scholarly journals OBSTACLES TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CROWN LAW ON THE SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISE BUSINESS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Gavrić ◽  
Ibrahim Obhođaš ◽  
Esad Jakupović
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Business Services ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Social Contributions ◽  
The Impact

In the world economy, small and medium sized entreprises (SMEs) dominate in the number of overall enterprises (90-99% of all enterprises, depending on the definition used) and in economic contributions (GDP growth, productivity, job creation, innovation, level of competition, etc.) (Lundström i Stevenson, 2001). Because small businesses generate jobs, tax revenue, functional products, charitable donations, technological development, and social contributions to communities, their success and sustainability are important for social and economic development. In addition to the impact on public health, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused a major economic shock and the greatest consequences were felt by the small and medium-sized enterprises. Due to the crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, countries and their companies are facing major problems of human and business capacities sustainability. Although governments have enacted private sector policies, there are constraints that have direct implications for economic growth potential. In this paper, we investigate the impact of COVID-19 on SMEs in Bosnia and Herzegovina, focusing on the impact of the Law for mitigation negative economic consequences, better known as the Crown-Law. We first examined how the companies performed this year compared to the previous year, and then we examined whether there were barriers to the implementation of the Crowv-Law and if so, whether they were internal or external. The results of this research point to the fact that the Crown-Law is not good enough. The measures are not in line with the strategic needs of SMEs, there is a time limit and the measures are short-term. The SME development strategy should be coordinated based on the mechanism of public-private dialogue. SMEs need business services to improve their competitiveness (information, consulting, training, accounting, legal services, advertising, marketing, technical and technological services, including testing standards and certification requirements abroad, product upgrades, etc.). The results of this research provide some information of the business results and expectations of SMEs in times of crisis, while offering insight into measures designed to aid recovery. The results highlight the role that the length of the crisis will play in determining its final impact, which policymakers should consider when considering the scale of interventions needed. On the other side, the Covid-19 pandemic has opened up new challenges, but also opportunities for SMEs, such as technological advances that create new products and transform almost every phase of the business from manufacturing to marketing, procurement and logistics. Currently, only a small part of the SME sector is able to recognize and seize these opportunities and meet the challenges.

Features of financial and legal regulation of public relations in the context of mitigating economic consequences in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 670-677
Author(s):  
Anna V. Savina
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Impact

The relevance of this study is due to the fact that in the modern world, including Russian, law and order, a special mechanism of “anti-crisis regulation” is being transformed, which in the context of a pandemic has be-come heterogeneous, with a permanent convergence of the norms of private and public law. Proceeding from the fact that anti-crisis regulation is pre-dominantly part of the state policy in a particular area, it is proposed to un-derstand that the epidemiological crisis itself is the starting point for other crisis phenomena (financial, demographic and other crises), the prevention or reduction of the impact of which is the most important task of any state. We consider the relevant aspects of crisis management. We analyze the catego-ries of countercyclical and pro-cyclical regulation, investigated the issues of fiscal policy. We pay attention to behavioral economics and the role of the state in its functioning. We note that the directions of spending budget funds in one way or another depend on the behavioral economy, which is not al-ways manageable. We provide an analysis of the concept of “choice architecture” in the aspect of a “push” decision-making mechanism, in which a special role is assigned to the state. We emphasize the growing importance of financial programs to support small businesses or citizens wishing to become individual entrepreneurs, self-employed.

scholarly journals Impact of Technological Changes on the Social Relations of Production. Steel and Automotive Industries

Paakat ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Lourdes Carolina Hernández Calvario ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
International Partnership ◽  
Social Events ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

This article aims to analyze the development of the productive forces as a central element to understand the modifications generated in the social relations of production, as shown by the technological changes incorporated into the production process in the automotive and steel industries in Mexico. This work was based on the most recent technological revolutions and the productive reconfiguration that results from them. In a second moment, the impact of technological advances on the social relations of production upon the aforementioned industries was analyzed. Through the dialectical method, elements were proposed to suggest that the technological development achieved in these cases has led to a production process that functions as a global chain of social events, which generate social products, where the trend in innovation is to implement cooperative practices of international partnership.

scholarly journals Analytical Photography: Portraiture, from the Index to the Epidermis

Leonardo ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Gonzales-Day
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Photographic Images ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Portable Camera ◽  
The Impact

The current abundance of scholarship concerning the technological development of photography has coexisted with a proportionate absence of recent critical analysis of photographic images. Given photography's long-standing embrace of technological advances, even predating the portable camera or roll film, this article revisits some early uses of scientific photography in order to clarify the impact of digital technology on contempo-rary photographic practice. The author uses scientific photogra-phy and photographic archives as the groundwork for photo-graphic experiments into what might be called analytical photography. The essay con-cludes with a reconsideration of the photographic portrait.

scholarly journals Development of foreign economic activity of ukrainian enterprises under conditions of economic globalization

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

In today’s globalized world, international trade, which covers the totality of foreign trade of all countries of the world, is a powerful force of economic development. The economic development of any country is impossible without its active participation in trade relations with other countries of the world. The rapid formation of the global economy contributes to the emergence of a number of opportunities for both large and small businesses. The article considers both advantages and disadvantages of globalization of economy. The article claims that in the current conditions of technological development and rapid integration processes, it is necessary to take into account results of globalization, while forming an effective state policy regarding the realization of foreign trade activities. The country participating in the system of global economic relations should have competitive advantages and improve its competitiveness in order to avoid the impact of negative factors. The article reveals the current state of the development of Ukraine’s foreign trade with other countries of the world, as well as explores Ukraine’s exports and imports structure. Despite a significant increase in the cost of exporting goods and services to the world, Ukraine is still an import-dependent country. The currency liberalization contributed to the reduction of prejudice from foreign counterparties, investors and banks, which allowed Ukrainian enterprises to operate fully in foreign markets, which resulted in a significant reduction in the negative foreign trade balance of the country. The new currency law has provided Ukraine with a base for free capital movement, which brought the country closer to European standards. However, despite significant easing in foreign exchange regulation, Ukrainian manufacturers continue to face a number of both internal and external obstacles to boosting their export activity. The article defines further ways of development of foreign economic activity of domestic enterprises in the conditions of globalization. It has been established that the stable development of the economy is possible only in the conditions of maintaining its openness and rapid development of foreign trade.

A three‐sector comparative study of the impact of taxation on small and medium enterprises

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M.P. Venter ◽  
B. de Clercq
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Regulatory Environment ◽  
National Strategy ◽  
Business Services ◽  
Business Decisions ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Thabo Mbeki

In his 2006 State of the Nation Address, President Thabo Mbeki indicated that the regulatory environment for small businesses would be improved, as this sector plays an important role in the national strategy for accelerated and shared growth. The aim of this study is to determine whether the size of an enterprise and the sector in which the enterprise operates has an impact on how the enterprise’s tax responsibilities are administered and managed. A survey was conducted amongst small and medium enterprises in the manufacturing, retail and business services sectors in Gauteng. The study focused on Gauteng because the majority of small, medium and microenterprises (SMMEs) are located in this province. The study found that most small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the business services sector outsource their tax responsibilities because they lack the time needed to manage these functions. It was also found that the size and type of organisation affects the role taxation inputs play in business decisions. The SMEs included in the survey preferred a reduction in interest and penalties charged as a taxation relief measure.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurship in Cultural and Creative Industries as a Factor Promoting Regional Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaspars Steinbergs ◽  
◽  
Renate Cane ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Local Development ◽  
National Policy ◽  
National Development ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Policy Planning ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Impact

The term creative industries began to be used in the second half of the nineties of last century, and since then it has started to appear in scientific research as well in the policy planning documents and processes in Latvia. For example, The Sustainable Development Strategy of Latvia until 2030 emphasizes both the importance of creative industries and the connection with the formation of a creative urban environment. The National Development Plan of Latvia for 2021-2027 highlights the importance of development of small businesses, including in creative industries and tourism in economically weaker regions. However, the development of creative industries entrepreneurship in the regions of Latvia is a little-studied topic so far. Previous studies on creative industries focus on their development in Riga, on their role in economic development and on general conceptual ideas. Aim of this study is to analyse activities set in the municipal planning documents to promote the development of creative industries and to assess the impact of creative industries entrepreneurship on regional development. The research is based on the analysis of the regional policy planning documents and on interviews with representatives of creative industries and with regional development planners. Research results showed that, while national policy planning documents stress that creative industries have an important role in the regional development, only a small number of local development plans highlight this role. Moreover, these documents are not always properly and effectively implemented. On the other hand, case studies showed that appropriate initiatives foster entrepreneurship in creative industries and they can play a key role in regional development.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF ATTRACTIVENESS OF ADS AND CUSTOMER COMMENTS AGAINST TO PURCHASE DECISION OF CUSTOMER PRODUCTS ON THE USER OF ONLINE SHOP APPLICATIONS IN THE CITY OF MEDAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Muhammad Agung Anggoro ◽  
Mas Intan Purba
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
Business Services ◽  
Online Application ◽  
The Public ◽  
Online Stores ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Fierce Competition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The increasingly fierce competition of online shop products spurred online shop application providers to undertake business development strategy steps by strengthening digital business services and various service innovations to meet customer needs. This can be seen from the public interest in shopping at online stores because prices are more competitive, there is no need to bother coming directly to the store, and the goods purchased will be delivered to the buyers’ place. The population in this study that used mobile shop online application services was 105,551 respondents with the formula Slovin obtained a sample size of 100 respondents. The research data analysis method is quantitative descriptive statistical analysis and multiple regression analysis. The result of this research is that the attractiveness of advertisements and customer comments together have a positive and significant effect in increasing customer product purchasing decisions for users of online shop applications in Medan, while partially the attractiveness of advertising (X1) only has a positive and significant effect, but the variables customer comments (X2) have no positive effect in improving customer product purchasing decisions on users of online shop applications in the city of Medan.  Persaingan produk online shop yang semakin ketat memacu perusahaan penyedia aplikasi online shop untuk melakukan langkah strategi pengembangan usaha dengan perkuatan layanan bisnis digital serta beragam inovasi layanan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pelanggan. Hal tersebut terlihat dari ketertarikan masyarakat berbelanja di toko online dikarenakan harga yang lebih kompetitif, tidak perlu ribet datang langsung ke toko, dan barang yang dibeli akan diantar ke tempat pembeli. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yang menggunakan layanan mobile aplikasi online shop sebanyak 105.551 responden dengan rumus slovin diperoleh jumlah sampel sebanyak 100 responden. Metode analisis data penelitian adalah analisis statistik deskriptif kuantitatif dan analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian diperoleh daya tarik iklan dan komentar pelanggan secara bersama-sama berpengaruh positif dan signifikan dalam meningkatkan keputusan pembelian produk pelanggan pada pengguna aplikasi online shop di Kota Medan, sedangkan secara parsial variabel daya tarik iklan (X1) saja yang berpengaruh positif dan signifikan tetapi variabel komentar pelanggan (X2) tidak berpengaruh positif dalam meningkatkan keputusan pembelian produk pelanggan pada pengguna aplikasi online shop di Kota Medan.

Secular stagnation in the modern world

2018 ◽  
pp. 125-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Drobyshevsky ◽  
P. V. Trunin ◽  
A. V. Bozhechkova
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Japanese Economy ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Destruction Process ◽  
Secular Stagnation ◽  
The Impact

The paper studies the factors of secular stagnation. Key factors of long-term slowdown in economic growth include the slowdown of technological development, aging population, human capital accumulation limits, high public debt, creative destruction process violation etc. The authors analyze key theoretical aspects of long-term stagnation and study the impact of these factors on Japanies economy. The authors conclude that most of the factors have significant influence on the Japanese economy for recent decades, but they cannot explain all dynamics. For Russia, on the contrary, we do not see any grounds for considering the decline in the economy since 2013 as an episode of secular stagnation.

The Role of Threat and Economic Uncertainty in Support for Scottish Independence

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kopasker
Keyword(s):  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Constitutional Change ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Economic Expectations ◽  
Scottish Independence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Levels Of Support

Existing research has consistently shown that perceptions of the potential economic consequences of Scottish independence are vital to levels of support for constitutional change. This paper attempts to investigate the mechanism by which expectations of the economic consequences of independence are formed. A hypothesised causal micro-level mechanism is tested that relates constitutional preferences to the existing skill investments of the individual. Evidence is presented that larger skill investments are associated with a greater likelihood of perceiving economic threats from independence. Additionally, greater perceived threat results in lower support for independence. The impact of uncertainty on both positive and negative economic expectations is also examined. While uncertainty has little effect on negative expectations, it significantly reduces the likelihood of those with positive expectations supporting independence. Overall, it appears that a general economy-wide threat is most significant, and it is conjectured that this stems a lack of information on macroeconomic governance credentials.

Assessment of small businesses activities in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Igor Ponomarenko ◽  
Kateryna Volovnenko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Micro Enterprises

The subject of the research is a set of approaches to the statistical analysis ofthe activities of small business entities in Ukraine, including micro-enterprises. The purpose of writing this article is to study of the features of functioningof small business entities in Ukraine. Methodology. The research methodology isto use a system-structural and comparative analysis (to study the change in thenumber of small enterprises by major components); monographic (when studyingmethods of statistical analysis of small businesses); economic analysis (when assessing the impact of small business entities on socio-economic phenomena andprocesses in Ukraine). The scientific novelty consists to determine the features ofthe functioning of small businesses in Ukraine in modern conditions. The influenceof the activities of the main socio-economic and political indicators on the activities of small enterprises in recent periods of time has been identified. It has beenestablished that there is flexibility in the development of strategies by small businesses in conditions of significant competition, which makes it possible to quicklyrespond to changing situations in specific markets. Conclusions. The use of acomprehensive statistical analysis of small businesses functioning in Ukraine willallow government agencies to develop a set of measures to optimize the activitiesof these enterprises, which ultimately will positively affect the strengthening oftheir competitiveness and will contribute to the growth of the national economicsystem.

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