scholarly journals Snare Performance for Sunken and Submerged Oil Detection and Monitoring

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P. VERFAILLIE ◽  
M.D. GLOEKLER ◽  
N.E. KINNER ◽  
E.A. BALCOM ◽  
C.A. BERNARDY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Current Velocity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Drag Forces ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Sunken Oil

ABSTRACT - 687127 Most oil spill response strategies, tactics, and equipment are designed to address floating oil. Previous research and historic events have shown that spilled oil can suspend (i.e., submerged oil) or sink (i.e., sunken oil) as a function of the oil's density relative to that of the receiving waters. Processes such as wave action or current velocity, sediment entrainment, and oil weathering (e.g., evaporation) may change the buoyancy of floating oils causing them to submerge or sink. Non-floating oil is more difficult and expensive to detect and poses significant challenges for containment and cleanup. Many existing detection techniques for non-floating oils rely on oleophilic sorbents, such as snare, which are weighted depending upon the oil's location in the water column and then towed behind a vessel in designated transects. Currently, there is no quantitative method to relate the amount of oil collected by snare to the amount of oil encountered during towing. In addition, the dynamics and interactions of towed snare and oil remain largely unknown. To address these knowledge gaps, various components of snare performance have been evaluated since 2016 by the Coastal Response Research Center (CRRC) at the University of New Hampshire (UNH). The research has evaluated: (1) the impacts of temperature, salinity, oil type, and tow velocity on adsorption and desorption of oil to snare, (2) snare dynamics and position in the water column as a function of tow velocity, (3) the impacts of material type and potential alternatives to snare (e.g., mosquito and fishing nets, plastic debris) for lesser developed countries (LDCs), and (4) the interaction of snare with sunken and submerged oil. The results determined: (1) adsorption of oil to snare was best for less viscous oils (No. 6 Fuel Oil) and lower water temperatures (5°C) and desorption was greatest at low temperatures (6°C) and low current velocities (< 1 knot), while salinity had no significant effect. (2) Tow depth for snare arrays decreased with increased velocity unless a vane was used. (3) Optimal spacing of snare on a chain is a function of tow and current velocity, and drag forces on the tow chain. (4) Snare alternatives with greatest potential for sunken oil detection in LDCs were nylon mosquito netting and plastic bags. The findings from this research improves understanding of the behavior of snare and how it interacts with sunken and submerged oil and can improve towing techniques used by oil spill responders, leading to more effective detection.

HOW A LOCAL NGO SUCCEEDED IN CLEANING UP THE LEBANON OIL SPILL, 2006

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Elsarji
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Local People ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Protective Gear ◽  
Local Ngo ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Sunken Oil

ABSTRACT The oil spill in Lebanon in August 2006 resulted in 15000 tons of heavy fuel oil covering more than 160 kilometers of beaches and sea floor of Lebanon. Bahr Loubnan is a Lebanese NGO who volunteered to undertake the clean-up work as a gift to the Lebanese people. Bahr Loubnan experts made a full assessment of the situation; divers explored the sea floor and located all patches of fuel that sank, as another team toured and assessed every affected beach. As a result, a detailed plan was prepared and submitted to the Lebanese government who gave its approval on Sept. 7th 2006. The clean-up crew cleaned any sunken oil found on the bottom of the sea and on two thirds of the affected beaches. The cost of the whole operation, including the cost of all needed equipment, protective gear, storage tanks, transportation and food, was less than half a million dollars. Local people who were hired to work in the clean-up operations were treated as partners in the project and not as “Laborers”. Fifty professional divers were assigned the job of cleaning the oil found on the sea floor. Sandy and pebbles beaches were cleaned by surf washing, which proved very successful. Powerful “Cachiers” pumping water at a pressure of 1450 bars were used to clean the oil off rocky beaches. The operation was a success. It would be impossible for anyone to distinguish between beaches that were polluted and those who were not.

scholarly journals The effect of vertical mixing on the horizontal drift of oil spills

Ocean Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1581-1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Röhrs ◽  
Knut-Frode Dagestad ◽  
Helene Asbjørnsen ◽  
Tor Nordam ◽  
Jørgen Skancke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Vertical Mixing ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Horizontal Transport ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Drift Behavior ◽  
A Chain

Abstract. Vertical and horizontal transport mechanisms for marine oil spills are investigated using numerical model simulations. To realistically resolve the 3-D development of a spill on the ocean surface and in the water column, recently published parameterizations for the vertical mixing of oil spills are implemented in the open-source trajectory framework OpenDrift (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1300358, last access: 7 April 2018). The parameterizations include the wave entrainment of oil, two alternative formulations for the droplet size spectra, and turbulent mixing. The performance of the integrated oil spill model is evaluated by comparing model simulations with airborne observations of an oil slick. The results show that an accurate description of a chain of physical processes, in particular vertical mixing and oil weathering, is needed to represent the horizontal spreading of the oil spill. Using ensembles of simulations of hypothetic oil spills, the general drift behavior of an oil spill during the first 10 days after initial spillage is evaluated in relation to how vertical processes control the horizontal transport. Transport of oil between the surface slick and the water column is identified as a crucial component affecting the horizontal transport of oil spills. The vertical processes are shown to control differences in the drift of various types of oil and in various weather conditions.

Bio-based Dispersants for Fuel Oil Spill Remediation Based on the Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Deviation (HLD) Concept and Box-Behnken Design

2021 ◽  
pp. 117378
Author(s):  
Parisarin Nawavimarn ◽  
Witchaya Rongsayamanont ◽  
Tipsuda Subsanguan ◽  
Ekawan Luepromchai
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Oil Spill Remediation

1.  Toxicity of Fresh and Weathered Sunken Heavy Fuel Oil to the Early Life Stages of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Simulated Spawning Shoal Environments

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Adams
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
South American ◽  
Benthic Organisms ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Insight Into

Because the density of heavy fuel oil (HFO) is equal to or greater than that of freshwater, it behaves differently than lighter oils that float. Heavy fuel oil can sink to the bottom or be suspended in the water column and affect aquatic organisms that are not typically exposed to floating oils. Most research on oil spill technologies thus far examines the direct exposure of rainbow trout to floating or submerged oil droplets; there is little knowledge of the impacts of non‐floating heavy fuel oil on the water column and benthic organisms exposed to oil that accumulates in sediments. The toxicity of sunken HFO 6303 and Medium South American (MESA; reference) crude oil, as well as the effects of weathering on toxicity to embryos of rainbow trout were assessed using increasing concentrations of oil on gravel substrate in continuous‐flow desorption columns. Toxicity was assessed by measurement of the rates of mortality and growth, and the prevalence of blue sac disease, a hallmark sign of oil toxicity. The lower median lethal concentration for HFO compared to MESA indicated that HFO is more toxic. Interestingly, the LC50 values for fresh and weathered for both oils were similar, indicating little change in toxicity when the oil weathers naturally. Repetition of this experiment and analysis of PAH content in each treatment will provide more insight into the environmental and health risks associated with sunken heavy fuel oil.   

POTENSI SUMBER BIOGAS BERBASIS TINJA PADA SUATU CLUSTER PERUMAHAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
As Zhu Ra ◽  
Sudarti ◽  
Yushardi
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Exhaust Pipe ◽  
Human Waste ◽  
Methane Gas ◽  
The Future

Abstract: THE POTENTIAL OF BIOGAS SOURCES BASED ON REFERENCE IN A HOUSING CLUSTER. In the future there will be a shortage of fuel oil, as a result developed countries will begin to work on the management of use in replacing the problem of low fuel oil and shortage of LPJ gas in the future, one of which is to produce alternative energy using human waste as the basic material, usually called Bio- Gas / Bio-Fuel. However, the management system and processes still use septic tanks that absorb human waste. So the main material or human waste that can be made to generate alternative energy for general public needs, so that it is not wasted using existing disposal methods. This activity is an explanatory activity to describe the process of disposing of human waste in the process of the exhaust pipe equipment system for each house by accumulating it in the central disposal area for the fermentation process to produce methane gas which is converted into gas power to electricity. This invention is used to find out how to make biogas from human waste. The findings of the present invention show the addition of methane gas and a central septic-tank in several households. Key words: Energy, Alternative, Biogas, Human waste, Fermentation process, Biofuel Abstrak: Pada masa depan akan terjaddi kekurangan bahan bakar minyak, akibatnya wilayah negara maju memulai mengerjakan pengelolaan digunakan dalam menggantikan permasalahan sedikitnya BBM dan kekurangan gas LPJ pada masa depan nanti, salah satu yang dilakukan adalah memproduksi energi alternative dengan bahan dasar kotoran manusia biasanya dinamakan dengan Bio-Gas/Bio-Fuel. Akan tetapi, system pengelolaannya dan prosesnya masih menggunakan septik-tank yang meresap kotoran manusia. Jadi bahan utama atau limbah manusia yang sepatutnya dapat dibuat untuk penghasilan tenaga alternative untuk keperluan umum masyarakat, supaya tidak terbuang sia-sia menggunakan cara pembuangan yang ada. Kegiatan ini merupakan pada kegiatan eksplanatori berbuat untuk mendiskripsikan proses prosedur membuang kotoran manusia dalam proses system perlengkapan pipa pembuangan tiap-tiap rumah dengan dikomulatifkan di wardah pembuangan pusat untuk proses fermentasi untuk menghasilkan gas metana yang dirubah dalam tenaga gas ke listrik. Penemuan ini digunakan untuk mengetahui bagaimana cara membuat biogas dari kotoran manusia. Perolehan dari penemuan ini memperlihatkan penambahan gas metana dan sentral septik-tank pada beberapa rumah tangga. Kata kunci: Energi, Alternatif, Biogas, Kotoran manusia, Proses fermentasi, Biofuel

Facile Route to Generate Fuel Oil via Catalytic Pyrolysis of Waste Polypropylene Bags: Towards Waste Management of >20 μm Plastic Bags

2017 ◽  
pp. 155-175
Author(s):  
Neeraj Mishra ◽  
Sunil Pandey ◽  
Bhushan Patil ◽  
Mukeshchand Thukur ◽  
Ashmi Mewada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Waste Polypropylene ◽  
Facile Route

scholarly journals OIL SPILL CONTINGENCY PLANS: INCORPORATING WASTE MANAGEMENT AND FURTHERING ITS PROMOTION1

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-283
Author(s):  
Cassandra Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Contingency Plans

ABSTRACT A fundamental problem exists with waste disposal in marine-based oil spill clean up, as up to ten times more waste can be generated than the actual oil spilled. Lessons learnt are rarely recognised until the clean up operation has finished and oiled waste has accumulated. In 1999 the oil tanker Erika broke in two and sank off the coast of Brittany, France. Spilling 20,000 tonnes of Heavy Fuel Oil but creating 250,000 tonnes of oiled waste. The Author, during the Prestige spill has observed first hand how the handling and disposal of oily waste can have major implications for oil clean up operations. It can hinder the entire operation by causing bottlenecks and delays in further recovery of oil, unless suitable arrangements can be made. The promotion of a holistic approach to waste management is fundamental to effective oil recovery operations and should be incorporated into oil spill contingency plans. The paper will highlight the importance of developing a proactive waste management strategy, emphasising good practice and the key issues involved. The paper is supported by existing reports, the author's practical experience and a published document, co-authored, on current waste disposal options for IPIECA's technical document series.

Response to the Esso Bernicia oil spill

1995 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 233-245
Author(s):  
Peter Foxton ◽  
Martin Heubeck
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Contingency Planning ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil

SynopsisA brief description is given of the accident to the tanker Esso Bernicia that resulted in the release of 1174 tonnes of heavy fuel oil into the harbour at Sullom Voe. The measures taken to deal with the spill and the resulting oil pollution are described and their effectiveness assessed. Aspects of the environmental effects are considered with particular reference to birds, otters and sheep. Wide-ranging inquiries were made into the cause of the incident, the adequacy of the response, and the effects of the pollution. The actions that resulted are described. Finally the significance of the event is considered in relation to the subsequent development of oil spill contingency planning at Sullom Voe, and in the wider context of Shetland.

scholarly journals GuLF DREAM: A Model to Estimate Dermal Exposure Among Oil Spill Response and Clean-up Workers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Gorman Ng ◽  
John W Cherrie ◽  
Anne Sleeuwenhoek ◽  
Mark Stenzel ◽  
Richard K Kwok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Dermal Exposure ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Breathing Zone ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Drilling Rig ◽  
Oil Spill Response

Abstract Tens of thousands of individuals performed oil spill response and clean-up (OSRC) activities following the ‘Deepwater Horizon’ oil drilling rig explosion in 2010. Many were exposed to oil residues and dispersants. The US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences assembled a cohort of nearly 33 000 workers to investigate potential adverse health effects of oil spill exposures. Estimates of dermal and inhalation exposure are required for those individuals. Ambient breathing-zone measurements taken at the time of the spill were used to estimate inhalation exposures for participants in the GuLF STUDY (Gulf Long-term Follow-up Study), but no dermal measurements were collected. Consequently, a modelling approach was used to estimate dermal exposures. We sought to modify DREAM (DeRmal Exposure Assessment Method) to optimize the model for assessing exposure to various oil spill-related substances and to incorporate advances in dermal exposure research. Each DREAM parameter was reviewed in the context of literature published since 2000 and modified where appropriate. To reflect the environment in which the OSRC work took place, the model treatment of evaporation was expanded to include vapour pressure and wind speed, and the effect of seawater on exposure was added. The modified model is called GuLF DREAM and exposure is estimated in GuLF DREAM units (GDU). An external validation to assess the performance of the model for oils, tars, and fuels was conducted using available published dermal wipe measurements of heavy fuel oil (HFO) and dermal hand wash measurements of asphalt. Overall, measured exposures had moderate correlations with GDU estimates (r = 0.59) with specific correlations of −0.48 for HFO and 0.68 for asphalt. The GuLF DREAM model described in this article has been used to generate dermal exposure estimates for the GuLF STUDY. Many of the updates made were generic, so the updated model may be useful for other dermal exposure scenarios.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document