scholarly journals Cooperative principles in practice: Experiences of Serbia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-110
Author(s):  
Marija Nikolić ◽  
Ivan Božić ◽  
Dragica Božić
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Consideration ◽  
Business Practice ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The World ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Cooperative Principles

Cooperative principles represent one of the three elements of cooperative identity. In their current form, they have existed since 1995, when they were adopted by the International Cooperative Alliance, and they represent a recommendation to cooperatives around the world on how to organize their business. Adherence to these recommendations in everyday business practice of cooperatives is extremely challenging. In fact, there is a consensus in the literature that deviation from cooperative principles is inevitable. The paper analyzes the experiences of the Republic of Serbia in the implementation of cooperative principles from time of the first cooperatives until today, with special emphasis on agricultural cooperatives. The aim of this paper is to examine the extent to which cooperative principles are respected in the business of cooperatives in Serbia, what factors led to deviations from these recommendations and what consequences this had on the success of these organizations. The paper presents a synergy of theoretical consideration of the problem and examination of experiences of agricultural cooperatives in Serbia in the implementation of cooperative principles. Conducted research indicate that during the development of cooperatives, different levels of deviations from cooperative principles in the practice of agricultural cooperatives were recorded, from very mild to extremely significant deviations that led to the suppression of true cooperative nature. Modern cooperative practice in Serbia is marked by a low level of knowledge of the elements of cooperative identity by the members and management of cooperatives, which further stipulates the posibility of their implementation in practice.

Dry Mixes for Self-Leveling Floors Based on Composite Binder

2019 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 101-112
Author(s):  
Ruslan Aharonovich Abramov ◽  
Maksim Sergeevich Sokolov ◽  
Meir Nisonovich Surilov ◽  
Svetlana Vyacheslavovna Derevianko
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
World Market ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Composite Binder ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Consumption Structure ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time ◽  
Different Levels

Currently, dry mixes (CDM) play an important role in the development of the world market of building materials. The industry of construction and finishing materials in Russia is quite young: the first time the dry building mixes appeared on the Russian market in the late 1980s, the consumption structure of CDM in the domestic market the main share (70%) are in the adhesive and plasters. The use of other compositions, in particular mixtures for self – leveling floors, does not have significant volumes and often the reason for this is the lack of design solutions and the low level of qualification of specialists at different levels from workers to designers who do not own CDM technologies.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN MASYARAKAT TENTANG EPILEPSI DI KELURAHAN MAHENA KECAMATAN TAHUNA KABUPATEN SANGIHE

e-CliniC ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimas Prasetyo Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Civil Servant ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Good Level ◽  
The World ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Village Communities

Abstract: Epilepsy is one of the oldest disease in the world and ranked two on neurology diseases after stroke. Approximately 50 million people worldwide suffer from epilepsy. Although epilepsy is widely known, low level knowledge about this diseases leads to people with epilepsy being stigmatized and discriminated. This study aimed to examine the level of knowledge about epilepsy in Mahena village, Tahuna district, Sangihe regency. This was a descriptive study using 93 people of Mahena village communities. Questionnaire consisting of 12 questions were filled by the respondents. The results showed that of the 93 respondents, 60.2% were females, 28% were aged 16-24 years, and 46.2% were high school/equivalent educated. There were 32,3% worked as civil servant. Majority of respondents have enough knowledge about epilepsy (51.6%), 40 persons (43%) of respondents have a poor level of knowledge about epilepsy and only 5 (5.4%) who have a good level of knowledge about epilepsy. Conclusion: Most people of Mahena, Tahuna had enough knowledge about epilepsy, however, there were still many who had low knowledge about epilepsy.Keywords: epilepsy, knowledge levelAbstrak: Epilepsi adalah salah satu penyakit tertua di dunia dan menempati urutan kedua dari penyakit saraf setelah stroke. Penyakit ini diderita oleh kurang lebih 50 juta orang di seluruh dunia. Walaupun telah dikenal secara luas, rendahnya tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat tentang penyakit ini dapat menimbulkan stigma yang mengakibatkan terjadinya diskriminasi terhadap penderita epilepsi. Penelitian ini bewrtujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai epilepsi. Penelitian merupakan suatu studi deskriptif terhadap 93 orang warga masyarakat kelurahan Mahena. Kuesioner yang digunakan terdiri dari 12 pertanyaan yang diisi sendiri oleh warga masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 93 orang responden, 60,2% berjenis kelamin perempuan, 28% responden berusia 16-24 tahun, dan 46,2% berpendidikan terakhir SMA/SMK/sederajat. Sebanyak 32,3% bekerja sebagai PNS/pegawai kantoran. Sebagian besar responden (51,6%) memiliki pengetahuan cukup mengenai epilepsi, 40 orang (43%) responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan buruk mengenai epilepsy, dan hanya 5 orang (5,4%) memiliki tingkat pengetahuan baik mengenai epilepsi. Simpulan: Walaupun sebagian besar masyarakat kelurahan Mahena, Tahuna sudah memiliki tingkat pengetahuan cukup tentang epilepsi, masih banyak juga yang memiliki tingkat pengetahuan kurang tentang epilepsi.Kata kunci: epilepsi, tingkat pengetahuan

scholarly journals Cross Check of the Tax Base in Serbia – Informative Tax Return Sample

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-131
Author(s):  
Ivan Raonić ◽  
Zoran Vasić ◽  
Igor Pejović
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Income Taxation ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Specific Challenge

AbstractThe tax system of the Republic of Serbia is characterized by a very low level of income taxation. It is a particularly acute problem in cross-checking the tax base. The legislature tried to solve this problem by the introduction of the informative tax return (IPP). The problem is even greater because the situations encountered have not been analysed in science and tax theory, and very often have not been covered by applicable laws. A specific challenge for the tax authorities represent taxpayers whose incomes are primarily realized abroad (usually persons from the world of entertainment). This paper describes the basic forms of tax offences characteristic of income tax evasion and discusses how to solve them, with a particular focus on the implementation of cross-checking the tax base.

scholarly journals THE GENUS DRYOPTERIS (PTERIDOPHYTA: DRYOPTERIDACEAE) IN THE FLORA OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA – 30 YEARS AFTER MICEVSKI’S FLORA –

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljupčo Melovski
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Fern Species ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Republic

This article presents the records about four new Buckler fern (Dryopteris) species for the territory of the Re-public of Macedonia and new data about the distribution of some rare Buckler fern species.Dryopteris is one of the most complex fern genera in Europe. Hybridization and apomixis among some of the spe-cies contribute to difficulties and uncertainties for identification of individual species. That, coupled with lack of research on ferns in Macedonia for the last 30 years, resulted in a low level of knowledge within this vascular plants’ group.The field research of the flora of Macedonia and thorough check of two herbaria (MKMEL and MKNH) in Skopje revealed presence of four new Buckler fern species in Macedonia: Dryopteris affinis subsp. jessenii, D. ore-ades, D. mindshelkensis and D. expansa. Additionlly, several other localities for rare species: D. borreri, D. dilatata and D. carthusiana were reported.Further research is needed to fill the remaining gaps, particularly in relation to identification of hybrids and more detailed study of the distribution pattern of rare Buckler fern species.

scholarly journals SECTION 27 OF THE INSOLVENCY ACT 24 OF 1936 AS A VIOLATION OF THE EQUALITY CLAUSE: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Zingaphi Mabe
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Department Of Justice ◽  
Current Form ◽  
The World ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Made In

The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, is regarded as one of the most progressive constitutions in the world. As the supreme law in South Africa, it applies to all law and conduct. All South African laws must be consistent with the Constitution. Where there is an alleged violation of constitutional provisions, that law or conduct must be evaluated to establish whether or not it is consistent with the values of an open and democratic society based on fundamental human rights such as human dignity and the right to equality.The Insolvency Act and section 27 in particular which is the focus of this paper must be consistent with the Constitution. Section 27(1) provides:"No immediate benefit under a duly registered antenuptial contract given in good faith by a man to his wife or any child to be born of the marriage shall be set aside as a disposition without value, unless that man's estate was sequestrated within two years of the registration of that antenuptial contract."This section protects benefits arising from an antenuptial contract and given by a man to his wife or to a child born of their marriage, from being set aside as dispositions without value during sequestration proceedings. The same protection is not afforded however, to benefits given by the wife under an antenuptial contract. This also excludes benefits given by those in a same sex marriage, and limits the benefits available to children born of that form of marriage.As the right to equality in section 9 of the Constitution seeks to provide equal benefits before the law to persons in the same or similar positions by prohibiting unfair discrimination, the limitations in section 27 render it vulnerable to constitutional review.As the Insolvency Act has not been amended as a whole to accommodate the equality provisions in the Constitution, in its current form, section 27 seems to violate section 9(3) of the Constitution on the grounds of sexual orientation, marital status and birth.However, certain proposals have been made in the report by the South African Law Reform Commission on the Review of the Law of Insolvency to develop section 27 to comply with the Constitution. Further developments have been proposed by the Department of Justice and Constitutional Developments in its presentations to the Labour Market Chamber in 2003 and 2006.This paper examines section 27 of the Insolvency Act as it currently reads, within the context of the right to equality in section 9 of the Constitution. Current developments in respect of section 27 will be considered to illustrate progress made in reforming the section and whether the reform measures proposed will protect all those affected by the discrimination arising from section 27.The discussion opens with a consideration of the current dispensation and the question whether section 27 violates section 9(3) of the Constitution. Current developments will then be discussed in the light of the current proposals.

scholarly journals MANAGING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP // UPRAVLJANJE RAZVOJEM SOCIJALNOG PREDUZETNIŠTVA

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra B. Vidović
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Research Type

The rapid growth of social entrepreneurship is characterized by an increase in social inequalities alone poverty in the world, which is a consequence of the development of globalization. About social entrepreneurship and its achievements in Bosnia and Herzegovina generally how little he knows and works, which is why it is the space for I’m still challenge for systematic research. This research is based on the development of social entrepreneurship and the importance of the application itself pointing adoption of this form of business in the next period in our region. The survey was conducted with the aim to highlight the importance of developing social entrepreneurship that provides this type of business, as well as to determine the level of knowledge in this kind of business. For this kind of research is used the qualitative research type and it was created a questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of five questions, after completing research on a representative sample, the empirical data are processed and statistical programs: SPSS 22 and Stat Plus 2009. The work is set I tested the following null hypothesis H0-Development of social entrepreneurship can successfully function on the territory of the Republic of Srpska/Bosnia and Herzegovina.

scholarly journals Development trends and assessment of system efficiency of interbudgetary relations in the Republic of Uzbekistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 60-75
Author(s):  
Lola Narmuminovna Khazratkulova
Keyword(s):  
Decision Makers ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
Fiscal Equalization ◽  
Transfer Policy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Republic ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Levels

The study is devoted to topical issues of the distribution of competencies between the budgets of different levels, first of all, with the aim of effectively fulfilling the tasks they face, forming a reliable and stable revenue base for local budgets, equalizing regional incomes, as well as the conditions and mechanisms for providing them with financial assistance. The purpose of this article is to generalize the existing ones in the world, as well as to improve and develop methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of the use of fiscal equalization funds, which is undeservedly paid little attention to in the research of Uzbek scientists. The article analyzes the existing system of interbudgetary relations of the Republic of Uzbekistan, identifies the problems and trends of its development. Based on the application of these approaches, as well as mathematical-statistical and expert methods, conclusions were drawn about the presence of a high level of differentiation of the regions of Uzbekistan in terms of important socio-economic indicators and about the effectiveness of the transfer policy carried out in the republic, designed to smooth out these differences. The work will be useful to employees of the relevant authorities of Uzbekistan, decision-makers in the field of formation and implementation of socio-economic policy at the regional and national levels, as well as a wide range of researchers and readers interested in the peculiarities of organizing the system of interbudgetary relations.

“Utopia First!” A Machiavellian Conception of Solidarity in More's Utopia

Moreana ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (Number 209) (1) ◽  
pp. 79-93
Author(s):  
Marie-Claire Phélippeau
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Farm Work ◽  
The World ◽  
Social Difficulties ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Democratic Elections ◽  
Communal Organization

This paper shows how solidarity is one of the founding principles in Thomas More's Utopia (1516). In the fictional republic of Utopia described in Book II, solidarity has a political and a moral function. The principle is at the center of the communal organization of Utopian society, exemplified in a number of practices such as the sharing of farm work, the management of surplus crops, or the democratic elections of the governor and the priests. Not only does solidarity benefit the individual Utopian, but it is a prerequisite to ensure the prosperity of the island of Utopia and its moral preeminence over its neighboring countries. However, a limit to this principle is drawn when the republic of Utopia faces specific social difficulties, and also deals with the rest of the world. In order for the principle of solidarity to function perfectly, it is necessary to apply it exclusively within the island or the republic would be at risk. War is not out of the question then, and compassion does not apply to all human beings. This conception of solidarity, summed up as “Utopia first!,” could be dubbed a Machiavellian strategy, devised to ensure the durability of the republic. We will show how some of the recommendations of Realpolitik made by Machiavelli in The Prince (1532) correspond to the Utopian policy enforced to protect their commonwealth.

PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF EDUCATION AND TOLERANCE IN STUDENTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-119
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR GLEB NAYDONOV
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
Interethnic Differences ◽  
The World ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Correct Understanding ◽  
Psychological Features ◽  
Different Levels

The article considers the students’ tolerance as a spectrum of personal manifestations of respect, acceptance and correct understanding of the rich diversity of cultures of the world, values of others’ personality. The purpose of the study is to investgate education and the formation of tolerance among the students. We have compiled a training program to improve the level of tolerance for interethnic differences. Based on the statistical analysis of the data obtained, the most important values that are significant for different levels of tolerance were identified.

The Process of Globalization and Its Impact on Media

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Veton Zejnullahi
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
World Order ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Four Corners ◽  
The World ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Human Eyes ◽  
The Impact

The process of globalization, which many times is considered as new world order is affecting all spheres of modern society but also the media. In this paper specifically we will see the impact of globalization because we see changing the media access to global problems in general being listed on these processes. We will see that the greatest difficulties will have small media as such because the process is moving in the direction of creating mega media which thanks to new technology are reaching to deliver news and information at the time of their occurrence through choked the small media. So it is fair to conclude that the rapid economic development and especially the technology have made the world seem "too small" to the human eyes, because for real-time we will communicate with the world with the only one Internet connection, and also all the information are take for the development of events in the four corners of the world and direct from the places when the events happen. Even Albanian space has not left out of this process because the media in the Republic of Albania and the Republic of Kosovo are adapted to the new conditions under the influence of the globalization process. This fact is proven powerful through creating new television packages, written the websites and newspapers in their possession.

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