scholarly journals A Comparative Economic Study of Tomato Production by Hydroponics and Conventional Agriculture (With Soil) in Greenhouses: A Case Study in the Nubaria Region

Author(s):  
Shady Mohamed Shawky Abdelmawgoud ◽  
Hossam Hosney Abdul Aziz ◽  
Ahmed Abdel Ati Shibl ◽  
Mufidah Al-Sayed Qabeel

One of the most important challenges and obstacles faced by tomato farmers in the new lands is the scarcity of productive resources and their high cost, especially the suppliers of fresh water and arable land, which negatively affects the net yield. Therefore, this research paper aims to make a comparison between tomato production using traditional greenhouses (with soil) and using Hydroponics technology in the new lands with the research sample, aiming to measure the effect of using hydroponics in agricultural greenhouses on the most important indicators of economic returns, by studying and analyzing the cost components of the two production types and studying the most important productive, economic and financial indicators.

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 509
Author(s):  
Agust Sales ◽  
Marco Antonio Siviero ◽  
Sabrina Benmuyal Vieira ◽  
Jorge Alberto Gazel Yared ◽  
Ademir Roberto Ruschel ◽  
...  

The existence of degraded forests is common in the Eastern Amazon. The maintenance of these forests standing and the recovery of their productivity play an important role in the conservation of biodiversity, storage and carbon sequestration. However, the management techniques currently employed are designed for natural forests in the first harvest cycle or lightly explored and do not apply adequately to forests that have gone through several harvest cycles. Therefore, adaptations and the establishment of new management criteria that take into account other characteristics of these types of forests are necessary to ensure their sustainability. The objective of this study was to propose a silvicultural management system that has the potential to recover and perpetuate the productivity of an intensively logged tropical forest. A forest census was carried out on 535.6 ha for trees with dbh ≥ 25 cm. With these data, the following two treatments were designed: (1) criteria: the BDq method was applied from B = 9.8 m2 ha−1, D = 100 cm and q = 2. The criteria for standing wood commercialization were, in this order, first, Health; second, Tree Stem; third, Tree Density and fourth, dbh ≥ 105 cm. (2) Control: the planning was in accordance with Brazilian regulations. For the cost–benefit and sensitivity analysis, the Net Present Value (NPV) was used and a projection of ±20% was made in the commercial price of standing wood. In the criteria treatment, a higher number of trees and species destined for the commercialization of standing wood was verified in relation to the control treatment, showing a greater diversity of species. In the criteria treatment, NPV was positive and superior to the control treatment in all scenarios. The proposed silvicultural management system with an object of an explored and enriched forest, with criteria for harvesting trees with a minimum cut diameter of 25 cm, proved to be viable to generate economic returns and with conservationist potential for the continuous supply of forest products and maintaining biodiversity.


Author(s):  
Conor Teljeur ◽  
Paul Carty ◽  
Máirín Ryan

IntroductionEconomic models contain several parameters ordinarily subject to uncertainty. Unlike most other model parameters, costs can constitute numerous distinct components. For example, a surgical intervention can require a variety of disposables and reusable equipment. A micro-costing output may be disaggregated or presented as a total cost. Uncertainty could be applied to individual cost components or to total cost. We aimed to explore how disaggregation of cost data may impact on uncertainty using a case study.MethodsA set of simulations using hypothetical scenarios were developed with uncertainty set at ± 20 percent. The simulations investigated the impact of number of cost components, balance between components, and correlation between them. A cost-utility model from an assessment of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy was analyzed; procedure cost was divided into 32 individual cost components or treated as a total cost.ResultsBased on five equal cost components, uncertainty reduces from ± 20 percent for correlated variables to ± 9 percent for uncorrelated variables. With increasing numbers of uncorrelated cost components, the uncertainty in the total cost decreases markedly. The uncertainty around total robot-assisted surgery procedure equipment costs was ± 19.7 percent when components were correlated and ± 9.4 percent when uncorrelated. The impact on uncertainty in the incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) was negligible but the ranking of parameters in the univariate sensitivity analysis changed.ConclusionsAnalyzing uncertainty by aggregated or disaggregated costs can have implications for presenting uncertainty in costs to decision makers. Applying uncertainty to aggregated costs essentially implies that variation in the cost of individual components is perfectly correlated. By disaggregating cost components they are being treated as uncorrelated, which can substantially reduce uncertainty in the total cost. In this case study we found that although the reduction in uncertainty could be clearly seen in the cost parameter, it had a negligible impact on uncertainty in the ICER.


2017 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Mansi Tripathi ◽  
Sunil Kumar Singal

Restoration of a polluted river front is as important as conservation of a polluted river itself because its shore line has the potential of making the conservation project self-sustainable. In the present study, an attempt has been made to study the polluted river front of a river in India. A self-sustainable restoration and development experimental plan has been prepared for the area considered in the study. This experimental plan aims at utilizing arable land strips on both sides of the river, currently deserted or encroached by rank vegetation, open wastewater drains, etc. The cost estimates have also been presented for various items and actions proposed under this study to prove its economical sustainability in the long run. The proposed plan and the existing conditions have been compared using CIPAR index to ensure increased public accessibility. It has been found that the present unsatisfactory conditions of the riverfront considered in this study can be raised to more than 90 % satisfaction by implementation of the proposed plan in a period of 3 to 4 years. HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water Energy and EnvironmentIssue: 21, July, 2017Page: 25-33Upload Date: July 18, 2017


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Nita Wulandari

This study aims to determine whether there is a difference in the calculation in determining the selling price between the UMKM Saputra Snack method with the cost plus pricing method with full costing approach and to know the selling price use the cost plus pricing method with full costing approach at the UMKM Saputra Snack can be able to competitive. The type of research is used quantitative. The research method used case study. The analysis technique used to calculation of the selling price using the cost plus pricing method with a full costing approach. The data used in this study are data on production costs and non-production costs during 2019. The results show that there are differences in setting the selling price because of the inaccuracy in treating cost components, namely the components of factory overhead costs such as equipment depreciation costs, production building depreciation, administrative costs, marketing costs in calculating the cost of goods manufactured which are used as the basis for determining the selling price. So that the calculation of the selling price with the cost plus pricing method, the full costing approach is greater than selling price of UMKM Saputra Snack. The results of the evaluation of the selling price of product using the cost plus pricing method of the full costing approach at UMKM Saputra Snack can still compete with similar products, because the selling price of similar products on the market is still high. Therefore, the results of the evaluation of the selling price of UMKM Saputra Snack's product are still reasonable and the selling price of the product can be increased so that it can increase the profit as expected.


Transport ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 517-528
Author(s):  
Sebastjan Škerlič ◽  
Edgar Sokolovskij

The goal of the study is to develop a model that focuses on managing logistics costs at all stages of a product’s life cycle. The model includes several different cost components and provides a wider coverage of individual processes, as logistics costs are present in different areas of a company’s operations. The applicability of the proposed method was tested in a multinational company that manufactures furniture fittings on a randomly selected product. The test results provide a theoretical and practical confirmation of the necessity to manage the logistics costs for an individual product, since other models are focused exclusively on the cost optimisation of individual logistics processes. The model therefore complements the existing knowledge and represents a practical tool for logistics professionals that enables more efficient logistics costs planning at an early stage in the development of a product, which can result in the long-term reduction in the total costs of logistics and improve the quality of business processes.


2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 992-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Arrien ◽  
Josée Bastien ◽  
Denis Beaulieu

The rehabilitation of highway and road bridges is without any question one of today's major challenges. It is to keep up with this challenge that this paper presents an innovative bridge rehabilitation technique which consists in using aluminum decking to replace deteriorated bridge decks. Numerical modeling was carried out on a favored type of decking in order to study and analyze its performance under Canadian traffic loads. Also, an economic analysis was made on a case-study bridge, in order to compare the costs of the proposed technique to the cost of the method currently used by the Quebec Ministry of Transportation for the rehabilitation of certain types of bridge deck.Key words: aluminum, bridge, deck, economic study, extrusion, grid method, rehabilitation.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
pp. 34-45
Author(s):  
Naufal Dzikri Afifi ◽  
Ika Arum Puspita ◽  
Mohammad Deni Akbar

Shift to The Front II Komplek Sukamukti Banjaran Project is one of the projects implemented by one of the companies engaged in telecommunications. In its implementation, each project including Shift to The Front II Komplek Sukamukti Banjaran has a time limit specified in the contract. Project scheduling is an important role in predicting both the cost and time in a project. Every project should be able to complete the project before or just in the time specified in the contract. Delay in a project can be anticipated by accelerating the duration of completion by using the crashing method with the application of linear programming. Linear programming will help iteration in the calculation of crashing because if linear programming not used, iteration will be repeated. The objective function in this scheduling is to minimize the cost. This study aims to find a trade-off between the costs and the minimum time expected to complete this project. The acceleration of the duration of this study was carried out using the addition of 4 hours of overtime work, 3 hours of overtime work, 2 hours of overtime work, and 1 hour of overtime work. The normal time for this project is 35 days with a service fee of Rp. 52,335,690. From the results of the crashing analysis, the alternative chosen is to add 1 hour of overtime to 34 days with a total service cost of Rp. 52,375,492. This acceleration will affect the entire project because there are 33 different locations worked on Shift to The Front II and if all these locations can be accelerated then the duration of completion of the entire project will be effective


2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-171
Author(s):  
Hafid Hafid ◽  
Tatang Sutisna

The design and manufacturing of the rotary table with the specification Ø 170 mm (6 inches) for CNC machine 4 axis has been done. The objective of manufacturing a rotary table is to increase the efficiency of CNC machine Hardford 4 axis to be above 80% in line machining center CV. IM’s workshop. The engineering methods was taken, consist of: working preparation, manufacturing of working drawing, engineering process, the manufacturing and testing. The prototype has been tested and operated, the resulting of increasing productivity of which were as follows: the process of assembling was increased to be 3 time ( before 1 time) and processing time for a specific case reduced from 5 hours to 3 hours, number of operators for the case of assembling the rotary reduced to 1 person (before 4 persons), safety and security become to be better. The results show increased efficiency of CNC machine Hardford, from under 50% to be above 80%. Based on the economical analysis obtained by the cost of good sold (C.G.S) of the rotary table is IDR 34.060.000. The results presented in this paper is expected to be case study for developing a business of the metal and engineering SMEs domestic to the effort of improving efficiency, quality, productivity and competitiveness in global market.ABSTRAKPerancangan dan pembuatan alat bantu meja putar (rotary table) dengan spesifikasi teknis Ø 170 mm (6 inci) untuk mesin CNC 4 axis telah dilakukan. Tujuan pembuatan rotary table adalah untuk meningkatkan efisiensi mesin CNC Hardford 4 axis di atas 80% pada line machining center Bengkel CV. IM. Metode rancang bangun yang dilakukan, meliputi: persiapan kerja, pembuatan gambar kerja, proses engineering, pembuatan dan uji coba. Prototip tersebut telah diuji coba dan dioperasikan dengan hasil peningkatan produktivitas sebagai berikut: proses pengerjaan bongkar pasang meningkat menjadi 3 kali (sebelumnya 1 kali) dan waktu pengerjaan untuk kasus tertentu berkurang dari 5 jam menjadi 3 jam, jumlah operator untuk kasus bongkar pasang rotary berkurang menjadi 1 orang (sebelumnya 4 orang), keselamatan kerja dan keamanan menjadi lebih baik. Hasil peningkatan berupa efisiensi mesin CNC Hardford 4 axis dari sebelumnya di bawah 50% menjadi di atas 80%. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan analisis ekonomi diperoleh harga pokok produksi (HPP) alat bantu meja putar adalah sebesar Rp. 34.060.000. Bahasan ini diharapkan menjadi contoh kasus bagi pengembangan usaha IKM logam dan mesin dalam negeri untuk meningkatkan efisiensi, mutu, produktivitas dan keunggulan daya saing di pasar global.Kata kunci: alat bantu meja putar, mesin CNC, harga pokok produksi


Author(s):  
Michael Woo ◽  
Marcos Campos ◽  
Luigi Aranda

Abstract A component failure has the potential to significantly impact the cost, manufacturing schedule, and/or the perceived reliability of a system, especially if the root cause of the failure is not known. A failure analysis is often key to mitigating the effects of a componentlevel failure to a customer or a system; minimizing schedule slips, minimizing related accrued costs to the customer, and allowing for the completion of the system with confidence that the reliability of the product had not been compromised. This case study will show how a detailed and systemic failure analysis was able to determine the exact cause of failure of a multiplexer in a high-reliability system, which allowed the manufacturer to confidently proceed with production knowing that the failure was not a systemic issue, but rather that it was a random “one time” event.


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