková ◽  
Marina Vidhya ◽  
...  

<p>The Tatra moraine relief and cosmogenic nuclide dating show glacier stabilizationand the maximum glacier extent in two phases,at26 – 21 ka and at 18 ka followed by a gradual retreat and  a termination of the glaciation during the Bølling/Allerød warming at 14.64 –12.9 ka (Makos etal., 2014). A renewed glaciation within the Younger Dryas (12.9 – 11.5 ka) formed smaller rock glaciers. This retreat was connected with the formation of the morainic, trough and cirque lakes and the beginning of light-grey silt sedimentation dated from 10ka to 16ka cal BP on the northern slopes of the Tatra Mountains and before 10ka cal BP on its southern slopes (Klapyta et al., 2016).</p><p>A new paleolimnic research led to a discovery of a cyclic fine laminated deposit in the four Tatra Mts. lakes. The laminae of thickness from 1 to 3 mm are built of couplets of light-coloured coarse detrital and fine dark-coloured laminae. Thicker light coloured laminae occasionally show a gradation ending in dark-coloured laminae. Laminae consist occasionally of low spherical angular grains of sand and gravel fractions, rarely up to size 10 mm which deformed underlying laminae. Light-coloured laminae are predominantly composed of quartz, followed by K-feldspar, plagioclase, mica, and clay-like particles. Dark-coloured laminae consist of clay-size clastic particles. These laminae were formed in cold, oxygen-rich, ultra-oligotrophic, slightly acid conditions in which the chironomids Pseudodiamesa nivosa and Micropsectra radialis-type dominated. We interpret these lamination as varves related to annual glacial melting. Once the valleys were ice-free, varve production stopped and a short deposition period of homogenous silt was replaced by gyttja. The radiometric C<sup>14</sup> age dating shows the deglaciation in the Tatra Mts terminated at the beginning of the Early Holocene, around 10ka cal BP – 9ka cal BP.</p><p> </p><p>The research was funded by APVV-15-0292 and the project Centre of Excellence for Integrated Research of the Earth's Geosphere, ITMS 26220120064.</p><p> </p><p>Klapyta P., Zasadni J., Pociask-Karteczka J., Gajda A., Franczak P., 2016. Late Glacial and Holocene Paleoenvironmental records in the Tatra Mountains, East-Central Europe, based on lake, peat bog and colluvial sedimentary data: A summary review. Quaternary International 415: 126-144.</p><p> </p><p>Makos M., Dzierzek J., Nitychoruk J., Zreda M., 2014. Timing of glacier advances and climate in the Tatra Mountains (Western Carpathians) during the Last Glacial Maximum. Quaternary Research 82: 1-13.</p>


Malacologia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1 & 2) ◽  
pp. 339-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Horsák ◽  
Veronika Schenková ◽  
Barna Páll-Gergely

Starinar ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 51-84
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Kapuran ◽  
Mario Gavranovic ◽  
Mathias Mehofer

In archaeological literature, the site of Trnjane, near Bor in eastern Serbia is known as an urn necropolis, with 43 discovered urn graves. The excavations in Trnjane took place between 1985 and 1987-1989, and continued in 1998. The investigations also included an excavation of a nearby settlement, but the results of this research were never published. In most of the previous studies, Trnjane was assigned to the Middle and Late Bronze Age, while the necropolis was often connected with the spread of the Urnfield Phenomena from Central Europe toward the Balkans. New investigations started in 2017 as cooperation between the Archaeological Institute in Belgrade and the Institute for Oriental and European Archaeology (OREA) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences shed new light on the chronology and cultural assignment of Trnjane and other similar surrounding sites in the region of eastern Serbia. The excavation of the settlement area in 2017 and 2018 yielded numerous finds indicating metallurgical activities connected with copper ore smelting (slag and ores), while pottery finds showed a typological resemblance with an Early and Middle Bronze Age repertoire. The radiocarbon dates from the settlement area and from urn graves of the neighbouring necropolis also point to a much earlier time than previously assumed. The new chronological determination of Trnjane raises a set of new questions, especially regarding the cultural connections between central Europe and the Balkans and transfers of copper ore smelting technology in the Bronze Age.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1473-1491
Author(s):  
Alžběta Čerevková

Abstract The main goal of this article is to present an overview of current knowledge about the subsistence strategy of Linear Pottery culture (LBK) in Moravia, Czech Republic. The main aspect of the subsistence strategy mentioned here will be the issue of dietary. Early Neolithic sites that in some way contributed to the knowledge about the dietary character (both meat and plant food) will be presented here. On this occasion, a case study of the Žádovice site, which belongs to the most recently analyzed settlements, will be presented. In addition, the methods used in the subsistence strategy of LBK in Moravia will be mentioned. The existing knowledge will be included in a broader settlement context and will be compared with each other. For the time being, it seems that in terms of the species spectrum of farmed animals, the area of Moravia does not differ from the situation known from Central Europe. Certain geographical differences are possible in Moravia, but this hypothesis must be verified in the future, depending on the expansion of the database. The study thus represents a springboard for further research in this area.


2017 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 187-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Kołaczek ◽  
Mariusz Gałka ◽  
Karina Apolinarska ◽  
Piotr Gębica ◽  
Sławomir Superson ◽  
...  

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 767-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Chytrý ◽  
Jiří Danihelka ◽  
Michal Horsák ◽  
Martin Kočí ◽  
Svatava Kubešová ◽  
...  

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Horsák ◽  
Milan Chytrý ◽  
Jiří Danihelka ◽  
Martin Kočí ◽  
Svatava Kubešová ◽  
...  

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