scholarly journals Women in anesthesiology: Gender stereotypes and prejudice: Women in anesthesiology

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Marija Rajković ◽  
Sanja Ratković ◽  
Jovana Stanisavljević ◽  
Adi Hadžibegović ◽  
Marija Stević ◽  
...  

Introduction: Women make up an increasing portion of the physician workforce in anesthesia, but they are consistently under-represented in academic anesthesiology and leadership positions. The objective of this study is to provide a current update on the role of women in anesthesiology in Belgrade, Serbia. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted during September and October 2013 amongst anesthesiologists at ten tertiary health care institutions in Belgrade. The study population was 272 anesthesiologists. Participants' consent and ethical approval were obtained. The questionnaire captured basic sociodemographic and work-related characteristic information: age, sex, level of academic and professional postgraduate education, the managerial position of the section or department. Sociodemographic characteristics were tested in relation to sex by Pearson's chi-squared test. Results: The response rate was 76.2%. Over two-thirds (70.7%) of respondents were women. One-third of female participants (34.5%) and 23.3% of male participants had obtained additional academic achievements; 35.2% of female participants and 40.0 % of male participants had been in managerial positions. Statistically significant gender discrepancies in the additional academic education and upper-rank leadership positions were not detected. Conclusion: Female anesthesiologists in Serbia have achieved parity with men in the highest academic ranks and leadership positions. These women may play an important role in mentoring future generations of female physicians and inspiring them to achieve their professional goals.

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Mutinke Zulu ◽  
Margaret C Maimbolwa ◽  
Brenda Sianchapa ◽  
Concepta Kwaleyela ◽  
Emmanuel Musenge

Background/Aims Quality midwifery education is important in empowering student midwives with the confidence, knowledge, skills and attitudes relevant to the provision of quality postnatal care. The study aimed to assess confidence in providing postnatal care among midwifery students upon completion of training at selected midwifery schools in Zambia. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in November 2016 at 5 of the 13 midwifery schools in Zambia. The sample comprised 194 finalist midwifery students who were purposively selected. Ethical approval was sort from the University of Zambia Research and Ethics Committee and participants signed informed consent forms. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20, and the chi-squared test was used to analyse the significance of the relationship between variables, with significance set at 0.05. Results Almost all (97%) student midwives were confident in their ability to provide postnatal care independently. Most stated that they had enough time to practice in the skills laboratory (63%) and were confident when they practiced on mothers and their babies for the first time (62%). The majority (82.5%) were satisfied with the supervision they received from their mentors. Confidence to provide postnatal care independently was significantly associated with the confidence to practice for the first time on mothers and their newborns (P=0.007) and with satisfaction with clinical supervision (P=0.004). Conclusions Student midwives were confident in their ability to provide postnatal care. Time spent practicing in the skills laboratory and the amount of clinical supervision were two factors that enhanced students' confidence. Midwifery schools must emphasise clinical practice and supervision in order to produce confident midwives.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Ishimaru ◽  
Masako Nagata ◽  
Ayako Hino ◽  
Satoshi Yamashita ◽  
Seiichiro Tateishi ◽  
...  

AbstractObjectivesLittle is known about workplace measures against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Japan after the first state of emergency period, especially in micro-, small-, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs). This study aimed to provide an overview of the current situation of anti-COVID-19 measures in Japanese enterprises, considering company size.MethodsThis study was an Internet-based nationwide cross-sectional study. Data were collected using an online self-administered questionnaire in December 2020 during the third wave of COVID-19. The chi-squared test for trend was performed to calculate the p-value for trend for each workplace measure across company sizes.ResultsFor the 27,036 participants, across company sizes, the most prevalent workplace measure was encouraging mask wearing at work, followed by requesting that employees refrain from going to work when ill and restricting work-related social gatherings and entertainment. These measures were implemented by approximately 90% of large-scale enterprises and by more than 40% of micro- and small-scale enterprises. In contrast, encouraging remote working and restricting eating and drinking at personal workspaces were implemented by less than half of large-scale enterprises and by around 15% of micro- and small-scale enterprises. There were statistically significant differences in all workplace measures by company size (all p-values < .001).ConclusionsWe found that various responses to COVID-19 had been taken in workplaces. However, some measures, including remote working, were still not well implemented, especially in smaller enterprises. The findings suggest that occupational health support for MSMEs is urgently needed to mitigate the current wave of COVID-19.


2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrício Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Maria Fernanda Santos Figueiredo Brito ◽  
Lucinéia de Pinho ◽  
Franciele Ornelas Cunha ◽  
João Felício Rodrigues Neto ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the prevalence of common mental disorders and associated factors in nursing technicians. Method: Cross-sectional analytical study conducted at a university hospital. A questionnaire with sociodemographic, educational and work-related variables and the Self Reporting Questionnaire-20 were used to verify the presence of common mental disorders. Association analysis was performed using the chi-squared test, with a significance level of 5%. Results: 280 nursing technicians participated in the study. The prevalence of common mental disorders was 46.9%. The variables family income (p=0.021) and working exclusively in health area (p<0.001) were associated with the outcome. There was a higher prevalence of CMD among individuals with a family income below four minimum wages (PR=1.41) and among professionals who worked exclusively in the health area (PR=1.95). Conclusion: Approximately half of the nursing technicians of the university hospital presented common mental disorders, which were associated with economic and work-related variables.


2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Holmberg ◽  
Anders Thelin ◽  
Eva-Lena Stiernström

Summary: The concept of “sense of coherence” (SOC) has been widely recognized since it was first introduced by Antonovsky. The originality and usefulness of the SOC scale and its relation to other psychosocial measures has been the subject of lively debate. The aim of this paper was to test for associations between SOC and work-related psychosocial factors (mainly the Job Demand-Control model), general living conditions, education, and social network factors. Cross-sectional data from a population-based sample of 1782 rural males from nine counties in Sweden were analyzed with a multiple regression technique. The subjects were occupationally active at inclusion and the mean age was 50 years (range 40-60). SOC was assessed with the original 29-item questionnaire. Psychosocial variables and lifestyle factors were assessed using questionnaires and structured interviews. The mean SOC among the subjects was 152.3 (standard deviation, 19.4). A strong negative correlation was found between SOC and job demand, whereas a positive correlation with job control was demonstrated. A positive correlation with general living conditions and with social support was also found. However, there was no correlation to education and occupation. Thus, SOC was shown to be strongly correlated to work-related psychosocial factors and social support, but independent of sociodemographic factors.


1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lia Mulyati ◽  
Dedy Rachman ◽  
Yana Herdiana

Budaya keselamatan merupakan kunci untuk mendukung tercapainya peningkatan keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja dalam organisasi. Upaya membangun budaya keselamatan merupakan langkah pertama dalam mencapai keselamatan pasien. Terdapat beberapa faktor yang berkontribusi dalam perkembangan budaya keselamatan yaitu; sikap baik individu maupun organisasi, kepemimpinan, kerja tim, komunikasi dan beban kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui faktor determinan yang berhubungan dengan terciptanya budaya keselamatan pasien di RS Pemerintah Kabupaten Kuningan. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan incidental sampling 88 orang perawat pelaksana. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan survey analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional, uji hipotesis digunakan Chi Square dan regresi logistik ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara persepsi terhadap manajemen (p 0.0005, odd rasio 21.3), dukungan tim kerja (p 0.0005, odd rasio 13.34), stress kerja (p 0.006, odd rasio 3.94), kepuasan kerja (nilai p 0. 002) dengan budaya keselamatan pasien. Tidak terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan kondisi kerja dengan budaya keselamatan pasien dengan nilai p 0.507. Berdasarkan analisis multuvariat diperoleh persepsi terhadap manajemen menjadi factor determinan dengan nilai p 0.000 < α 0.05. Simpulan; unsur pimpinan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan dalam menciptakan budaya keselamatan pasien. Pimpinan memiliki kewenangan dalam menerapkan system yang berlaku dalam organisasi, oleh karena itu gaya kepemimpinan, teknik komunikasi serta kemampuan manajerial merupakan suatu hal yang sangat perlu diperhatikan dalam menciptakan atmosfer kerja yang kondusif sebagai upaya terciptanya budaya keselamatan pasien. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa model kepemimpinan transformasional merupakan model yang sesuai diterapkan untuk meningkatkan budaya keselamatan pasien, pelatihan keterampilan komunikasi efektif serta pengembangan model pendidikan antar profesi sebagai upaya peningkatan kemampuan kolaborasi.Kata kunci:Budaya keselamatan pasien, stress kerja, kepuasan kerja.Determinant factors that are Influencing Patient Safety Culture in a Government-owned Hospitals in Kuningan Regency AbstractSafety culture is a key to support the achievement of occupational health and safety in an organization. An effort to build safety culture is the first step in ensuring patient safety. There are some factors that contribute in the development of safety culture, namely, individual and organizational attitude, leadership, team work, communication, and work load. This study aimed to identify the determinant factors that are related to achievement of patient safety culture in a government-owned hospital in Kuningan Regency. Eighty eight samples of nurses were recruited using incidental sampling technique. The research design was using cross sectional study, the hypothesis testing were using Chi Square and multiple logistic regression. The results showed that there were significant influenced between perception towards management (p= 0.0005, odd rasio 21.3), team work support (p= 0.0005, odd rasio 13.34), work-related stress (p= 0.006, odd rasio 3.94), work satisfaction (p= 0. 002) with patient safety culture. There was not significant influenced between work condition and patient safety (p= 0.507). The multivariate analysis showed that perception towards management was the determinant factor for patient safety culture (p 0.000 < α 0.05). In conclusion, leaders have significant influence in creating patient safety culture. Leaders have authority to implement systems in the organization. Therefore, leadership style, communication technique, and managerial ability are important in order to create a conducive atmosphere for developing patient safety culture. As recommendation, transformational leadership is a model that is appropriate to be applied in order to increase patient safety culture, trainings of effective communication and inter-professional education model are also needed to increase the collaboration skills among health professionals.Keywords:Patient safety culture, work-related stress, work satisfaction.


Author(s):  
José Vítor Gonçalves ◽  
Luísa Castro ◽  
Guilhermina Rêgo ◽  
Rui Nunes

Nurses working in palliative care are at risk of burnout. The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory was used to determine burnout levels of nurses working in the Portuguese national network of palliative care. We evaluated the contribution of personal, work, and COVID-19 variables in three burnout subclasses: personal, work, and patient-related. A cross-sectional, exploratory, and quantitative design was employed and participants were sampled using convenience and snowball technique. An online survey was conducted and 153 nurses participated in our study. Socio-demographic characterization was conducted, levels of burnout and determinants were explored through multiple linear regression models for its three dimensions. High levels of personal, working, and patient burnout were present in 71 (46%), 68 (44%), and 33 nurses (22%), respectively. Most of them agreed that COVID-19 had an impact on their activities. Significant personal and work related burnout factors found were specialization in palliative care, self-perceived health status, unit type, weekly hours of work, and allocation to COVID-19 units. Gender was found to be a significant factor in patient-related burnout. There is a high level of burnout among nurses working in the Portuguese national network of palliative care. Measures for identification and mitigation of burnout are necessary to protect health care professionals.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 205970022110244
Author(s):  
Katie Alison Falla ◽  
Sarah Randall ◽  
Carol DeMatteo

Objectives There are two objectives for this paper. First, to determine effects of a concussion education program in a local school board in terms of concussion-specific knowledge in children and confidence in identifying and managing concussion in adults. Second, to identify differences and similarities in concussion knowledge between children who participate in sports and those who do not and between children with a history of one or more concussions and those without. Design A cross sectional survey regarding concussion knowledge was distributed randomly to students and adults at both pre- and posteducation timepoints. A concussion education program was disseminated across the school board for students between the distribution survey timepoints. Following the education program, adults and students completed their respective post-test surveys. Chi-squared tests in SPSS determined the significance of between-group differences. Results All 17 adults (100.0%) who had received concussion education recently reported confidence in their knowledge of concussion management, compared to 35.7% adults who had not received education for over a year (p = 0.020). For students, all of whom completed the concussion education training between the pre- and post-tests, there were no significant differences in concussion knowledge scores between athletes and non-athletes (either in or outside of school) or between those with a history of concussion and those without. There were no significant changes in concussion knowledge between the pre- and post-tests, except for one question. Conclusion Concussion education programs increase confidence of concussion management protocols in adults involved in sport, but they require improvements to better support knowledge amelioration, particularly for target groups that are at high risk of sustaining another injury.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beibei Feng ◽  
Kedi Chen ◽  
Xiaoxia Zhu ◽  
Wing-Yuk Ip ◽  
Lars L. Andersen ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common cause of pain, numbness and tingling in the wrist and hand region and is associated with repetitive wrist and hand use in office workers. However, scarce knowledge exists about the epidemiology of clinically confirmed CTS among Chinese office workers. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of wrist/hand symptoms and CTS in office workers in China and to identify associated risk factors. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out in a metropolitan city in China involving 969 respondents (aged 17–49 years) from 30 workplaces. A questionnaire was distributed to each participant to collect their demographic, work-related physical and psychosocial factors, and wrist and hand symptoms. The wrist and hand pain/numbness symptoms were marked on a body chart and the nature and intensity of symptoms, nocturnal symptoms, as well as aggravating activities were also recorded. Clinically confirmed CTS cases were screened based on the history, Phalen’s test, Tinel Sign and skin sensation testing among symptomatic respondents. Logistic regression was employed to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for the occurrence of self-reported wrist and hand symptoms and clinically confirmed CTS. Results The clinically confirmed CTS prevalence was 9.6%. The prevalence of wrist and hand symptoms were 22 and 15%, respectively. Frequently working in pain was associated with higher odds of CTS. Multivariate modelling adjusted for age and gender showed that prolonged computer use time and working without breaks were associated with presence of wrist/hand symptoms (adjusted ORs: 1.11 (95% CI 1.02–1.22) and 1.88 (95% CI 1.12–3.14)). Educational level was inversely associated with CTS and smoking was associated with wrist/hand complaints (adjusted OR: 2.20 (95% CI 1.19–4.07)). Conclusions The prevalence of work-related clinically confirmed CTS symptoms among young office workers in China is high. Frequently working in pain is closely associated with clinically confirmed CTS. Intense computer use and no breaks at work are associated with wrist and hand symptoms.


Author(s):  
Valentina Scalise ◽  
Fabrizio Brindisino ◽  
Leonardo Pellicciari ◽  
Silvia Minnucci ◽  
Francesca Bonetti

The aim of this article was to investigate the knowledge, management, and clinical practice of Italian physiotherapists concerning patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). A national cross-sectional survey consisted of 24 questions was administered from December 2019 until February 2020. A Chi-squared independence test was run to study any difference between subgroups of the sample and responses to the questionnaire. Five hundred and eight respondents completed the survey. Most respondents (n = 225/508; 44.3%) are under 29 years old, female (n = 256/508; 50.4%) and have been working as physiotherapists for less than 5 years (n = 213/508; 41.9%). Most of respondents correctly knows about the cause (n = 455/508, 89.6%), main signs and symptoms of CTS (n = 415/508, 81.70%) and administer education, manual therapy, myofascial techniques and therapeutic exercises (n = 457/508, 89.88%). Three hundred and sixty-four (71.68%) respondents were aware of the influence of psychosocial factors on the patient’s outcomes. The survey showed greater adherence to evidences by physiotherapists holding a master’s degree. The results are mostly comparable with other surveys structured all over the world on the same topic. Italian physiotherapists management of the CTS was not always in line with current evidence. Interventions such as education, manual therapy, therapeutic exercise, nerve and tendon glide techniques are widely used, while the orthotic is only offered by half of the sample.


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