scholarly journals Den norske videobutikken: 1979–2017

Nordlit ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Øfsti
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Local Council ◽  
Home Entertainment ◽  
Local Newspapers ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Monopoly ◽  
Trade Magazines ◽  
Selection Of

De første norske videobutikkene åpnet dørene i 1979 og de siste stengte i 2017. I løpet av denne tidsperioden rakk de å bryte NRKs monopol på film og tv-serier i hjemmet, de ble utskjelt, de ble en av de viktigste kulturinstitusjonene i landet og de tilbød et relativt stort utvalg i film. Ved å studere bransjeblader, annonser, lokalaviser og kommunale arkiver tegner denne artikkelen et bilde av de norske videobutikkenes historie på nasjonalt plan og utdyper dette med en lokal case.The first Norwegian video-stores opened its doors in 1979 and the last ones closed in 2017. During this time, they were the first to break the state monopoly on filmed home entertainment. The video-stores became notorious, but they also established themselves as some of the most important cultural institutions in the country, with a relatively wide selection of films to offer customers. By studying trade magazines, advertisements, local newspapers and local council archives, this article traces the history of the Norwegian video-stores on a national level and, through the use of one case example, on a local level.

scholarly journals Prenatal Diagnosis in France: Between Regulation of Practices and Professional Autonomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Ville
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Pregnancy Termination ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Professional Autonomy ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Official Policy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Scientific Framework

Prenatal diagnosis (PND) was introduced in France in the 1970s on the initiative of medical researchers and clinicians. For many years the regulation of practices was self-imposed, decentralised and idiosyncratic. The advent of ‘therapeutic modernity’ in the 1990s gave rise to an ethical, legal and scientific framework designed to homogenise PND at a national level, with the creation of multidisciplinary centres (CPDPN) and theAgence de la biomédecine. This article first recovers the history of PND in France. It then compares the activities of two CPDPNs, using ethnographic fieldwork and by analysing national quantitative data compiled by theAgence. It argues that the official policy of nationally homogeneous practices is not born out in practice, at the local level. This lack of homogeneity is most apparent in the number of authorisations for pregnancy termination due to foetal malformation, which varies considerably from one centre to another. Rooted in local culture, this variation relates to organisational methods, decision-making processes and variable levels of tolerance towards the risk of disability. Foetal medicine practitioners, thus, maintain a certain amount of autonomy that is collective rather than individual and that is reflected in the particular ‘identity’ of a given centre.

scholarly journals Una historia de la enseñanza de la natación en la Educación Física vista a través de los currículos reales de los profesores de campo en Francia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Auvray
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Education Curriculum ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Antecedentes: En educación fïsica, como en otras materias, son conocidos y aplicados los estudios de personas de relevancia nacional e internacional. Sin embargo, los docentes anónimos, que en definitiva son los que aplican el currículo y le dan un carácter real, tienen mucho que decir en este sentido. La inclusión de la natación dentro de la materia de educación física ha sufrido una gran evolución a lo largo de los años, y son los profesores de campo los que más tienen que aportar al respecto.Objetivos: El propósito de este estudio fue dar cuenta de una investigación histórica sobre la evolución, según una población de profesores de educación física anónimos, de prácticas educativas escolares relacionadas con la natación en Educación Secundaria (Bachillerato, Educación Secundaria Obligatoria) durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX.Método: Se ha llevado a cabo una encuesta por cuestionario semiestructurado, completado con los testimonios escritos, y los registrosimpresos privados y semi-oficiales, donde han participado un total de 158 profesores de diferentes niveles educativos pertenecientes a 25 academinas educativas.Resultados: Se desprende de este estudio una periodización constituida en tres periodos: una natación utilitaria (1945-1959), una natación a la sombra de la natación deportiva federativa (1960-1986), y una natación que gira sobre ella misma (1987-2000). Además, a nivel local, existe una diversidad relativa de currículos reales, que sin embargo siguen estando basados en los currículos nacionales formales de educación física.Conclusiones: Concretamente, la disparidad curricular (real-oficial) parece estar relacionada con un conjunto de variables que dependen a nivel macro de los diferentes recorridos biográficos personales y profesionales de los profesores de campo; a nivel meso a los contextos educativos locales; y a nivel micro a la evolución en la identidad de la educación física y discursos sobre la pedagogía y la didáctica de la natación. Esta disparidad real nos hace cuestionarnos la democratización efectiva de la educación física a nivel nacional frente al lema de la República francesa "libertad, igualdad y fraternidad”.Palabras clave: Natación, historia, educación física y deportiva, curriculum y prácticas pedagógicas.Title: A history of the teaching of swimming in France in physical education seen through the real curricules of field teachersAbstractBackground: In physical education as in other subjects, the studies of people of national and international relevance are known and applied.However, anonymous teachers, who are ultimately those who apply the curriculum and give it a real character, have much to say in thisregard. The inclusion of swimming within the subject of physical education has undergone a great evolution over the years, and fieldteachers are the ones who have to contribute the most.Objectives: The purpose of this study is to account for a historical research on the evolution, according to a population of anonymousphysical education teachers, of school educational practices related to swimming in Secondary Education (Baccalaureate, CompulsorySecondary Education) in 25 academies, during the second half of the 20th century.Method: A survey was carried out by semi-structured questionnaire, completed with written testimonies, and private and semi-officialprinted records, where a total of 158 teachers of different educational levels belonging to 25 educational academinas participated.Results: Results: it is clear from this study a periodization constituted in three periods: a swimming of survival (1945-1959), a swimming inthe shadow of the federative sports swimming (1960-1986), and a swimming that turns on itself (1987 -2000). In addition, at the local level,there is a relative diversity of real curricula, which nonetheless continue to be based on formal national physical education curricula.Conclusions: Specifically, the curricular disparity (real-official) seems to be related to a set of variables that depend at the macro level of thedifferent personal and professional biographical paths of the field teachers; at a meso level to local educational contexts; and at the microlevel, the evolution in the identity of Physical Education and discourses on pedagogy and the didactic of swimming. This real disparity makesus question the effective democratization of physical education at the national level against the motto of the French Republic "freedom,equality and fraternity".Keywords: Swimming, history, physical and sports education, curriculum and pedagogical practices.Titulo: Uma história do ensino da natação na França na educação física visto através dos curriculos reais de professores de campoResumoAntecedentes: Na educação física, como em outros assuntos, são conhecidos e aplicados os estudos de pessoas de relevância nacional einternacional. No entanto, professores anônimos, que são, finalmente, aqueles que aplicam o currículo e dão um caráter real, têm muito adizer a este respeito. A inclusão da natação no sujeito da educação física sofreu uma ótima evolução ao longo dos anos, e professores decampo são os que têm de contribuir mais.Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo é explicar uma pesquisa histórica sobre a evolução, de acordo com uma população de professoresanônimos de educação física, de práticas educacionais escolares relacionadas à natação em Ensino Secundário (Bacharelado em EnsinoSecundário Obrigatório) em 25 academias, durante a segunda metade do século XX.Método: uma pesquisa foi realizada por questionário semi-estruturado, completo com testemunhos escritos e registros impressos privadose semi-oficiais, onde participaram 158 professores de diferentes níveis educacionais pertencentes a 25 academias educacionais.Resultados: é claro a partir deste estudo uma periodização constituída em três períodos: um nado de sobrevivência (1945-1959), umanatação à sombra da natação desportiva federativa (1960-1986) e uma natação que gira sobre si mesma (1987 -2000). Além disso, a nívellocal, há uma diversidade relativa de currículos reais, que, no entanto, continuam a ser baseados em currículos nacionais formais deeducação física.Conclusões: especificamente, a disparidade curricular (real-oficial) parece estar relacionada a um conjunto de variáveis que dependem donível macro dos diferentes caminhos biográficos pessoais e profissionais dos professores de campo; em um nível meso para contextoseducacionais locais; e no nível micro, a evolução na identidade da Educação Física e os discursos sobre pedagogia e a didática da natação.Essa disparidade real nos faz questionar a democratização efetiva da educação física a nível nacional diante do lema da República Francesa"liberdade, igualdade e fraternidade".Palavras-chave: natação, história, educação física e esportiva, currículo e práticas pedagógicas.

THE FALL OF SAWAHLUNTO (Studi tentang Pengaruh Gejolak Ekonomi-Politik Global terhadap Perkembangan sebuah Kota Lokal, 1930-1940an)

2018 ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
Dedi Arsa
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Pacific War ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Political Turmoil ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
The City

Sawahlunto is a mining town that enjoyed the glory due to coal exploitation by the Dutch colonial government which began in the 1880s. But in the early 1930s to the end of the 1940s, triggered by successive world economic crises (malaise) and various political upheavals during and some time after the Pacific War, this city has experienced a number of long downturns. This paper looks at the effect of economic decline and political turmoil on a city, in this case the City of Sawahlunto as a mining city. Using modern historical methods (historiography, interpretation, interpretation and writing), with an approach to the history of the city, this article reveals several things: First, in the 1930s, due to the world's crisis, coal production was dimming, this caused no new development of the city. Second, in 1942 the Pacific War took place, Japan ruled over the mining company, and Sawahlunto became worse off. Third, after Indonesia gained its independence until the end of the 1960s, Sawalunto did not receive significant improvements, except for a few rebuilt infrastructures. Thus, economic sluggishness and political riot at the global [and national] level have had a direct influence on a city at the local level.

Taiwanese Distant-Water Fisheries in Southeast Asia, 1936-1977

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry T. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
World War ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

This study provides a detailed study of the fishing nation of Taiwan at a regional and local level in order to address the lack of academic research into the Taiwanese fishing industry in comparison to other nations. Over three stages of analysis it identifies the reasons for the rise and decline of Taiwanese distant-water fisheries. The first stage examines the broader historical background, government policy, and birth of the Taiwanese fishing industry. The second explores the industry at a national level, analysing the relationships between fishing, government, military, and ancillary industries. The third approach narrows the scope to individual fishing communities and explores the working lives and cultural habits of the fishermen. The major focus is the port of Kaohsiung and how it became the major supply base for the fishing industry. It explores Taiwan’s relationship with Japan and the postwar decline due to Japan’s losses in the Second World War. Finally, it considers the development of Taiwanese colonial and postwar fishing policies. It concludes that modern fishing techniques were introduced from Japan, and emboldened Taiwanese fisherman to risk entering remote and foreign waters. The author suggests that further research into Taiwan take would help scholars better understand the history of distant-fisheries. The journal consists of nine chapters, an introduction and conclusion, a list of interviewees, and a bibliography of English and Chinese-language sources.

THE RISE OF THE COFFEEHOUSE RECONSIDERED

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRIAN COWAN
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Survival ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Public House ◽  
History Of

This article offers a history of British seventeenth-century coffeehouse licensing which integrates an understanding of the micro-politics of coffeehouse regulation at the local level with an analysis of the high political debates about coffeehouses at the national level. The first section details the norms and practices of coffeehouse licensing and regulation by local magistrates at the county, city, and parish levels of government. The second section provides a detailed narrative of attempts by agents of the Restoration monarchy to regulate or indeed suppress the coffeehouses at the national level. The political survival of the new institution is attributed to the ways in which public house licensing both regulated and also legitimated the coffeehouse. The rise of the coffeehouse should not be understood as a simple triumph of a modern public sphere over absolutist state authority; it offers instead an example of the ways in which the early modern norms and practices of licensed privilege could frustrate the policy goals of the Restored monarchy.

scholarly journals Cultural institutions as carriers of the development of national identity and cultural tourism

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-261
Author(s):  
Jelena Vukčević ◽  
Dejan Antić
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Cultural Tourism ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Near Future

The aim of this research is to find a place of the cultural and historical heritage of a certain region in the territory of the Republic of Serbia in the citizens' conscience mental mapping and to detremine the tourist potential of that heritage. The research was conducted in a multidisciplinary way, through consulting legal acts, relevant literature of recent date and through field research through a survey (398 respondents). The territory of the Raška and Rasina administrative districts was chosen for the research for two reasons: it is the territory that represents the core of the Serbian medieval Nemanjić's and Lazarević' state. Also, it is a territory through which the route of the new highway, the Morava Corridor, will pass in the near future, and further research will be able to follow the economic and tourist development of this particular area after its construction. At the end of the paper, the heritage of Raška and Rasina administrative territory is defined and cultural institutions are emphasized as its bearers. Cultural institutions are regarded, not only as bearers of cultural development of local communities, but also as institutions that are main carriers and guardians of national identity and cultural tourism that can contribute to defining and the preservation of that national identity as well as the economic development and branding of a particular region. By processing the survey data and insight into the legal and strategic regulations of the Republic of Serbia, it was concluded that it is necessary, both at the national and local level, to work on the adoption and implementation of necessary, but lacking, strategies, acts, strengthening culture, cultural institutions and related cultural tourism, and in order to define the national identity of the Sernbian citizens through mapping key identity points. Such a national program can be implemented through cultural institutions, ie protection institutions (in the first place museums), which have been proven to continue to enjoy the trust of citizens. In addition, in today's time of instant culture, Instagram and Facebook history lessons, unverified data and mythologizing of certain historical figures and events, there is a need to strengthen cultural institutions that critically interpret history, culture and heritage, in ways that are adapted to the modern citizen of Serbia. Such institutions do not have as a target audience only organized school groups of children who are brought to local museums by their teachers, their target audience can and must be absolutely every citizen, and that means modernization of outdated permanent exhibitions, ie formation of new ones because there are cases of museum institutions which do not have permanent exhibitions. In that sense, considering the ways in which it is possible to bring the desired audience to museums and other cultural institutions, close cooperation of the museum professionals with local tourist administrations is needed, which are certainly interested in increasing the number of tourists and visitors, and for that, tourist attractions are necessary. In this paper, we have shown, through a survey of nearly 400 respondents, that among the citizens of Serbia there is a great interest in culture, history and heritage which have the potential of tourist attractions. In that sense, for the needs of the research, one administrative - geographical unit of the territory of Raska and Rasina administrative districts has been singled out, through which the route of the Moravian Corridor will pass in the near future. In order to place this territory on the Serbian and European market as a unique tourist destination, it is necessary to bind all existing cultural institutions, local and regional tourist administrations and tourist organizations as well as other interested stakeholders (caterers, hotels, private accommodation, small craftsmen…). One of the ways to connect all participants, ie stakeholders, in a certain territory is through the formation of a Destination Management Organization that would coordinate their work and serve as a link between the Ministries operating at the national level and local city and municipal authorities.

Authoritarian State, Dynamic Society, Failed Imperialist Power, 1878–1914

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Walser Smith
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Late Imperial ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Authoritarian State ◽  
Imperial Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
White Hegemony

This article focuses on statehood, society, and the failed imperialist powers that continued to rampage Germany in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. A social history of German politics is given in this article. It begins with analyzing the meaning of Kaiserreich and emphasizing its inner logic, and endogenous social and political processes. This article concentrates on the relationship between state, society, and democracy, and argues that the essential conflicts of the Kaiserreich involved the contradictory integration of a newly-formed, authoritarian national state, with an exceedingly dynamic and mobile society, into a competitive world of overseas empires in the process of imposing white hegemony on large parts of the globe. The interpretive emphasis, which is on the national level, rather than the state or local level, does not presuppose that endogenous structural elements brought about the crisis of the late imperial period.

Toward a History of Rights in the City at Night: Making and Breaking the Nightly Curfew in Nineteenth-Century Rio de Janeiro

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-134
Author(s):  
Amy Chazkel
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come ◽  
The City

AbstractDuring much of the nineteenth century, Rio de Janeiro, the Brazilian capital, was under a selective curfew that made it a crime to be in the city's public spaces after dark. The curfew bent normal rules and attenuated supposedly universal rights, overtly discriminating between people on the basis of class and race. Rules that legally defined the nighttime did not come from any national statute, or from newly independent Brazil's liberal Constitution (1824) or its Criminal Code (1830). Instead, Rio's nocturnal sociolegal world was the product of police edicts, on-the-ground policing practice, and city ordinances. It also emerged from the actions of people who used the darker hours for work, play, and resistance against oppression, especially members of the city's immense enslaved population and the growing number of free persons of African descent. In other words, this is a phenomenon of urban governance that allows, and indeed forces us to look beyond the nineteenth-century nation-state to understand the exercise of power at a local level. This article explores how the curfew established patterns and means of limiting the basic freedom to move about the city. It was at night when both the necessity and fragility of what jurists in Brazil called the “freedom to come and go” came into view. The daily transition between day and night enacted juridical changes that, although invisible at the national level, fundamentally shaped the social categories that determined people's places in society in ways that historical research has yet to explore.

De keizer en de adelaar : Materiële cultuur uit de tijd van Napoleon in Dordrecht, 1810-1813

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-498
Author(s):  
Marianne Eekhout
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Dutch Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Coats Of Arms

Abstract The emperor and the eagle. Material culture from Napoleon’s reign in Dordrecht, 1810-1813During Napoleon Bonaparte’s reign as king and emperor of the Netherlands (1810-1813) the Napoleonic eagle had a prominent place in Dutch society. Coats of arms were changed and civic symbols were altered to fit the new regime. But what happened to these symbols when Napoleon’s occupation was over? Were they destroyed, as in France, or was there a different way of looking at Napoleonic symbolism? On a national level the Netherlands attempted to forget the period 1810-1813. As this article argues, events were remembered very differently at a local level. As the case study of Dordrecht proves, objects related to the visit of Napoleon to the city in 1811, and to his reign in general, remained in circulation there. Private stories connected to 1811 secured a place for a seemingly negative episode in the history of Dordrecht. Moreover, the visit created feelings of civic and military pride in the same way that independence did in 1813.

scholarly journals „Młodości mej stolica”, czyli Kraków literacki i teatralny we wspomnieniach Tadeusza Kudlińskiego

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 173-191
Author(s):  
Joanna Dobrowolska
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Active Participant ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
The Third ◽  
Local Newspapers ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
Subjective View ◽  
Selection Of

In my article I reconstructed the picture of literary and theatrical Cracow in the years 1918– 1939, represented in the memorials Młodości mej stolica. Pamiętnik krakowianina z okresu między wojnami (the extended edition, 1984), written by Tadeusz Kudliński. The author was an active participant of the cultural life of this city and a bystander of the great social and historical changes after Poland regained its independence in 1918. I tried to confront his subjective view of the important artistic events and processes in the interwar period with the objectivism of historical studies. Kudliński presented a complete and detailed image but, naturally, he paid more attention only to some facts, disregarding or briefly mentioning others. I wanted to understand the motivation behind thematic selection of the material. In the first part of this article, I analysed Kudliński’s „gallery of the portraits” of Cracovian writers and theatre people, paying special attention to the applied genre convention and description method. In the second part, I presented some individual elements of the literary Cracow panorama: professional organisation and institutionalisation of the literary life, the functioning of the publishing market, the development of local newspapers and periodicals, the financial situation of the writers and the meaning of tradition and avant-garde. In the third part, I reconstructed the image of the theatrical Cracow and the author’s views on the philosophy and aesthetics of the theatre. My main objective was to show the great documentary value of Kudliński’s memories – due to their factographic credibility and variety of content Młodości mej stolica can be a valuable source of knowledge about the history of Cracow.

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