A New Laboratory

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-105
Author(s):  
Jacqueline L. Hazelton
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Safe Haven ◽  
Political Reforms ◽  
Regular Army

This chapter discusses how the British-led counterinsurgency campaign in Dhofar, Oman, which ran from 1965 to 1976, provides support for the compellence theory. The sultan of Oman, Sa'id bin Taimur, faced a popular nationalist and Communist insurgency in its remote southwestern corner. His British backers pressed reforms on him, which he resisted, but he welcomed the buildup of his military. In a palace coup in 1970, the sultan's son replaced him and gained additional British and regional support for the campaign. Accommodations took place in the form of empowering warlords and others, including insurgent defectors and tribal leaders. The British-formed militias led by these men were better able to fight the insurgents and gain information from the populace than was the regular army. Ultimately, the British-led military, the Sultan's Armed Forces (SAF), defeated the insurgent threat by controlling civilians to cut the flow of resources to insurgents, physically blocking the flow of resources from the insurgents' safe haven across the border with Yemen, and controlling the populace in the guerrilla-ridden mountains. Limited political reforms such as construction of clinics followed the military's success against the insurgency rather than causing insurgent defeat.

“In Fact, We Do Not Have a Regular Army Yet…” A Letter of the Commander of Kiev Region Armed Forces General A.M. Dragomirov to the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of South Russia General A.I. Denikin. 12 (25) December 1919

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 245-264
Author(s):  
Andrey Ganin
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Stanford University ◽  
The South ◽  
Moral Improvement ◽  
Policy And Strategy ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Regular Army ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Commander In Chief

The document published is a letter from the commander of the Kiev Region General Abram M. Dragomirov to the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces in the South of Russia General Anton I. Denikin of December, 1919. The source covers the events of the Civil War in Ukraine and the views of the leadership of the White Movement in the South of Russia on a number of issues of policy and strategy in Ukraine. The letter was found in the Hoover Archives of Stanford University in the USA in the collection of Lieutenant General Pavel A. Kusonsky. The document refers to the period when the white armies of the South of Russia after the bright success of the summer-autumn “March on Moscow” in 1919 were stopped by the Red Army and were forced to retreat. On the pages of the letter, Dragomirov describes in detail the depressing picture of the collapse of the white camp in the South of Russia and talks about how to improve the situation. Dragomirov saw the reasons for the failure of the White Movement such as, first of all, the lack of regular troops, the weakness of the officers, the lack of discipline and, as a consequence, the looting and pogroms. In this regard, Dragomirov was particularly concerned about the issue of moral improvement of the army. Part of the letter is devoted to the issues of the civil administration in the territories occupied by the White Army. Dragomirov offers both rational and frankly utopian measures. However, the thoughts of one of the closest Denikin’s companions about the reasons what had happened are interesting for understanding the essence of the Civil War and the worldview of the leadership of the anti-Bolshevik Camp.

Ethiopia's Tigray-federal standoff may escalate

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Prime Minister ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Political Reforms ◽  
Opposition Parties

Significance Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed has dismissed the possibility of a resort to force, but relations with the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) regional government are rapidly unravelling. Impacts In the absence of any major opposition parties, Tigray’s elections will not be genuinely competitive. Tensions with Tigray may undermine cohesion in the armed forces, threatening national stability. Continued confrontations could detract from and delay implementation of a range of broader economic and political reforms.

scholarly journals THE PROBLEM OF STUDYING THE MILITARY HISTORY OF THE HISTORY OF KAZAKHSTAN

2020 ◽  
pp. 568-574
Author(s):  
M.B. Magulov
Keyword(s):  
Military History ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Ruling Elite ◽  
Colonial Policy ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Regular Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Military ◽  
First World

This article examines the historical and military-historical research of Soviet, Kazakh and Russian scientists, the history of the creation of the armed forces on the territory of Kazakhstan, their formation and development. In Soviet historiography, the development of all national republics, especially their military history, was interpreted through the prism of the history of Russia or the Russian people. For many years, materials from this period (from the beginning of the 20th century until the collapse of the USSR) were not covered in the historical literature. For ideological reasons, the colonial policy of the Russian Empire was hushed up, especially during the First World War, when the "eastern aliens" were not drafted into the regular army, were used only in rear work, because the ruling elite did not trust them with weapons. This period has now begun to be viewed in a different way on the basis of new sources and began to acquire new content. At the same time, the author is guided by such a principle of scientific knowledge as historicism, consistency, comparatively comparable analysis and generalization.

scholarly journals ALL THE KING’S MAN»: MILITIA IN THE HISTORY OF ENGLAND DURING THE STUART AGE

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 90-97
Author(s):  
D.O. Gordienko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The Political ◽  
Glorious Revolution ◽  
Charles I ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Regular Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Glorious Revolution

The article presents the results of a study devoted to the history of the British armed forces in the “long” 17th century. The militia was the backbone of England's national military system. The author examines the aspects of the development of the institutions of the modern state during the reign of the Stuart dynasty, traces the process of the development of the militia and the formation of the regular army. He reveals the role of the militia in the political events of the Century of Revolutions: the reign of Charles I, the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, the Restoration age, the Glorious Revolution, and also gives a retrospective review of the eventsof the 18th century.

NEWS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 747-748
Keyword(s):  
Residency Training ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
General Hospitals ◽  
Surgeon General ◽  
Army Medical ◽  
Regular Army ◽  
Almost All

Pediatricians who served in the armed forces during the war will be interested to learn that pediatrics as a specialty has been given recognition by the Army Medical Corps. With the inauguration of residency training in army general hospitals it became apparent that pediatric experience was essential to adequate training in almost all specialties. One aspect of this program, important to all pediatricians, is that in the event of another mobilization the consultants who have been appointed to the Surgeon General in pediatrics will have a strong voice in the adequate utilization and assignment of pediatricians. Four regular army medical officers have been certified by the American Board of Pediatrics. They have been given the responsibility of directing pediatric training in army general hospitals.

GRIGORY CHERNYSHEV'S COMBAT SERVICE DURING THE AZOV CAMPAIGNS AND THE GREAT NORTHERN WAR (1695-1714)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-163
Author(s):  
D.L. TSYBAKOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
Regular Army ◽  
Analytical Processing ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Great Northern War

The purpose of the article is to study the period of the regular army formation during the reign of the Russian sovereign Peter the Great. It is noted that the specific circumstances of general G.Р. Chernyshev’s participation in the wars of Peter the Great’s era are very imperfectly covered in sources and scientific works, the last of which belongs to the 19-th century. Due to the systematization and analytical processing of the available information, the author supplements the episodes of the combat biography of one of the most capable representatives of the command staff of the Russian armed forces, who won victory to the country in the Great Northern War of 1700–1721.

scholarly journals The Common Soldier in Rebel Armies: An Introduction

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
Marjolein 't Hart
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Social History ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Social Setting ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Manual Labour ◽  
Regular Army ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Military

With the following two contributions the International Review of Social History hopes to focus scholarly attention on a rather neglected theme: the labour conditions of the ordinary foot soldiers in rebel armed forces. Although quite disparate in time, social setting, and method, both articles deal with the position and circumstances of common soldiers; both study these soldiers during a period of civil war; and both deal with rebel forces that were ultimately to emerge victorious and eventually be transformed into a regular army. Erik Swart's contribution on the soldiers in the army of the northern Netherlands is set in the late sixteenth century, just after the start of Holland's war of independence. Within a couple of years, the military underwent a comprehensive process of professionalization. The consequences for ordinary soldiers were far reaching: lower wages, fewer privileges, fewer rights, and an obligation to carry out digging work and other forms of manual labour. By contrast, their predecessors (the Landsknechts) had enjoyed a significantly higher status, with a system of organization not much different from that of nineteenth-century trade unions.

scholarly journals CENTRAL COUNCIL'S MILITARY POLICY IN THE SOVIET HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE 1920’s – 1980’s

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
S. Khalkhunov
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Military Policy ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
Mass Consciousness ◽  
Regular Army ◽  
Central Council ◽  
Party Press ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Military Units ◽  
Soviet Historiography

The article examines the degree of studying the Ukrainian Central Council military policy by the Soviet historians from the beginning of 1917 to April 1918: considered the level of clarifying the issue about Ukrainianization Russian army military units, the creation of Ukrainian armed forces on Naddniprianschyna. The periodization was determined and the peculiarities of Soviet historiography formation on the topic under study were revealed. According to the results of the study, in the majority of Soviet historians’ works, the question of the Ukrainianization of the Russian army military units was considered solely in the context of the revolutionization process of the Russian army military units. Volunteer Ukrainian regiments and free-wing detachments were assessed in the line of Soviet class-based methodology as "punitive", "bourgeois-nationalist" formations. There are no reliable figures on the number of Ukrainian troops. The uncritical use of the materials of the state archives, the Soviet and the party press necessitated the ignoring of historicism and objectivity principles. At the same time it should be noted that even under the ideological scrutiny and political censorship of the 1920s and 1980s, Soviet researchers A. Likholat, S. Korolivsky, M. Rubach, N. Suprunenko, P. Garchev, A. Senderskyi, M. Yakupov, A. Tkachuk cited numerous facts in his writings that testified to the significant importance of the national component of the revolutionary processes, the significant influence of the national factor on the mass consciousness of soldiers and officers - Ukrainians. Under these conditions the main reasons for the defeat of Ukrainian military policy become apparent: the Central Council failed to form capable regular units using the support of the soldiers in the first stage of the revolution; the delay in carrying out agrarian reform contributed to the growing influence of the Bolsheviks in the Ukrainian village; refusal to build a regular army had fatal consequences for Ukrainian statehood.

scholarly journals Defence of the Republic of Slovenia 1991–2004: from Individual to Collective Defence

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-100
Author(s):  
Damijan Guštin
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Single Type ◽  
National Service ◽  
Territorial Defence ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Regular Army ◽  
Arms Embargo ◽  
The Republic ◽  
National Defence

Following the successful defence of the country in June and July 1991, the Republic of Slovenia developed its partly unestablished defence system in the light of the instability of the country’s southern neighbourhood that continued to be ravaged by war for the next five years. As an independent country, Slovenia developed its system of national defence in the context of armed neutrality, but with a desire to join Nato and thus transition to a system of collective defence. The Territorial Defence was developed into a regular army and renamed as the Slovenian Armed Forces in 1994. In the circumstances dictated both by restrictions imposed by the UN (arms embargo) as well as the country’s own capacities and available material resources, Slovenia developed a single-type army based on national service and initial large numbers that were gradually reduced. In 1993, the country decided to pursue collective defence as a strategic goal and initiated efforts to join Nato. As Slovenia moved closer to Nato and as the security of its immediate environment changed, numerous reforms of the Army and of the defence sector loomed. During Slovenia's preparations to join Nato from 2000 to 2004, the country abandoned its national service system in 2003 and reformed the Slovenian Armed Forces into a professional army numbering about 7600 professional soldiers, NCOs and officers, as well as an additional limited voluntary reserve force.   

scholarly journals Western European Military Practices and Technologies in Ukraine in XVIII Century

2019 ◽  
pp. 183-202
Author(s):  
Oleksii Sokyrko
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Military Technology ◽  
Gradual Loss ◽  
Regular Army ◽  
Technical Innovations ◽  
Western European ◽  
Military Revolution ◽  
Military Innovations ◽  
Technical Capacity ◽  
The Military

The “Military Revolution”, which became a concentrated manifestation of Europe’s political leadership during the XVIIth – XVIIIth centuries, produced new realities in the military sphere: regular armies, subordinated and held by centralized states, unified arms and clothing, division into types of military forces, special drill and education for soldiers and officers. Leadership in military technology consisted of fortifications and artillery that developed in the direction of increasing technical capacity, unification and standardization of new weapons. New approaches to the organization of the armed forces changed the character of wars. If in the XVIIth century East and West of Europe had a kind of parity in their military achievements and technologies, then in the XVIIIth century it finally moved to the West. In this context, an important issue is how Western European achievements were spread in Ukraine, in particular the Cossack Hetmanate, whose military-political model was clearly structured for military purposes. The analysis of these influences and borrowings shows that they were heterogeneous in nature. In the Cossack army, elements of the regular troop duty and sentry service and even drill instructions were gradually being appeared. The Cossack starshyna (officials) faced with the practice of the regular army during the Russian imperial wars. However, all these influences were episodic and spontaneous, without changing the essence of the military institutions of the Hetmanate. In artillery, technical innovations were implemented more actively, but were hampered by lack of funding. In the fortification area, the control of which was completely transferred to imperial power, Western technologies and specialists, were used by metropolitan power in their own defensive projects. It is significant that the acquaintance and borrowing of any military innovations in the XVIIIth century occurred almost exclusively through Russian mediation. This tendency was fully in line with the gradual loss of the Hetmanate’s sovereignty, the destruction of its army.

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