A Comparative Study on Oxygen Saturation, Breath Rate, Lung Parameters, Anxiety and Depression Level in Geriatric Population

Background: Ageing has been associated with multiple medical conditions mainly due to impaired immune mechanisms and deteriorating physiological reserves such as declining physical health, increased risk for mental and emotional problems, economic constraints, changing roles and changing lifestyles. Chronic psychological and physical illnesses among geriatrics were studied univocally. Hence present study aimed to compare the effect of yoga techniques and conventional exercises. Methods: 40 subjects participated in the form of group therapy based on the selection criteria. Yoga group received yogic Relaxation and pranayama (10 min each) and exercise group received supine rest and diaphragmatic breathing (10 min each) for four days per weeks continued for three months. Outcome measures were evaluated before the intervention and after three months of participation. Results: The Oxygen saturation in yoga group were 96.4±1.39 and 97.05±1.19, and in exercise group 96.7±1.45 and 97.7± 0.73 in pre and post assessment. The breath rates in yoga group were reduced to an average of 19.1 and 19.65 in exercise group after 3 months. The mean vital capacity (L/min), FEV1 (mL/sec), FVC (L/min) in yoga group after 3 months were 1.72 ± 0.2, 1.53 ± 0.17 and 1.47 ± 0.1 and in exercise group were 0.72 ± 0.13, 0.70 ± 0.13 and 0.69 ± 0.13 after the intervention. The mean anxiety and depression measured with HADS were 8.9 ± 0.8 & 7.45 ± 0.75 and 9.0 ± 0.72 & 7.9 ± 0.8 pre and post respectively in Yoga Group & Exercise Group. Conclusion: Yogic relaxation and pranayama is equally effective in supine rest and diaphragmatic breathing in improving oxygen saturation, breath rate, lung parameters and anxiety and depression in geriatrics.

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The Effect of Exercise and Distraction on Blood Pressure Recovery Following an Anger-Provoking Stressor in Normotensive Young Adults

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027/0269-8803/a000133 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 45-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Faye S. Routledge ◽

Judith A. McFetridge-Durdle ◽

Marilyn Macdonald ◽

Lynn Breau ◽

Tavis Campbell

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Recovery Period ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Exercise Group ◽

State Anger ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Anger Reactivity ◽

Quiet Sitting

Ruminating about a prior anger provoking event is found to elevate blood pressure (BP) and delay BP recovery. Delayed BP recovery may be associated with increased risk of hypertension. Interventions that improve BP recovery may be beneficial for cardiovascular health. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the influence of rumination and anger on BP reactivity and recovery, to compare the effect of an exercise intervention or distraction intervention on BP recovery and to explore if exercise improved BP recovery by distracting participants from stressor-related rumination and anger. Healthy, normotensive participants (n = 79, mean age 22.2 ± 4.0 years) underwent an anger-recall interview stressor task, 3 min of exercise (walking), distraction (reading) or no-intervention (quiet sitting) and a 15 min recovery period. State anger reactivity was associated with Δ diastolic (D) BP reactivity and approached significance with Δ systolic (S) BP reactivity. Trait rumination was associated with greater SBP during recovery. Δ SBP recovery did not differ between the exercise, distraction and no-intervention groups. Although there were no differences in Δ DBP recovery between the exercise and no-intervention groups, distraction improved Δ DBP recovery compared to the exercise intervention but not the no-intervention. The proportion of anger-related thoughts (state rumination) in the exercise group did not differ from the distraction or no-intervention groups. However, a smaller proportion of participants in the distraction intervention reported an anger-related thought during recovery compared to the no-intervention group with 76% of their thoughts relating to the provided distraction. Overall, post-stressor exercise was not found to improve BP recovery while reading was effective at distracting individuals from angry thoughts (state rumination) but had no effect on BP compared to no-intervention.

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A cluster-controlled clinical trial of two prophylactic silicone sacral dressings to prevent sacral pressure injuries in critically ill patients

Wound Practice and Research ◽

10.33235/wpr.27.1.21-26 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 21-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Monica Stankiewicz ◽

Jodie Gordon ◽

Joel Dulhunty ◽

Wendy Brown ◽

Hamish Pollock ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Similar Efficacy ◽

Care Patient ◽

Controlled Clinical Trial ◽

Cost Difference ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Pressure Injury ◽

Risk Patients ◽

The Mean

Objective Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) have increased risk of pressure injury (PI) development due to critical illness. This study compared two silicone dressings used in the Australian ICU setting for sacral PI prevention. Design A cluster-controlled clinical trial of two sacral dressings with four alternating periods of three months' duration. Setting A 10-bed general adult ICU in outer-metropolitan Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Participants Adult participants who did not have a sacral PI present on ICU admission and were able to have a dressing applied for more than 24 hours without repeated dislodgement or soiling in a 24-hour period (>3 times). Interventions Dressing 1 (Allevyn Gentle Border Sacrum™, Smith & Nephew) and Dressing 2 (Mepilex Border Sacrum™, Mölnlycke). Main outcomes measures The primary outcome was the incidence of a new sacral PI (stage 1 or greater) per 100 dressing days in the ICU. Secondary outcomes were the mean number of dressings per patient, the cost difference of dressings to prevent a sacral PI and product integrity. Results There was no difference in the incidence of a new sacral PI (0.44 per 100 dressing days for both products, p = 1.00), the mean number of dressings per patient per day (0.50 for both products, p = 0.51) and product integrity (85% for Dressing 1 and 84% for Dressing 2, p = 0.69). There was a dressing cost difference per patient (A$10.29 for Dressing 1 and A$28.84 for Dressing 2, p < 0.001). Conclusions Similar efficacy, product use and product integrity, but differential cost, were observed for two prophylactic silicone dressings in the prevention of PIs in the intensive care patient. We recommend the use of sacral prophylactic dressings for at-risk patients, with the choice of product based on ease of application, clinician preference and overall cost-effectiveness of the dressing.

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Family Environment and Its Correlation with Anxiety and Depression: A Study on Heart Patients

International Journal of Indian Psychology ◽

10.25215/0302.109 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Dr. Meena Jain ◽

Saloni Chandalia

Keyword(s):

Heart Disease ◽

Family Environment ◽

Heart Attack ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Positive Association ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Artery Disease

This research paper deals with the Family Environment and its Correlation with Anxiety and Depression level among persons with Heart Disease. There had been a number of researches that investigated that ischemic heart disease patients who suffer significant anxiety have close to a 5-fold increased risk of experiencing frequent angina and those with depression have more than a 3-fold increased risk for these episodes. This observed link between psychiatric symptoms and angina underlines the importance of treating anxiety and depression in cardiac patients, according to study co author Dr Mark D Sullivan (University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle). To gather the needed data, Hamilton Anxiety Scale and Becks Depression Inventory were used. As stated from literatures, for people with heart dysfunction, depression and anxiety can increase the risk of an adverse cardiac event such as a heart attack or blood clots. For people who do not have heart disease, depression and anxiety can also increase the risk of a heart attack and development of coronary artery disease. Researchers have also emphasized on the role of family psychosocial environment and its positive association with the Coronary Heart Disease risk.

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Airway management with I-gelTM for ambulatory laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair in children; a retrospective review of 230 cases

Anaesthesia, Pain & Intensive Care ◽

10.35975/apic.v24i5.1358 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Carla Hipólito ◽

Vicente Vieira ◽

Virginia Antunes ◽

Petra Alves ◽

Adriana Rodrigues ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inguinal Hernia ◽

Hernia Repair ◽

Airway Management ◽

Inguinal Hernia Repair ◽

Neuromuscular Blockade ◽

Retrospective Review ◽

Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair ◽

Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Mean

Background: Inguinal hernia is one of the most common conditions presented for surgical repair in children and laparoscopic approaches are increasingly performed. Previous studies have shown safety and efficacy in the use of supraglottic devices (SGD) as an alternative to tracheal intubation, which fits particularly well with outpatient anesthesia. Methodology: we conduct a retrospective observational study, collecting data from the electronic anesthetic form, from all patients aged 0 to 17 y who underwent ambulatory laparoscopic percutaneous internal ring suturing between February 2015 and August 2019, if I-gelTM was used to airway management. Results: We found 230 patients meeting the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 5.2 y old, mean weight 20.1 kg. All patients were ASA I (n=203) or ASA II (n=27). The mean surgery duration was 38 minutes. We found 4 respiratory adverse events, three bronchospasms, and one laryngospasm, managed in the operating room. Ninety percent of the surgeries were performed without neuromuscular blockade. Conclusion: I-gelTM was a safe, effective, and convenient alternative to airway management to laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair in the ambulatory setting. According to available literature, our practice did not represent an increased risk for the studied respiratory events. SGD obviates the need for neuromuscular blockade. Key words: I-gel; Supraglottic devices; Laparoscopy; Inguinal hernia repair; Pediatrics; Anesthesia, ambulatory Citation: Hipólito C, Vieira V, Antunes V, Alves P, Rodrigues A, Santos MJ. Airway management with I-gelTM for ambulatory laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair in children; a retrospective review of 230 cases. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2020;24(5): Received: 18 February 2020, Reviewed: 5 August, 6 September 2020, Accepted: 11 September 2020

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Fatigue in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and neuropsychiatric symptoms is associated with anxiety and depression rather than inflammatory disease activity

Lupus ◽

10.1177/09612033211005014 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 096120332110050

Author(s):

Rory C Monahan ◽

Liesbeth JJ Beaart-van de Voorde ◽

Jeroen Eikenboom ◽

Rolf Fronczek ◽

Margreet Kloppenburg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Disease Activity ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Systemic Lupus ◽

Sf 36 ◽

Neuropsychiatric Sle ◽

Inflammatory Phenotype ◽

The Mean

Introduction We aimed to investigate risk factors for fatigue in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and neuropsychiatric symptoms in order to identify potential interventional strategies. Methods Patients visiting the neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE) clinic of the Leiden University Medical Center between 2007–2019 were included. In a multidisciplinary consensus meeting, SLE patients were classified as having neuropsychiatric symptoms of inflammatory origin (inflammatory phenotype) or other origin (non-inflammatory phenotype). Fatigue was assessed with the SF-36 vitality domain (VT) since 2007 and the multidimensional fatigue inventory (MFI) and visual analogue scale (VAS) since 2011. Patients with a score on the SF-36 VT ≥1 standard deviation (SD) away from the mean of age-related controls of the general population were classified as fatigued; patients ≥2 SD away were classified as extremely fatigued. Disease activity was measured using the SLE disease activity index-2000. The influence of the presence of an inflammatory phenotype, disease activity and symptoms of depression and anxiety as measured by the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) was analyzed using multiple regression analyses corrected for age, sex and education. Results 348 out of 371 eligible patients filled in questionnaires and were included in this study . The majority was female (87%) and the mean age was 43 ± 14 years. 72 patients (21%) had neuropsychiatric symptoms of an inflammatory origin. Fatigue was present in 78% of all patients and extreme fatigue was present in 50% of patients with an inflammatory phenotype vs 46% in the non-inflammatory phenotype. Fatigue was similar in patients with an inflammatory phenotype compared to patients with a non-inflammatory phenotype on the SF-36 VT (β: 0.8 (95% CI −4.8; 6.1) and there was less fatigue in patients with an inflammatory phenotype on the MFI and VAS (β: −3.7 (95% CI: −6.9; −0.5) and β: −1.0 (95% CI −1.6; −0.3)). There was no association between disease activity and fatigue, but symptoms of anxiety and depression (HADS) associated strongly with all fatigue measurements. Conclusion This study suggests that intervention strategies to target fatigue in (NP)SLE patients may need to focus on symptoms of anxiety and depression rather than immunosuppressive treatment.

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Elevation of pulse pressure in middle age is associated with the risk of dementia: data from a population-based cohort

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2738 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

D Kim ◽

H Jung ◽

P.S Yang ◽

H.T Yu ◽

T.H Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Pulse Pressure ◽

Middle Age ◽

Population Based ◽

Entire Cohort ◽

Incident Dementia ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽

History Of ◽

The Mean

Abstract Aims Pulse pressure (PP) is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, the association between the PP and dementia is not well identified. This study aimed to determine the effect of PP on the risk of dementia development in different age subgroups using a longitudinal, population-based, and stroke-free cohort from the general population. Methods The association of PP with the development of incident dementia was assessed from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2013, in 433,154 participants without a history of dementia or stroke from the Korea National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening cohort. The diagnosis of dementia was defined using the 10th revision of the International Classification of Disease codes. Results The mean age of the cohort was 55.7±9.2 years, 45.7% were women. Hypertension was 23.6%. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure of the entire cohort were 125.9±16.6 and 78.4±10.7 mmHg, respectively. Mean PP was 47.5±10.9 mmHg. In the middle-age group (40 to 50 year-old), increasing of 10 mmHg of PP was associated with incident dementia after adjusting mean blood pressure and clinical variables with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.21 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19–1.23, p<0.001). The association was still significant even after censoring for stroke (HR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.08–1.22, p<0.001). In the older population, elevation of PP was not associated with dementia development (HR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.95–1.01, p=0.247) Conclusion PP was associated with increased risk of dementia only in middle-aged population beyond that of mean arterial pressure. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

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Changes in insomnia as a risk factor for the incidence and persistence of anxiety and depression: a longitudinal community study

Sleep Science and Practice ◽

10.1186/s41606-020-00053-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Magnus Johansson ◽

Markus Jansson-Fröjmark ◽

Annika Norell-Clarke ◽

Steven J. Linton

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Hospital Anxiety ◽

Dynamic Risk ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Longitudinal Association ◽

Development Of Anxiety

Abstract Background The aim of this investigation was to examine the longitudinal association between change in insomnia status and the development of anxiety and depression in the general population. Methods A survey was mailed to 5000 randomly selected individuals (aged 18–70 years) in two Swedish counties. After 6 months, a follow-up survey was sent to those (n = 2333) who answered the first questionnaire. The follow-up survey was completed by 1887 individuals (80.9%). The survey consisted of questions indexing insomnia symptomatology, socio-demographic parameters, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Change in insomnia status was assessed by determining insomnia at the two time-points and then calculating a change index reflecting incidence (from non-insomnia to insomnia), remission (from insomnia to non-insomnia), or status quo (no change). Multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were used to examine the aim. Results Incident insomnia was significantly associated with an increased risk for the development of new cases of both anxiety (OR = 0.32, p < .05) and depression (OR = 0.43, p < .05) 6 months later. Incident insomnia emerged also as significantly associated with an elevated risk for the persistence of depression (OR = 0.30, p < .05), but not for anxiety. Conclusions This study extends previous research in that incidence in insomnia was shown to independently increase the risk for the development of anxiety and depression as well as for the maintenance of depression. The findings imply that insomnia may be viewed as a dynamic risk factor for anxiety and depression, which might have implications for preventative work.

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OP0073 RISK OF DEVELOPING RHEUMATIC DISEASES IN PATIENTS WITH PALINDROMIC RHEUMATISM IN SOUTH KOREA: A NATION-WIDE POPULATION-BASED STUDY

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.3664 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 49.2-49

Author(s):

J. K. Ahn ◽

J. Hwang ◽

J. Lee ◽

H. Kim ◽

G. H. Seo

Keyword(s):

Health Insurance ◽

South Korea ◽

Rheumatic Diseases ◽

Index Date ◽

Claims Data ◽

Population Based ◽

Palindromic Rheumatism ◽

Psoriatic Arthropathy ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Mean

Background:Palindromic rheumatism (PR) has known to be three patterns of disease course: clinical remission of attacks, persistent attacks, and evolution to chronic arthritis or systemic disease. The spectrum in progression to chronic diseases of PR, however, is quite variable; rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), Sjögren’s syndrome (SjS), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), relapsing polychondritis (RP), Behçet’s disease (BD), sarcoidosis, and psoriatic spondylitis and arthropathy. Because of the small numbers in case-control studies and too aged investigations, now we needs to shed new light on the fate of PR.Objectives:The aim was to investigate the epidemiology of PR and the risk of developing various rheumatic diseases compared with non-PR individuals, employing the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) medical claims data, which covers all medical institutions of South Korea.Methods:The study used 2007-2018 claims data from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA). The identified 19,724 PR patients from 2010 to 2016 were assessed for the incidence rate (IR) compared with the population in the given year by 100,000 person-year (py). The date of diagnosis was the index date. After matching with non-PR individuals (1:10) for age, sex and the year of index date, we calculated the hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The risk of developing the various rheumatic diseases and adult immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) as the outcome diseases in PR cohort was estimated. This risk was compared with that of matched non-PR cohort.Results:Of 19,724 PR patients (8,665 males and 11,059 females), the mean age was 50.2 ± 14.9 years (47.7 ± 14.4 years in males and 52.6 ± 14.9 years in females,p< 0.001). The ratio of male to female patients with PR was approximately 1:1.28. The annual IR of PR was 7.02 (6.92-7.12) per 100,000 py (6.22 (6.09-6.35) and 7.80 (7.66-7.95) per 100,000 py in males and females, respectively). The mean duration to develop the outcome diseases was significantly shorter in PR cohort compared that of non-PR cohort (19.4 vs. 35.8 months,p< 0.001). The most common outcome disease was RA (7.34% of PR patients; 80.0% of total outcome diseases), followed by AS, SLE, BD, SjS, MCTD, DM/PM, SSc, RP, psoriatic arthropathy, and AIDS in PR cohort. The patients with PR had an increased risk of RA (HR 46.6, 95% CI [41.1-52.7]), psoriatic arthropathy (44.79 [15.2-132.4]), SLE (24.5 [16.2-37.2]), MCTD (22.0 [7.7-63.3]), BD (21.0 [13.8-32.1]), SjS (12.4 [8.5-17.9]), AS (9.0 [6.7-12.2]), DM/PM (6.1 [2.6-14.8]), and SSc (3.8 [1.5-9.6]) but not of AIDS. The risk of developing RA was greater in male patients (HR 58.9, 95% CI [45.6-76.2] vs. 43.2 [37.4-49.8],pfor interaction = 0.037) while female patients encountered a higher risk of developing AS (15.8 [8.9-28.1] vs. 7.2 [5.0-10.3],pfor interaction = 0.023). The risk of developing RA, SLE, SjS, and BD were significantly more highly affected in younger age (pfor interaction < 0.001, = 0.003, 0.002, and 0.017, at each).Conclusion:This nationwide, population-based cohort study demonstrated that patients with PR had an increased risk of developing various rheumatic diseases, not only RA but also psoriatic arthropathy. Therefore, patients with PR needs to be cautiously followed up for their potential of diverse outcome other than RA: RA, SLE, SjS, and BD in younger patients, RA in males, and AS in females, in particular.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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The effect of insulin pump therapy in retinal vasculature in type 1 diabetic patients

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/1120672121990576 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 112067212199057

Author(s):

Tomás de Oliveira Loureiro ◽

João Nobre Cardoso ◽

Carlos Diogo Pinheiro Lima Lopes ◽

Ana Rita Carreira ◽

Sandra Rodrigues-Barros ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Metabolic Control ◽

Insulin Pump Therapy ◽

Vascular Density ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Retinal Vasculature ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Mean ◽

Type 1 Diabetic Patients

Background/objectives: Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) is a treatment for type 1 diabetes that improves metabolic control and reduces micro and macrovascular complications. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of CSII versus traditional multiple daily injections (MDI) therapy on retinal vasculature. Methods: We performed a prospective study with type 1 diabetic patients with no prior history of ocular pathology other than mild diabetic retinopathy. The patients were divided into two groups according to their therapeutic modality (CSII vs MDI). The retinal nerve fiber layers thickness and vascular densities were compared between groups in both macula and optic disc. The correlations between vascular density and clinical features were also determined. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05. Results: The study included 52 eyes, 28 in the insulin CSII group. The mean age was 36.66 ± 12.97 years, with no difference between groups ( p = 0.49). The mean glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was found to be lower in the CSII group (7.1% ± 0.7 vs 7.5% ± 0.7 p < 0.01). The parafoveal vascular density was found to be higher in the CSII group (42.5% ± 0.4 vs 37.7% ± 0.6, p < 0.01). We found an inverse correlation between HbA1c value and parafoveal vascular densities ( p < 0.01, r = −0.50). Conclusion: We found that CSII provided better metabolic control than MDI and this seemed to result in higher parafoveal vascular density. As lower vascular density is associated with an increased risk of diabetic retinopathy, these results suggest that CSII could be the safest therapeutic option to prevent retinopathy.

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Outcomes of Local Bone Graft and Fixation of Proximal Pole Scaphoid Nascent Nonunions and Nonunions

Journal of Wrist Surgery ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1701512 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 09 (03) ◽

pp. 203-208

Author(s):

Kristin E. Shoji ◽

F. Joseph Simeone ◽

Sezai Ozkan ◽

Chaitanya S. Mudgal

Keyword(s):

Bone Graft ◽

Common Mechanism ◽

Study Cohort ◽

Proximal Pole ◽

Scaphoid Fractures ◽

Local Bone ◽

Case Series Study ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Surgical Fixation ◽

The Mean

Abstract Background Fractures of the proximal pole of the scaphoid have an increased risk of nonunion due to its tenuous blood supply. The optimal treatment of proximal pole scaphoid nonunions remains controversial. Objectives To review a single surgeon's experience with proximal pole scaphoid nascent nonunions (delayed unions) and nonunions that underwent surgical fixation with a cannulated headless compression screw and local autologous bone graft from the distal radius. Patients and Methods After obtaining Institutional Review Board approval, the electronic medical record of one tertiary care center was queried for patients with the diagnosis of “proximal pole scaphoid fractures” who underwent surgical fixation by a single surgeon over an 11-year period (2006–2017). Fifteen patients met initial query criteria; upon review of records, four patients were excluded due to the acute nature of the fracture, and one was excluded as surgical fixation included a vascularized bone graft. Results The final study cohort consisted of 10 patients with a total of 10 proximal pole scaphoid nonunions. Almost all of the patients in this study were male (9/10 [90%]), and sporting activities were the most common mechanism of injury (8/10 [80%]). Volumetric measurements of the scaphoid fractures on computed tomography (CT) revealed that the mean total volume of the scaphoid was 2.4 ± 0.48 cm3 and the mean volume of the proximal pole fragment was 0.38 ± 0.15 cm3. Postoperative CT scans were performed at a mean of 12.4 weeks (range: 8–16 weeks), with seven (7/10 [70%]) showing signs of complete union and three (3/10 [30%]) demonstrating partial union. None of the patients required additional procedures and there were no complications. Conclusions Our results suggest that proximal pole scaphoid fractures with delayed union and nonunion treated with surgical fixation and autologous local bone graft heal without the need for more complex vascularized procedures. The volume of the proximal pole fragment did not correlate with increased risk of ongoing nonunion after the index procedure. Level of Evidence This is a Level IV, case series study.

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