scholarly journals The European Approach to Building AI Policy and Governance: A Haven for Bureaucrats or Innovators?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Olga Shumilo ◽  
Tanel Kerikmäe
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Considerable Effort ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Human Control ◽  
Disruptive Technologies ◽  
Legislative Proposal ◽  
Efficient Manufacturing ◽  
Eu Commission ◽  
The Eu

Disruptive technologies and the domination of digital platforms have challenged the global economy players twice — first, to get a hand on them, then to mitigate the possible risks. It is beyond doubt that reliable artificial intelligence (AI) can bring many benefits at the European level, such as better health care, safer and cleaner transport, more efficient manufacturing, and sustainable energy. But regulating the unknown requires considerable effort on how to attract investors using clear rules while keeping human control over the algorithms as a priority. In April 2021, the EU Commission published a holistic proposal to regulate the use of AI, which promises to put trust first and ensure that facial recognition and big data operators will never abuse fundamental human rights. Although the proposal is likely to be amended during EU-wide discussions, the new approach to AI will clearly give citizens the reassurance to adopt these technologies while encouraging companies to develop them. Hence, this article aims to map the core challenges for the EU policy on the use of AI, as well as the milestones of developing the holistic legislative proposal, and clarify if the afore-mentioned proposal indeed solves all the AI-related risks for future generations.

scholarly journals La regulación europea actual sobre emplazamiento de producto y la propuesta de reforma de la directiva de servicios de comunicación audiovisual = The current European rules governing product placement and the new legislative proposal amending the audiovisual media services directive

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 506
Author(s):  
Mercedes Sánchez Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Service Provider ◽  
Product Placement ◽  
Audiovisual Media ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Media Services ◽  
Legislative Proposal ◽  
The Media ◽  
Commercial Communication ◽  
Eu Commission ◽  
The Eu

Resumen: La Directiva 2010/13/UE, de Servicios de Comunicación Audiovisual (DSCA) establece la regulación europea vigente sobre emplazamiento de producto. Algunas de sus previsiones son principios que resultan difíciles de aplicar en la práctica (“prominencia indebida”, “influencia que afecta a la independencia editorial del prestador de servicios”). Asimismo, el emplazamiento de producto, por su propia naturaleza, no puede distinguirse con facilidad de la publicidad encubierta. El 25 de mayo de 2016, la Comisión Europea hizo pública una propuesta legislativa para modificar la Directiva de servicios de comunicación audiovisual que incide sobre esta materia. Este artículo examina el régimen de la DSCA sobre emplazamiento de producto y las modificaciones proyectadas. La principal conclusión alcanzada es que la propuesta de Directiva publicada por la Comisión podría dificultar aún más la interpretación y aplicación del régimen jurídico de esta figura.Palabras clave: comunicación comercial audiovisual, emplazamiento de producto, publicidad encubierta, competencia desleal.Abstract: The Directive 2010/13/EU on Audiovisual Media Services (AVMSD) provides the EU current rules on product placement. Some of its provisions are standards, so that they may be difficult to apply (“undue prominence”, “influence that affects the editorial independence of the media service provider”). By its very nature, product placement cannot be clearly distinguished from surreptitious advertising. On 25 May 2016 the European Commission published a legislative proposal for amending the AVMS Directive that affects this issue. The research article examines the rules on product placement under the AVMSD and the proposed amendments. The main conclusion is the proposal published by the EU Commission would not make the rules on product placement clearer and easier to apply.Keywords: audiovisual commercial communication, product placement, surreptitious advertising, unfair competition.

scholarly journals A Bayesian approach to developing a strategic early warning system for the French milk market

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Bisson ◽  
Furkan Gurpinar
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Time Series ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Time Series Regression ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Future State ◽  
Robust Decisions ◽  
Public Organisations ◽  
Milk Market ◽  
Eu Commission ◽  
The Eu

A new approach is provided in our paper for creating a strategic early warningsystem allowing the estimation of the future state of the milk market as scenarios. This is inline with the recent call from the EU commission for tools that help to better address such ahighly volatile market. We applied different multivariate time series regression and Bayesiannetworks on a pre-determined map of relations between macro-economic indicators. Theevaluation of our findings with root mean square error (RMSE) performance score enhancesthe robustness of the prediction model constructed. Our model could be used by competitiveintelligence teams to obtain sharper scenarios, leading companies and public organisations tobetter anticipate market changes and make more robust decisions.

scholarly journals The European Committee of the Regions as a watchdog of the principle of subsidiarity

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-301
Author(s):  
Salvatore Fabio Nicolosi ◽  
Lisette Mustert
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
European Committee ◽  
Legislative Proposal ◽  
The Right ◽  
Committee Of The Regions ◽  
Regional Funds ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
The Eu

In a resolution adopted on 1 February 2018, the European Committee of the Regions noted that a legislative proposal of the European Commission concerning a Regulation that changes the rules governing the EU regional funds for 2014-2020 did not comply with the principle of subsidiarity. Accordingly, the Committee considered challenging the legislative proposal before the Court of Justice if the proposal was formally agreed upon. Although at a later stage the European Commission decided to take into account the Committee’s argument and amended the proposal accordingly, such a context offers the chance to investigate more in detail the role of the Committee of the Regions in the legislative process of the EU and, more in particular, its role as a watchdog of the principle of subsidiarity. This paper aims to shed light on a rather neglected aspect of the EU constitutional practice, such as the potential of the Committee of the Regions to contribute to the legislative process, and answer the question of whether this Committee is the right body to guarantee compliance with the principle of subsidiarity.

scholarly journals The legal street: a scarcity approach to urban open space in mobility transitions

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett J. M. Petzer ◽  
Anna J. Wieczorek ◽  
Geert P. J. Verbong
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Open Space ◽  
National Level ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Urban Open Space ◽  
Space Allocation ◽  
Zero Sum ◽  
Lock In ◽  
The Eu

AbstractAn urban mobility transition requires a transition in space allocation, since most mobility modes are dependent on urban open space for circulation and the storage of vehicles. Despite increasing attention to space and spatiality in transitions research, the finite, physical aspects of urban space, and the means by which it is allocated, have not been adequately acknowledged as an influence on mobility transitions. A conceptual framework is introduced to support comparison between cities in terms of the processes by which open space is (re-)distributed between car and bicycle circulatory and regulatory space. This framework distinguishes between regulatory allocation mechanisms and the appropriation practices of actors. Application to cases in Amsterdam, Brussels and Birmingham reveal unique relationships created by the zero-sum nature of urban open space between the dominant automobility mode and subordinate cycling mode. These relationships open up a new approach to forms of lock-in that work in favour of particular mobility modes within the relatively obdurate urban built environment. Empirically, allocation mechanisms that routinise the production of car space at national level within the EU are shown to be far more prevalent than those for bicycle space, highlighting the constraints faced by radical city-level policies aimed at space reallocation.

Front-of-pack nutrition labelling in the European Union: a behavioural, legal and political analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Vincent DELHOMME
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Nutrition Labelling ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
Legislative Proposal ◽  
The Eu

Amidst a growing interest from European Union (EU) Member States, the European Commission recently announced that it would put forward a legislative proposal for the adoption of a harmonised and mandatory front-of-pack nutrition labelling scheme at the EU level. The present contribution discusses the implications of such an adoption, taking a behavioural, legal and policy angle. It introduces first the concept of front-of-pack nutrition labelling and the existing evidence regarding its effects on consumer behaviour and dietary habits. It then presents the legal framework currently applicable to (front-of-pack) nutrition labelling in the EU and discusses some of the main political and practical aspects involved with the development of a common EU front-of-pack label.

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