scholarly journals Sex and self defense

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton T Drott

The fungus Aspergillus nidulans produces secondary metabolites during sexual development to protect itself from predators.

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Tessalonica Dajoh ◽  
Robert A Bara ◽  
Esther Angkouw ◽  
Medy Ompi ◽  
Rosita A Lintang ◽  
...  

Phyllidiella nigra is an organism that is suspected to have secondary metabolites because their ability to develop its self defense system by camouflage and using chemical compounds derived from their nature diet as deterrent against their predators. The purpose of this study was to isolate symbiotic bacterial derived from P. nigra, extracted and followed by, the antibacterial assays against Escherichia coli and Bacillus megaterium as well as the anti-UV assay. The results showed that the five isolates tested had an antibacterial activity with the highest average inhibition zone against E. coli DSM 498 bacteria, isolate 1 (14.67 mm), isolate 5 (14 mm), and against B. Megaterium DSM 32T bacteria, isolate 3 (13.33 mm). The three isolates which had the highest inhibition zone and P. nigra extract were tested for anti-UV assay using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The results obtained isolate 3 has absorption of UV-A with the UV absorbtion maximum at λ 340 nm and P. nigra extract has absorption on UV-B radiation with UV absorption maximum at λ 290 nm. Key words: Nudibranchia, Bacteria, Anti-bacteial, Anti-UV Phyllidiella nigra merupakan organisme yang diduga memiliki metabolit sekunder karena mampu mengembangkan sistem pertahanan dirinya dengan cara kamuflase dan menggunakan senyawa kimia sebagai racun yang didapat dari makanannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mendapatkan isolat bakteri yang bersimbiosis dengan P. nigra, mendapatkan ekstrak dari baktri simbion, dan menguji antibakteri dan anti-UV ekstrak etil aseta bakteri simbion dengan metode difusi agar terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dan Bacillus megaterium. Hasil penelitian didapatkan kelima isolat yang diuji memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dengan rerata zona hambat tertinggi terhadap bakteri E. coli DSM 498 yaitu isolat 1 (14,67 mm), isolat 5 (14 mm), dan terhadap baktri B. megaterium DSM 32T yaitu isolat 3 (13,33 mm). Ketiga isolat yang memiliki zona hambat tertinggi dan ekstrak P. nigra diujikan anti-UV menggunakan alat UV-Vis Spektrofotometer. Hasil yang didapat isolat 3 memiliki serapan terhadap radiasi sinar UV-A dengan puncak tertinggi pada λ 340 nm dan ekstrak P. nigra memiliki serapan terhadap radiasi sinar UV-B dengan puncak tertinggi berada pada λ 290 nm. Kata kunci: Nudibranchia, Bacteria, Anti-bacteial, Anti-UV


2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sei-Jin Lee ◽  
Dong-Min Han ◽  
Keon-Sang Chae ◽  
Dae-Hyuk Kim ◽  
Tae-Boong Uhm ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perng-Kuang Chang ◽  
Leslie L. Scharfenstein ◽  
Robert W. Li ◽  
Natalia Arroyo-Manzanares ◽  
Sarah De Saeger ◽  
...  

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 418-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Cheol Jun ◽  
Sei-Jin Lee ◽  
Hyun-Joo Park ◽  
Ji-Young Kang ◽  
Young-Eun Leem ◽  
...  

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shizhu Zhang ◽  
Hailin Zheng ◽  
Nanbiao Long ◽  
Natalia Carbó ◽  
Peiying Chen ◽  
...  

ABSTRACTCalcium-mediated signaling pathways are widely employed in eukaryotes and are implicated in the regulation of diverse biological processes. InSaccharomyces cerevisiae, at least two different calcium uptake systems have been identified: the high-affinity calcium influx system (HACS) and the low-affinity calcium influx system (LACS). Compared to the HACS, the LACS in fungi is not well known. In this study, FigA, a homolog of the LACS member Fig1 fromS. cerevisiae, was functionally characterized in the filamentous fungusAspergillus nidulans. Loss offigAresulted in retardant hyphal growth and a sharp reduction of conidial production. Most importantly, FigA is essential for the homothallic mating (self-fertilization) process; further, FigA is required for heterothallic mating (outcrossing) in the absence of HACSmidA. Interestingly, in afigAdeletion mutant, adding extracellular Ca2+rescued the hyphal growth defects but could not restore asexual and sexual reproduction. Furthermore, quantitative PCR results revealed thatfigAdeletion sharply decreased the expression ofbrlAandnsdD, which are known as key regulators during asexual and sexual development, respectively. In addition, green fluorescent protein (GFP) tagging at the C terminus of FigA (FigA::GFP) showed that FigA localized to the center of the septum in mature hyphal cells, to the location between vesicles and metulae, and between the junctions of metulae and phialides in conidiophores. Thus, our findings suggest that FigA, apart from being a member of a calcium uptake system inA. nidulans, may play multiple unexplored roles during hyphal growth and asexual and sexual development.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. e0216094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eszter Bokor ◽  
Judit Ámon ◽  
Kabichandra Keisham ◽  
Zoltán Karácsony ◽  
Csaba Vágvölgyi ◽  
...  

2000 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Hoffmann ◽  
Christoph Wanke ◽  
S. Kirsten LaPaglia ◽  
Gerhard H. Braus

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