scholarly journals A Generous Review: Novel Approaches for Colon Targeted Drug Delivery System

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
Gopavaram Sumanth ◽  
Pooja Prakash Atpadkar ◽  
Pandupalli Krishna Reddy ◽  
Gorthi Nihar
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Controlled Delivery ◽  
Colon Targeting ◽  
Targeting Delivery ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
Pressure Controlled

The colon is where both systemic and local conveyance of medications can occur. Local conveyance permits site treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's illness, ulcerative colitis, and so forth in any case, treatment can be created compelling if the medications can be focused on straightforwardly into the colon, in this way diminishing the systemic adverse effects. A medication should be shielded from degradation to accomplish effective colon targeting delivery, release, and absorption in the upper bit of the gastro intestinal tract (GIT) and afterward to be certain controlled delivery in the proximal colon. Pressure controlled colonic conveyance capsules, CODESTM, and the osmotic controlled medication conveyance are the more up to date advances in particular which are having in vivo site explicitness, and attainability of manufacturing process. To beat previous technique's restrictions new frameworks and advancements have been created for colon targeting. This review gives data about CDDS, new advances, limitations.

scholarly journals A Review on the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Pomegranate in the Gastrointestinal Tract

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Colombo ◽  
Enrico Sangiovanni ◽  
Mario Dell'Agli
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Several biological activities of pomegranate have been widely described in the literature, but the anti-inflammatory effect in the gastrointestinal tract has not been reviewed till now. The aim of the present paper is to summarize the evidence for or against the efficacy of pomegranate for coping with inflammatory conditions of the gastro-intestinal tract. The paper has been organized in three parts: (1) the first one is devoted to the modifications of pomegranate active compounds in the gastro-intestinal tract; (2) the second one considering the literature regarding the anti-inflammatory effect of pomegranate at gastric level; (3) the third part considers the anti-inflammatory effect of pomegranate in the gut.In vivostudies performed on the whole fruit or juice, peel, and flowers demonstrate antiulcer effect in a variety of animal models. Ellagic acid was the main responsible for this effect, although other individual ellagitannins could contribute to the biological activity of the mixture. Different preparations of pomegranate, including extracts from peels, flowers, seeds, and juice, show a significant anti-inflammatory activity in the gut. No clinical studies have been found, thus suggesting that future clinical studies are necessary to clarify the beneficial effects of pomegranate in the gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota: friend or foe

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 322
Author(s):  
Ansh Chaudhary ◽  
Shubhi Shubhangi Bhatnagar ◽  
Meghna Prashant Nair ◽  
Bhupendra Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
System Protection ◽  
Complex Ecosystem ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract

Comprising of trillions of various bacteria, protozoan, fungi and viruses, the gut microbiota live in human body as a super complex ecosystem mostly in gastro intestinal tract (70%). Apart from GI tract they also inhabit skin, mouth and sexual organs as an essential ecological community of commensal, symbiotic or even pathogenic relationship. These microbiota interplay with bodily immune, endocrinal, metabolic and nervous system and produces various pathological changes responsible for disease etiology. These microbiota play a major role in digestion and absorption of macro molecules, maturation of immune system, protection of gut and behavioural development of an individual. In gut disorders like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) the altered brain axis is responsible for disorders like depression, anxiety, schizoaffective disorders, autistic spectrum disorders, multiple sclerosis and parkinson’s disease. 

scholarly journals Changes in the distribution of copper and molybdenum after Mo administration and subsequent additional oral or intraperitoneal Cu administration to rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Nederbragt
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Qualitative Difference ◽  
Inbred Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
Minor Extent

1. Male WAG/Cpb inbred rats fed on rations containing 1·5 mg copper/kg (deficient) and 6·0 mg Cu/kg (adequate) were supplemented with molybdenum (500 mg/kg diet). Starting at week 0 rats were killed weekly for up to 6 weeks and the caeruloplasmin activity of plasma, the Cu concentration of plasma, liver and kidney and the Mo concentration of liver and kidney were determined. The experiment was repeated with rats fed on diets of the same composition but given additional Cu for periods of 2 weeks. Cu was given orally by increasing dietary Cu to 6·0 mg/kg and 25·0 mg/kg for Cu-deficient and Cu-adequate rats respectively or intraperitoneally by injecting 75 μg and 250 μg every second day to Cu-deficient and Cu-adequate rats respectively.2. After Mo administration to Cu-deficient rats plasma and kidney Cu and liver and kidney Mo increased but caeruloplasmin activity and liver Cu decreased. In Cu-adequate rats plasma, liver and kidney Cu and liver and kidney Mo increased to much higher levels than in Cu-deficient rats. Caeruloplasmin activity was not affected. Fluctuations in plasma Cu and kidney Mo were correlated closely.3. No qualitative difference between the effect of oral or intraperitoneal Cu administered to Mo-treated Cu-deficient or Cu-adequate rats was found. In Cu-deficient Mo-supplemented rats additional Cu increased plasma Cu, caeruloplasmin activity and liver and kidney Cu and Mo. In Cu-adequate Mo-supplemented rats additional Cu decreased plasma Cu and liver and kidney Mo and increased caeruioplasmin activity and kidney Cu and, to a minor extent, liver Cu.4. In view of the assumption that in rats a Cu, Mo and S containing compound, related to Cu-thiomolybdate, may be formed in vivo the results suggest thai Cu binds to the Mo-S part of the compound; when this compound is formed in the gastro-intestinal tract it can not be absorbed and when it is formed at systemic sites it changes the Cu distribution.

scholarly journals In vivotransfer of an R factor within the lower gastro-intestinal tract of sheep

1977 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Adult Sheep ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
R Factor ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract

SUMMARYThe transfer of an R factor from donorE. coliintroduced into the rumen of adult sheep to strains of the coliform microflora resident post rumen in the lower gastro-intestinal tract was found to be greatly increased when the animals were subjected to a short period of starvation (ca. 24–48 h). This also resulted in coliform organisms containing the resistance determinants of the R factor being excreted for much longer periods, sometimes for months afterwards. As no antibiotic treatment was given to the animals during these experiments, possession of the R factor should have conferred no selective advantages on the host cells and other plasmids could possibly be transferred similarlyin vivoin sheep or other ruminants and perhaps also within the gut of monogastric animals.

INTRAVENOUS SOMATOSTATIN INFUSION AFFECTS GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT FUNCTION IN SHEEP

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 93-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. FAICHNEY ◽  
T. N. BARRY
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
Gut Function ◽  
Tract Function ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract

Intravenous somatostatin infusion to anestrous ewes decreased the weight of all postomasal gut tissues, produced small increases in total 51Cr-EDTA and, 103Ru-phen mean retention times, increased the proportion of the total mean retention time spent in the abomasum + small intestine + cecum/proximal colon and decreased the proportion spent in the distal large intestine. Key words: Somatostatin, gut function, marker retention times

COLON TARGETING APPROACHES: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (03) ◽  
pp. 5-17
Author(s):  
S Bisht ◽  
H Bajaj ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Local Drug Delivery ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Systemic Delivery ◽  
Colon Targeting ◽  
Release System ◽  
System Pressure ◽  
Fecal Content

The colon specific drug delivery system is gaining importance not only for local drug delivery of drugs but also for the systemic delivery of protein & peptide drugs. Colon was considered as black-box as most of the drugs are absorbed from upper part of the GI tract. Colon targeting was aimed mainly because of less enzymatic activity and longer transit time. It also has drawbacks like less water content and presence of fecal content. To achieve successful colon targeted drug delivery, a drug needs to be protected from degradation, release and absorption in the upper portion of the GI tract and then to be ensured controlled release in the proximal colon. The various approaches that can be exploited to target the release of drug to the colon including formulation approaches through pH sensitive system are microbial triggered systems i.e., prodrugs and polysaccharide based system, timed release system, osmotically controlled drug system, pressure dependent release system, programmed pulsatile release system and others.

scholarly journals EpCAM-dependent extracellular vesicles from intestinal epithelial cells maintain intestinal tract immune balance

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingling Jiang ◽  
Yingying Shen ◽  
Danfeng Guo ◽  
Diya Yang ◽  
Jiajun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Immune Balance ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Tgf Β1

Abstract How the intestinal tract develops a tolerance to foreign antigens is still largely unknown. Here we report that extracellular vesicles (EVs) with TGF-β1-dependent immunosuppressive activity are produced by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) under physiological conditions. Transfer of these EVs into inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mice induced by dextran sulfate sodium salt decreases IBD severity by inducing regulatory T cells and immunosuppressive dendritic cells. In contrast, decreased endogenous EV production promotes IBD development. IECs produce EVs with increased levels of TGF-β1 upon IBD development in an ERK-dependent manner. Furthermore, these EVs tend to localize in the intestinal tract associated with epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM). Knockdown of EpCAM in vivo increases the severity of murine IBD, and the protective effect of EVs from IECs with decreased EpCAM on murine IBD is blunted. Therefore, our study indicates that EVs from IECs participate in maintaining the intestinal tract immune balance.

In vivo passage through calves of nematophagous fungi selected for biocontrol of parasitic nematodes

1992 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Larsen ◽  
J. Wolstrup ◽  
S. A. Henriksen ◽  
J. Grønvold ◽  
P. Nansen
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Nematophagous Fungi ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Fixed Amount ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Barley Grains ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Predatory Capacity ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract

ABSTRACTThe experiment was designed to test the survival and performance of stress selected nematophagous fungi after passage through the gastro-intestinal tract of cattle. Ruminating calves were fed daily with a fixed amount of fungal material grown on barley grains. The excreted dung was collected on days four and five after the start of the feeding experiment. Barley grains were washed out of the excreted dung and incoculated on water-agar plates. After incubation for one week, nine out of ten fungal isolates were re-isolated from these plates. The predatory capacity of the fungi in the excreted faeces was tested in a dung pat bioassay and a faecal culture system. In the dung pat bioassay. two fungi of the genus Arthrobotrys and six of the genus Duddingtonia reduced the development of Ostertagia ostertagi third stage larvae by 85% (61%–93%). compared to the number of larvae developed from fungus-free control pats. In seven out of these eight isolates, the reduction of larvae in the faecal cultures was 92% (76%–99%).

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