A clinical and epidemiological study of non-venereal genital dermatoses: A cross-sectional, hospital-based study from Nepal

Background: Non-venereal genital dermatoses are the conditions of the genitalia that are not transmitted sexually. They may be confused with venereal diseases and be responsible for concerns among patients as well as diagnostic dilemmas for physicians. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and describe the patterns of non-venereal genital conditions. Methods: This was a hospital-based, cross-sectional, prospective study conducted in a tertiary center in Kathmandu, Nepal, over a period of one year. Non-probability purposive sampling was employed to select the samples. Two hundred patients were enrolled in the study. Ethical approval was taken prior to the study. Detailed history taking along with a complete cutaneous examination were conducted for all patients and recorded in a preformed proforma. Results: Among 21366 patients, two hundred patients had non-venereal genital dermatoses. The prevalence of non-venereal dermatoses was 0.93 %. The mean age of the patient was 29.5 ± 15 years, ranging from 2 months to 81 years. The male-to-female ratio was 2.7:1. Itching was the most common presentation (46%). Fifty-four different types of non-venereal diseases were encountered and classified into inflammatory lesions (n = 84; 42%), infections and infestations (n = 43; 21.5%), normal variants and benign abnormalities (n = 41; 20.5%), and miscellaneous (n = 21; 10.5%). The most common were, among inflammatory dermatoses, drug reactions (11.5%) and eczema (6.5%) and, among infections and infestations, scabies (9.5%) and fungal infections (7.5%). Conclusion: Non-venereal genital dermatoses are important yet less common dermatological conditions. A number of patients have misconceptions about them as venereal. A comprehensive study of non-venereal dermatological genital conditions is required for careful management to minimize morbidity.

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Prevalence of Venereophobia among Patients of Non-Venereal Genital Conditions- a Cross-Sectional Hospital Based Study from Nepal

Nepal Journal of Dermatology Venereology & Leprology ◽

10.3126/njdvl.v19i2.39020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 34-38

Author(s):

Vikash Paudel ◽

Deepa Chudal ◽

Upama Paudel ◽

Dwarika Prasad Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Clinical Signs ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Psychiatric Evaluation ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Tertiary Center ◽

Ethical Approval ◽

One Year

Background Venereophobia is the fear of getting venereal diseases or sexually transmitted diseases. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and describe the varying clinical pattern of dermatoses among patients with venereophobia in non-venereal genital conditions. Materials and Methods This was a hospital-based, prospective, cross-sectional observational study conducted in a tertiary center in Kathmandu, Nepal, over a period of one year. A nonprobability purposive convenient sampling technique was used to select the samples. Two hundred patients were enrolled in the study. Ethical approval was taken prior to the study. A detailed history along with a complete cutaneous examination was carried out in all patients and recorded in preformed proforma. Patients with symptoms and clinical signs of sexually transmitted infections were excluded from the study. Results The prevalence of venereophobia among non-venereal dermatosis was 18%. The mean age of the patient with non-venereal genital dermatosis was 29.5 ± 15 years. The male to female ratio was 17:2. About 72% of the total patients were married. The most common symptoms of patients with venereophobia were genital itching, whereas about 44% were asymptomatic. The common dermatological disorders associated with venereophobia were pearly penile papules, genital vitiligo, irritant contact dermatitis. Three fourth of the patient with venereophobia had multiple sexual exposures. Conclusions Venereophobia is an important issue to be focused on patients with genital dermatosis and a significant number of patients might have venereophobia even in non-venereal genital dermatoses. A proper genital and psychiatric evaluation might prevent misdiagnosis and complications.

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Assessment of Kenyan Optometrists Knowledge, Skills and Practice on Cataract, Kisumu County, Western Kenya

10.21203/rs.2.19424/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Shadrack Muma ◽

Stephen Obonyo

Keyword(s):

Health Care Providers ◽

Care Providers ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Primary Health Care Providers ◽

Level Of Knowledge ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

One Year ◽

Male To Female ◽

Cataract Patients

Abstract BackgroundCataract is a major contributor to avoidable blindness in the world. It is the clouding of the normally clear lens of the eye characterized by reduced vision, increasing difficulty with vision at night and sensitivity to light and glare. The risk factors of cataract include increased age, smoking and excess exposure to sunlight. Though studies have focused on the causes and treatment of cataract, there is no data on optometrist knowledge, skill and practice on cataract in Kenya. The optometrists are the primary health care providers for cataract patients, they are well placed to assess, provide advice and refer cataract patients to the ophthalmologists.Methods: a cross sectional design was used. Stratified random sampling was used to select sample. Fisher’s formula was used.ResultsA total of 49 optometrists were interviewed over a period of four months, the male to female ratio was 2:1, mean age of 45.8(72%) years, age ranged from 25-39 years with mean duration of practice of one year and maximum of 10 years. One hundred percent optometrists had good knowledge and understanding of importance of slit lamp assessment in making cataract diagnosis. However, our results found that (83.6%) of optometrists used pen torch for assessment of lens changes in patients. On skills, optometrists were classified as having poor skills with thirty nine (79.6%) being unable to diagnose. 61.2% of optometrists did not screen patients aged 40 years and above who attended eye clinics for cataract. The most common challenges reported for not screening was long queues. The study further established that the optometrists had various reasons to refer patients to another hospital including 52.6% for availability of ophthalmologists and 39.5% of optometrists for availability of equipment.ConclusionThe study established that despite the good level of knowledge among the optometrist on cataract, there exist gaps in skills in categorizing the type of cataract. Most optometrists do not screen patients aged 40 years and above for cataract. Hence there is need to sensitize optometrists on the significance of screening for cataract to prevent blindness due to cataract.

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Ocular morbidity among children of Baglung, Nepal

Journal of Kathmandu Medical College ◽

10.3126/jkmc.v9i2.35529 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 92-95

Author(s):

Dikchhya Sharma ◽

Ashik Rajak ◽

Sabina Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Visual Impairment ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Eye Health ◽

Ocular Disorders ◽

Ethical Approval ◽

Ocular Morbidity ◽

Male To Female

Background: Development of the visual system occurs during childhood and is completed by eight years of life. Ocular disorders occurring during this period can lead to visual impairment which can have a lifelong impact on the life of the child. Early detection and treatment of ocular problems among children minimizes the risk of visual impairment and amblyopia. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the pattern of ocular morbidity among children attending the health camp in Baglung. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted to determine the pattern of ocular morbidity among children in the western region of Nepal, Baglung district. The study was conducted in the month of December 2019 for 2 days after receiving ethical approval. All data obtained were analyzed according to age, sex and pattern of ocular morbidity and were expressed in frequency, percentage and mean as applicable. Convenience sampling technique was used. Results: Five hundred and thirty two children were evaluated in the study. Among them, 143 (26.87%) had ocular morbidity. The mean age of children with ocular morbidity was 9.6± 5.4 years. The total male to female ratio was 1.18:1 and that amongst those with ocular morbidities was seen to be 2.04:1.1. The most common ocular morbidity was refractive error in 43(8.08%) followed by conjunctival in 32(6.01%) and lid disorders in 29(5.45%) respectively. Conclusion: Most of the morbidities observed were either preventable or treatable, therefore, eye health camp is an effective method to identify them.

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East surgical ward enteric perforation score: a new statistically valid scoring criteria for decision between repair or ileostomy in patients with peritonitis due to enteric perforation

International Surgery Journal ◽

10.18203/2349-2902.isj20213194 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ahmed Siddique Ammar ◽

Syed Asghar Naqi ◽

Zahra Sattar ◽

Farwa Inayat ◽

Affifa Liaquat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Operative Procedure ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Developing Nations ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Surgical Ward ◽

Ethical Approval ◽

Enteric Perforation ◽

Male To Female

Background: Enteric fever leading to enteric perforation is very common surgical emergency in the developing nations. The two surgical solutions used worldwide are to repair or exteriorize the perforation as ileostomy. The aim of the study was to setup and validate a statistically reliable scoring system for decision between repair and ileostomy in patients with peritonitis due to enteric perforation.Methods: It was an observational cross-sectional study done at East Surgical Ward of Mayo Hospital, Lahore. 256 patients were selected by consecutive non-probability sampling after ethical approval. The duration of study was 2 years from 1st August to 2018 to 30th July 2020. Patients with age more than 13 years presented in emergency department with diagnosis of peritonitis due to enteric perforation were included. A preformed scoring criterion named as East surgical ward enteric perforation (ESWEP) score was set by giving each variable a score of 1 to 3. Cut-off value between repair and ileostomy was observed.Results: 142 (55.4%) patients were male and 114 (44.5%) were female. Male to female ratio was 1: 1.24. The average age of patients is about 37 years with SD of ±9.67 years. ROC curve showed cut-off of pre-operative ESWEP score of 4 (sensitivity78%, specificity of 88%), per operative score of 7 (sensitivity 96%, specificity of 85%) and total ESWEP score of 11 (sensitivity 94%, specificity of 88%).Conclusions: ESWEP score is new score which helps in standardization of operative procedure done for the patients with peritonitis due to enteric perforation.

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A Cross-Sectional Overview: The Effect of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Flow Rate of Orthopedic Truama Cases in Kuwait

International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science ◽

10.23958/ijirms/vol05-i12/995 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (12) ◽

pp. 573-578

Author(s):

Saleh Alsaifi ◽

Ahmad Boskandar ◽

Saleh Alkhaldi ◽

Aliaa Khaja ◽

Meshal Alhadhoud

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Spine Fractures ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Flow Rates ◽

Traumatic Injuries ◽

Femur Fractures ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Orthopedic Injuries ◽

Male To Female

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has led many countries to carry out a range of restrictions ranging from social distancing rules to full national lockdowns. The main aim of this study was to compare the flow rates of orthopaedic trauma injuries in Kuwait prior to the partial lockdown and during the curfew period. Method: Patient records for 641 isolated traumatic orthopedic injuries were collected pre and post the nationwide enforced partial curfew. The data was collected from the registries of 3 major orthopedic centers in the country. These hospitals cover a total of about 5 million people. Results: Hospitals of Kuwait received 356 patients in March-April of 2019 and 285 in the same months of 2020 during the curfew period. A slight decrease in the flow of orthopedic injuries was noted in the curfew period, but not a statistically significant one. Male to female ratio remained the same for both groups as well as the ratio for age groups. Femur fractures in the 2020 group were slightly higher and spine fractures were slightly lower than they were in 2019. Conclusion: A slight decrease in the number of patients who had orthopedic traumatic injuries was noted during the COVID-19 enforced partial curfew period. The decreased rate however, was not statistically significant.

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The prevalence and pattern of pediatric dermatoses in a tertiary care center at Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20185002 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 56

Author(s):

Ratan Singh ◽

Varun Kumar Tiwari

Keyword(s):

Skin Diseases ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Acne Vulgaris ◽

Care Center ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Male To Female

Background: Analysis of skin diseases in the pediatric population and its trends reflects the health and nutritional status of a community. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and pattern of skin diseases in children registered at the Dermatology OPD department of Hemawati Nandan Bahuguna Teaching Base Hospital, Srikot over a period of 1 year.Methods: A prospective cross-sectional descriptive analysis was conducted at the Dermatology OPD department of HNB teaching hospital to determine the pattern of dermatoses in children aged 0 days to 17 years, between 1 April 2017 and 31 March 2018. Cases with incomplete data, non-compliant to treatment and patients whose primary lesions are altered by the application of topical medication, not related to the existing disease were excluded from the study. The results were entered and tabulated in MS-excel sheet and descriptive analysis was done.Results: Out of 23,359 outpatients 6,274 (26.85%) were of a pediatric age with a male to female ratio of 1.2:1. The majority of the children belonged to young teens and teenagers (2377;37. 88%). Majority of pediatric dermatoses belonged to Infectious group (1373;21.88%) followed by Disorders of skin appendages (1087;17.33%) and Infestations (722;11.5%). The three most common diagnoses were Scabies (694;11.06%) followed by Fungal infections (568;10.43%) and Acne vulgaris (398;6. 34%).Conclusions: This study showed the current pattern of pediatric dermatoses in Garhwal region of Uttrakhand with a high frequency of infection and infestations with young teen and teenagers as the identified focus group for the need of intervention.

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Frequency of High MELD Score in Cirrhotic Patients undergoing Liver Resection due to Hepatocellular Carcinoma

10.53350/pjmhs211592841 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (9) ◽

pp. 2841-2843

Author(s):

Muhammad Omer Farooq ◽

Niaz Ahmed ◽

Hassan Nadeem ◽

Kashif Rafi ◽

Sadia Jabbar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Liver Resection ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Meld Score ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Score Study ◽

Insignificant Difference ◽

Cirrhotic Patients ◽

Male To Female

Objective: To determine the frequency of high MELD score in cirrhotic patients undergoing liver resection due to hepatocellular carcinoma also compare the frequency of mortality in patients with high or low MELD score. Study Design: Cross sectional study Place and Duration: Department of Gastroenterology, Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore. Duration: 6months i.e. 23 12-2017 to 22-06-2018. Methodology: 75 patients were enrolled. Then blood sample was obtained. Reports assessed and MELD score calculated. Scores were labeled as high or low. Patients underwent liver resection according to BCLC. The mortality was noted. All the collected data was entered and analyzed on SPSS version 22. Results: In this study out of total 75 cases 60 were males and 15 females. The mean age of patients was 39.44±9.76 years, male to female ratio was 4:1. Low MELD class was noted in 45 (60%) cases and high MELD class noted in 30(40%) cases. Mortality occurred in 27(36%) cases. Insignificant difference found between the MELD class with mortality. Conclusion: High MELD score was seen in 40% cirrhotic patients undergoing liver resection due to HCC. Post HCC resection, mortality occurred in 36% patients within three months of surgery. No significant association was found between the mortality and MELD score. Keywords: MELD, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Mortality, Cirrhosis

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HIV Prevalence and Frequency of Risk Behavior in Injecting Drug Users Entering Treatment and Out of Treatment: A Cross-Sectional Study in Five Italian Cities

Journal of Drug Issues ◽

10.1177/002204269402400312 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 527-535 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Giovanni Rezza ◽

Stefania Salmaso ◽

Damiano Abeni ◽

Giovanna Brancato ◽

Alessandra Anemona ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Behavior ◽

Drug Users ◽

Injecting Drug Users ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hiv Prevalence ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Outreach Programs ◽

Male To Female

We conducted a study to describe current patterns of drug-related behaviors, and to identify characteristics that may distinguish injecting drug users entering treatment from those out of treatment, in five Italian cities. Overall, 1,180 subjects were recruited — 568 entering treatment and 612 out of treatment. Male to female ratio was 6.6:1. The median age was similar in the two groups. A high proportion of injecting drug users recruited out of treatment had been in treatment at least once. HIV prevalence among injecting drug users entering treatment was not higher than that of those who were out of treatment. Furthermore, a large proportion of injecting drug users who still were out of treatment reported having adopted safe behaviors. The results of the study emphasize the need to implement outreach programs aimed at harm reduction.

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Does Static Intra Access Pressure Monitoring of Arteriovenous Fistulas Predicts Intra Access Stenosis?

Pakistan Journal of Kidney Diseases ◽

10.53778/pjkd40349 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (03) ◽

Author(s):

Abaid ur Rehman ◽

Muhammad Imran Khan ◽

Omer Sabir ◽

Muhammad Mohsin Riaz ◽

Mubashar Dilawar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Vascular Access ◽

Doppler Ultrasonography ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽

Doppler Us ◽

Sensitivity Specificity ◽

Male To Female

The initiation of hemodialysis in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires vascular access formation. The choice of vascular access for individual patient depends on various factors however arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is conventionally considered to be the vascular access of choice. Once hemodialysis is initiated through a mature AVF, there is an ongoing need for surveillance of the AVF to ensure adequate function and prevent vascular access issues among which flow obstruction (both inflow and outflow) remains the most important. AVF stenosis can potentially lead to inadequate dialysis delivery and thrombosis thus leading to access loss. Physical examination and AVF Doppler ultrasonography (DUS) are useful for evaluation of stenosis in the arteriovenous connection and the outflow tract. Periodic assessment of the AVF with Static Intra access Pressure (SIAPR) determination may be a reliable means of predicting vascular access stenosis. Material & Methods A cross sectional study carried out at Department of Nephrology, Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore from July 2018 to December 2018. In total 113 patients were included, and all patients underwent SIAPR assessment and Doppler Ultrasound of AVF. Results Mean age of the patients was 56.81±9.38 years, male to female ratio of the patients was 1.8:1. In this study the SIAPR was suggestive of stenosis in 87(76.99%) patients. The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of SIAPR against Doppler US of the AVF for detection of stenosis was 75.86%, 22.62% & 36.28% respectively Conclusion SIAPR has low specificity and diagnostic accuracy compared to Doppler US for detection of AVF stenosis.

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Assessment of visual acuity defects among rural adolescent students of tribal Bastar Chhattisgarh (India)

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20183970 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (10) ◽

pp. 4335

Author(s):

Alakh Ram Verma ◽

Teeku Sinha ◽

Gagandeep Singh Bhatia

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Low Cost ◽

Refractive Errors ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Adolescent Students ◽

Eye Screening ◽

Male To Female ◽

Rural Adolescent

Background: Defective visual acuity is the most common problem among adolescents which, if remains uncorrected may cause refractive errors and may lead to blindness. Defective visual acuity can be tested early and corrected by spectacles. The objectives of the study were assessment of visual acuity defects among adolescent students.Methods: Present study design is cross sectional community based study. Conducted during July to September 2017 in Higher Secondary School, Pandripani. Predesigned KAP questionnaires were used to collect information and visual acuity was measured by using Snellen’s chart. Students with spectacles were tested for uncorrected and corrected visual acuity. Data was analyzed on MS Excel 2016.Results: Visual acuity defect prevalence rises with age and maximum is seen in age group 19-20 years (85%).Male to female ratio in students with defects was 52:48 Maximum defect is seen in class 12th students (34%).83% students never got their eyes checked out of which 25% had defective visual acuity. Positive attitude toward spectacles preventing normalization of eyes and spectacles leading to dependence and worsening of vision were elicited. Students whose parents have eye related problem have prevalence of 64%.83% of students advised to wear spectacles who don’t have, cost of spectacle is most common cause (80%) and is preceded by not much difference in vision after wearing (20%).Conclusions: The prevalence of visual acuity defect was high in rural adolescent. Eye screening of school going children is recommended and spectacles to be distributed free or at low cost to those students diagnosed with refractive errors.

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