scholarly journals Decision letter: Functional integration of a serotonergic neuron in the Drosophila antennal lobe

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antennal Lobe ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Serotonergic Neuron

Development of an identified serotonergic neuron in the antennal lobe of the moth and effects of reduction in serotonin during construction of olfactory glomeruli

1995 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne A. Oland ◽  
Sheila R. Kirschenbaum ◽  
Wendy M. Pott ◽  
Alison R. Mercer ◽  
Leslie P. Tolbert
Keyword(s):  
Antennal Lobe ◽  
Serotonergic Neuron ◽  
Olfactory Glomeruli

scholarly journals The wiring logic of an identified serotonergic neuron that spans sensory networks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaylynn E. Coates ◽  
Steven A. Calle-Schuler ◽  
Levi M. Helmick ◽  
Victoria L. Knotts ◽  
Brennah N. Martik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Synaptic Input ◽  
Antennal Lobe ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Serotonergic Neuron ◽  
Local Interneuron ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
First Order ◽  
Specific Input

AbstractSerotonergic neurons modulate diverse physiological and behavioral processes in a context-dependent manner, based on their complex connectivity. However, their connectivity has not been comprehensively explored at a single-cell resolution. Using a whole-brain EM dataset we determined the wiring logic of a broadly projecting serotonergic neuron (the “CSDn”) in Drosophila. Within the antennal lobe (AL; first-order olfactory region), the CSDn receives glomerulus-specific input and preferentially targets distinct local interneuron subtypes. Furthermore, the wiring logic of the CSDn differs between olfactory regions. The CSDn innervates the AL and lateral horn (LH), yet does not maintain the same synaptic relationship with individual projection neurons that also span both regions. Consistent with this, the CSDn has more distributed connectivity in the LH relative to the AL, preferentially synapsing with principal neuron types based on presumptive transmitter content. Lastly, we identify protocerebral neurons that provide abundant synaptic input to the CSDn. Our study demonstrates how an individual modulatory neuron can interact with local networks and integrate input from non-olfactory sources.

scholarly journals Functional integration of a serotonergic neuron in the Drosophila antennal lobe

eLife ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaonan Zhang ◽  
Quentin Gaudry
Keyword(s):  
Antennal Lobe ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Serotonergic Neurons ◽  
Olfactory Responses ◽  
Local Circuits ◽  
Opposing Effects ◽  
Serotonergic Modulation

Serotonin plays a critical role in regulating many behaviors that rely on olfaction and recently there has been great effort in determining how this molecule functions in vivo. However, it remains unknown how serotonergic neurons that innervate the first olfactory relay respond to odor stimulation and how they integrate synaptically into local circuits. We examined the sole pair of serotonergic neurons that innervates the Drosophila antennal lobe (the first olfactory relay) to characterize their physiology, connectivity, and contribution to pheromone processing. We report that nearly all odors inhibit these cells, likely through connections made reciprocally within the antennal lobe. Pharmacological and immunohistochemical analyses reveal that these neurons likely release acetylcholine in addition to serotonin and that exogenous and endogenous serotonin have opposing effects on olfactory responses. Finally, we show that activation of the entire serotonergic network, as opposed to only activation of those fibers innervating the antennal lobe, may be required for persistent serotonergic modulation of pheromone responses in the antennal lobe.

scholarly journals Regulation of modulatory cell activity across olfactory structures in Drosophila melanogaster

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaonan Zhang ◽  
Kaylynn Coates ◽  
Andrew Dacks ◽  
Cengiz Gunay ◽  
J. Scott Lauritzen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Antennal Lobe ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Opposite Polarity ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Serotonergic Neuron ◽  
Local Interactions ◽  
Nervous Systems ◽  
Lateral Horn

AbstractAll centralized nervous systems possess modulatory neurons that arborize broadly across multiple brain regions. Such modulatory systems are critical for proper sensory, motor, and cognitive processing. How single modulatory neurons integrate into circuits within their target destination remains largely unexplored due to difficulties in both labeling individual cells and imaging across distal parts of the CNS. Here, we take advantage of an identified modulatory neuron in Drosophila that arborizes in multiple olfactory neuropils. We demonstrate that this serotonergic neuron has opposing odor responses in its neurites of the antennal lobe and lateral horn, first and second order olfactory neuropils respectively. Specifically, processes of this neuron in the antennal lobe have responses that are inhibitory and odor-independent, while lateral horn responses are excitatory and odor-specific. The results show that widespread modulatory neurons may not function purely as integrate-and-fire cells, but rather their transmitter release is locally regulated based on neuropil. As nearly all vertebrate and invertebrate neurons are subject to synaptic inputs along their dendro-axonic axis, it is likely that our findings generalize across phylogeny and other broadly-projecting modulatory systems.SignificanceThe centrifugal innervation of neuronal circuits is ubiquitous across centralized nervous systems. Such inputs often arise from modulatory neurons that arborize broadly throughout the brain. How information is integrated in such cells and how release from their distant terminals is regulated remains largely unknown. We show that a serotonergic neuron that innervates multiple stages of odor processing in Drosophila has distinct activity throughout its neurites, including opposite polarity responses in first and second order olfactory neuropils. Disparate activity arises from local interactions within each target region. Our results show that such neurons exhibit dendritic computation rather than somatic integration alone, and that examining local interactions at release sites is critical for understanding centrifugal innervation.

PHAX-SCAN: Functional integration of a Scanning Electron Microscope and an energy-dispersive x-ray analyser

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 56-57
Author(s):  
Marc H. Peeters ◽  
Max T. Otten
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Speed Analysis ◽  
Scanning Electron

Over the past decades, the combination of energy-dispersive analysis of X-rays and scanning electron microscopy has proved to be a powerful tool for fast and reliable elemental characterization of a large variety of specimens. The technique has evolved rapidly from a purely qualitative characterization method to a reliable quantitative way of analysis. In the last 5 years, an increasing need for automation is observed, whereby energy-dispersive analysers control the beam and stage movement of the scanning electron microscope in order to collect digital X-ray images and perform unattended point analysis over multiple locations.The Philips High-speed Analysis of X-rays system (PHAX-Scan) makes use of the high performance dual-processor structure of the EDAX PV9900 analyser and the databus structure of the Philips series 500 scanning electron microscope to provide a highly automated, user-friendly and extremely fast microanalysis system. The software that runs on the hardware described above was specifically designed to provide the ultimate attainable speed on the system.

Site-Specific Protein Covalent Attachment to Nanotubes and Its Electronic Impact on Single Molecule Function

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Beachey ◽  
Harley Worthy ◽  
William David Jamieson ◽  
Suzanne Thomas ◽  
Benjamin Bowen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Attachment Site ◽  
Covalent Attachment ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Functional Coupling ◽  
Phenyl Azide ◽  
Electronic Impact ◽  
Protein Attachment

<p>Functional integration of proteins with carbon-based nanomaterials such as nanotubes holds great promise in emerging electronic and optoelectronic applications. Control over protein attachment poses a major challenge for consistent and useful device fabrication, especially when utilizing single/few molecule properties. Here, we exploit genetically encoded phenyl azide photochemistry to define the direct covalent attachment of three different proteins, including the fluorescent protein GFP, to carbon nanotube side walls. Single molecule fluorescence revealed that on attachment to SWCNTs GFP’s fluorescence changed in terms of intensity and improved resistance to photobleaching; essentially GFP is fluorescent for much longer on attachment. The site of attachment proved important in terms of electronic impact on GFP function, with the attachment site furthest from the functional center having the larger effect on fluorescence. Our approach provides a versatile and general method for generating intimate protein-CNT hybrid bioconjugates. It can be potentially applied easily to any protein of choice; attachment position and thus interface characteristics with the CNT can easily be changed by simply placing the phenyl azide chemistry at different residues by gene mutagenesis. Thus, our approach will allow consistent construction and modulate functional coupling through changing the protein attachment position.</p>

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