scholarly journals INVESTIGATE THE CARBON FOOTPRINTS OF THREE INTERMEDIATE FLOORING SYSTEMS: CROSS-LAMINATED TIMBER, SOLID CONCRETE, AND HOLLOW-CORE PRECAST CONCRETE

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jenan Abu qadourah ◽  
Ala’a Al-Falahat ◽  
Saad Alrwashdeh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Hollow Core ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Cross Laminated Timber ◽  
Detached House ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Floor System

This paper evaluates and compares the embodied energy and embodied carbon using a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach for three different intermediate floor structures, all of which use prefabricated materials—cross-laminated timber (CLT), precast hollow-core concrete, and solid concrete—to decide which floor construction materials have less environmental impact for use in the construction of a semi-detached house in the UK. The Inventory of Carbon & Energy (ICE) and the Carbon Calculator tool were used to calculate the carbon footprint from “cradle to grave” to determine whether the use of a CLT solution provides improved environmental performance over the traditional concrete solutions. The carbon footprint results indicate that the use of a hollow-core precast concrete floor system emits less carbon than the other two systems, although the concrete requires more fossil fuel input than the timber during the manufacturing process, so based on this, the footprint from cradle to gate for the timber was expected to be the less than that of the concrete. However, the results show the opposite; this is because of the differences in the material quantities needed in each system.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PRECAST CONCRETE FLOOR SLAB WITH CAST IN SITU AND STRUCTURE STABILITY OF GKB UPN "VETERAN" EAST JAVA

CI-TECH ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
CI-TECH UPNJATIM ◽  
Alma Christine Puspasari Rumaseb ◽  
Made Dharma Astawa ◽  
Sumaidi
Keyword(s):  
Bending Strength ◽  
Damage Control ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Pushover Analysis ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Structure Stability ◽  
Hollow Core ◽  
Steel Deck

Gedung Kuliah Bersama was modified into ten floors, constructed using precast pretension slabs, namely hollow core slabs on the second to five floors and cast in situ slabs, namely steel deck on floors six to ten. Gedung Kuliah Bersama is located at the UPN “Veteran” East Java in the city of Surabaya. Geologically and tectonically, Surabaya City is in an active fault zone, so that the tectonic activity that occurs can cause damage to building structures and construction materials. Pushover analysis is an analysis that can be used to determine the pattern of structural collapse when an earthquake occurs. Based on the results of the analysis, precast pretension slabs (hollow core slabs) with segments of 1500 mm × 7000 mm × 150 mm with PC Wire reinforcement ϕ7-121 mm and cast in situ (steel deck) slabs with a thickness of 120 mm with wiremesh reinforcement M8-150 mm. The difference in the bending strength of the two types of slabs is 38.73%. The results of the pushover analysis show that the structural performance at the Damage Control (DO) level shows that the building is able to withstand the earthquake that occurs and the risk of casualties is very small.

scholarly journals Design for Deconstruction: Futuristic Sustainable Solution for Structural Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Ali Al-Ghalib
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Steel Buildings ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Embodied Carbon ◽  
Floor Systems ◽  
Floor System

The aim of this research is to investigate the sustainability of design for deconstruction on saving: natural raw materials, embodied energy and carbon emission of steel buildings. A methodology is devised to account for designed for upcoming reclaim at the early planning phase. The procedure is relied on PAS2050 method. A steel structure building of two bays of size (6m x 8m) and of 4m height is devoted as a case study to assess the methodology. In this case study, three different floor systems are suggested: composite steel deck, hollow core precast concrete planks, and demountable precast composite floor system. The reduced quantity of embodied carbon energy is estimated through considering the steel building. The calculation of embodied carbon of the three models is relied on records of the Inventory of Carbon and Energy (ICE). The results show that CO2 emissions from the building can be dropped around 50%, when design for deconstruction strategy is considered. Design standards and codes lack a little procedure to follow. Therefore, this study also outlines some helpful specifications, guidelines, and detailing of design for deconstruction of steel buildings.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF LIME BASED, LOAD-BEARING MATERIALS FOR WALL CONSTRUCTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fin O'Flaherty ◽  
Faraj Khalaf ◽  
Vincenzo Starinieri
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Energy Criterion ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Hemp Fiber ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Hemp Fibers ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
The Uk

Construction of buildings in the UK is traditionally done using building materials such as concrete blocks, bricks and less so, timber. Although timber is a sustainable product, concrete blocks and bricks require a lot of energy input during fabrication, concrete especially being a large producer of CO2 during its manufacture. Reducing energy consumption either domestically or industrially is an important part of achieving the UK Government’s legally binding commitment to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by at least 80% (relative to 1990 levels) by 2050. New, low embodied energy construction materials are urgently required to enable the construction industry to revolutionize and drastically decrease its carbon footprint. The constituents of the materials investigated were selected based on low embodied energy criterion. To achieve this, lime was selected as the base material with hemp (fibers and shives) and PVAc used as additives. Specially selected nanomaterials were used as fillers. The constituents were combined in a manner, which led to different materials being developed, all exhibiting different characteristics. One characteristic was strength (load bearing) to eliminate the use of timber studding during construction. The results show that the highest strengths were achieved by mixing 10 wt. % hemp fiber, 4 wt. % nanozinc oxide and 12 wt. % PVAc at a 0.4 W/L ratio, yielding 17.7 MPa in compression and 7.3 MPa in flexure.

scholarly journals Assessment of Embodied Energy and Environmental Impact of Sustainable Building Materials and Technologies for Residential Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mahboob ◽  
Muzaffar Ali ◽  
Tanzeel ur Rashid ◽  
Rabia Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Conservation Of Energy ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Residential Sector ◽  
Wall Structures

The energy demand of developing countries increases every year. Large amounts of energy are consumed during the production and transportation of construction materials. Conservation of energy became important in the perspective of limiting carbon emissions into the environment and for decreasing the cost of materials. This article is concentrated on some issues affecting the embodied energy of construction materials mainly in the residential sector. Energy consumption in three various wall structures has been made. The comparison demonstrated that the embodied energy of traditional wall structures is 3-times higher than the energy efficient building materials. CO2 emissions produced by conventional materials and green building materials are 54.96 Kg CO2/m2 and 35.33 Kg CO2/m2, respectively. Finally, the results revealed substantial difference in embodied energy and carbon footprints of materials for which its production involves a high amount of energy consumption.

Agriculture—Things That Are Grown

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Rez
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Energy Inputs

Timber has the lowest embodied energy of any of the construction materials. Paper production from trees requires much more energy. There is some energy saving in recycling, as recycled paper substitutes for pulp derived from wood chips. Growing crops for food also requires energy. The energy required for plants to grow comes from the sun, but there are additional energy inputs from fertiliser and farm machinery to speed up the growth process and vastly improve crop yields. If grains are used as animal feed, then the energy inputs are much larger than the dietary energy output—the larger the animal and the longer it is fattened up before slaughter, the more inefficient the process. The use of crops to make fuel for electrical power generation or for processing into liquid fuels is horribly inefficient. The problem is simple—the plants do not grow fast enough!

Carbon footprint of southern hemisphere fruit exported to Europe: The case of Chilean apple to the UK

2021 ◽  
Vol 293 ◽  
pp. 126118
Author(s):  
Alfredo Iriarte ◽  
Pablo Yáñez ◽  
Pablo Villalobos ◽  
Carlos Huenchuleo ◽  
Ricardo Rebolledo-Leiva
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
The Uk

EXPRESS: Sustainable by Design: Choice Architecture and the Carbon Footprint of Grocery Shopping

2021 ◽  
pp. 074391562110088
Author(s):  
Luca Panzone ◽  
Alistair Ulph ◽  
Denis Hilton ◽  
Ilse Gortemaker ◽  
Ibrahim Tajudeen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Grocery Shopping ◽  
Choice Architecture ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Policy Objective ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Design Choice ◽  
Goal Priming

The increase in global temperatures requires substantial reductions in the greenhouse emissions from consumer choices. We use an experimental incentive-compatible online supermarket to analyse the effect of a carbon-based choice architecture, which presents commodities to customers in high, medium and low carbon footprint groups, in reducing the carbon footprints of grocery baskets. We relate this choice architecture to two other policy interventions: a bonus-malus carbon tax on all grocery products; and moral goal priming, using an online banner noting the moral importance of reducing one’s carbon footprint. Participants shopped from their home in an online store containing 612 existing food products and 39 existing non-food products for which we had data on carbon footprint, over three successive weeks, with the interventions occurring in the second and third weeks. Choice architecture reduced carbon footprint significantly in the third week by reducing the proportion of choices made in the high-carbon aisle. The carbon tax reduced carbon footprint in both weeks, primarily by reducing overall spend. The goal priming banner led to a small reduction in carbon footprint in the second week only. Thus, the design of the marketplace plays an important role in achieving the policy objective of reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Performance of the hollow-core cross-laminated timber (HC-CLT) floor under human-induced vibration

Structures ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 1481-1491
Author(s):  
Haoyu Huang ◽  
Xiaoqi Lin ◽  
Junhui Zhang ◽  
Zhendong Wu ◽  
Chang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hollow Core ◽  
Cross Laminated Timber

scholarly journals Translating a Global Emission-Reduction Framework for Subnational Climate Action: A Case Study from the State of Georgia

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-227
Author(s):  
Marilyn A. Brown ◽  
Blair Beasley ◽  
Fikret Atalay ◽  
Kim M. Cobb ◽  
Puneet Dwiveldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Global Solutions ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
Global Emission ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Reduction ◽  
Climate Action

AbstractSubnational entities are recognizing the need to systematically examine options for reducing their carbon footprints. However, few robust and comprehensive analyses are available that lay out how US states and regions can most effectively contribute. This paper describes an approach developed for Georgia—a state in the southeastern United States called “Drawdown Georgia”, our research involves (1) understanding Georgia’s baseline carbon footprint and trends, (2) identifying the universe of Georgia-specific carbon-reduction solutions that could be impactful by 2030, (3) estimating the greenhouse gas reduction potential of these high-impact 2030 solutions for Georgia, and (4) estimating associated costs and benefits while also considering how the solutions might impact societal priorities, such as economic development opportunities, public health, environmental benefits, and equity. We began by examining the global solutions identified by Project Drawdown. The resulting 20 high-impact 2030 solutions provide a strategy for reducing Georgia’s carbon footprint in the next decade using market-ready technologies and practices and including negative emission solutions. This paper describes our systematic and replicable process and ends with a discussion of its strengths, weaknesses, and planned future research.

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