scholarly journals Usefulness of Nested PCR Assay for the Molecular Diagnosis of Human Rickettsial Infection: A Study in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Mahfuja Begam ◽  
Shaira Akter Shampa ◽  
Aleya Farzana ◽  
Abu Taher MD Zabed Hasan ◽  
Shirin Tarafder
Keyword(s):  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Rickettsial Infection ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiple Gene ◽  
Rickettsial Infections ◽  
Nested Pcr Assays

Background: Rickettsial infections are re-emerging arthropods born worldwide zoonotic disease caused by Rickettsia, which is responsible for spotted fever and typhus fever. The diagnosis of a rickettsial illness is important for appropriate antibiotic treatment. Aims: The study aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy and clinical usefulness of using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by comparing nested PCR, ELISA, and Weil-Felix (WF) tests.   Methodology: This was a prospective type of cross-sectional study. A total of 135 clinically suspected rickettsial infection cases were enrolled. Peripheral blood was taken to detect gltA, 17 kDa lipoprotein antigen gene (17 kDa), ompA, and ompB gene of Rickettsia by nested PCR. ELISA and Weil-Felix tests were done to compare with nested PCR. Results: Out of 135 cases, we detected Rickettsia in 70(51.85%) cases by nested PCR assay (p<0.01), 33((24.4%) by Weil- Felix test, 34 (25.18%) by ELISA. Only 26.66% of cases were PCR positive, which were negative by both ELISA and Weil-Felix test. Fifteen (11.11%) cases were positive by all three tests. Among 70 PCR positive rickettsia cases most frequently detected gene was ompB 42(60%), followed by 17kDa 34(48.58%); gltA 21(30%), and ompA 3(4.28%).  Multiple gene combinations (ompB, 17kDa and gltA) detected in 98.57 % cases. Conclusion: Nested PCR assays showed the highest rate of detection of rickettsia cases than ELISA and Weil-Felix test. Multiple gene combinations (ompB, 17kDa, and gltA) showed the highest positivity. Therefore, diagnosis of rickettsial infection can be confirmed by PCR assay, and clinicians can plan appropriate treatment for these patients.

Housing Conditions Linked to Tick (Ixodida: Ixodidae) Infestation in Rural Areas of Colombia: A Potential Risk for Rickettsial Transmission

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan C Quintero V ◽  
Javier Mignone ◽  
Lisardo Osorio Q ◽  
Astrid V Cienfuegos-Gallet ◽  
Carlos Rojas A
Keyword(s):  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Mixed Regression

Abstract This cross-sectional study explores the different conditions related to the infestation of ticks in households and the potential risks for rickettsial transmission in Urabá, Colombia. The main outcome of interest was villagers’ perception of tick infestation. The data were analyzed using a clog-log mixed regression model. Ticks were collected from infested humans to diagnose infection by spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR). In addition, a thematic analysis of qualitative data from key informants concerning knowledge about ticks was conducted. The prevalence of infestation of ticks in households was estimated at 60.99% (95% CI: 51.58–93.51). The multivariate model suggested that households with palm leaf roofs (PR = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.19–2.95), canines (PR = 1.76; 95% CI: 1.21–2.46), rats (PR = 2.19; 95% CI: 1.45–3.08), and with the presence of opossums in areas surrounding the households (PR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.05–2.10) had a higher prevalence of tick infestation. Two samples of the tick species Amblyomma patinoi were found infected with Rickettsia amblyommatis and Candidatus Rickettsia colombianensi. A thematic analysis provided the names that local community members give to ticks, areas where ticks are common, and the individuals at risk of infestation. The presence of domestic, synanthropic, and wild animals suggests a high risk of the dissemination of ticks inside dwellings and close to them in these rural areas.

scholarly journals Detection ofBabesia caballiandTheileria equiin Blood from Equines from Four Indigenous Communities in Costa Rica

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Fernanda Posada-Guzmán ◽  
Gaby Dolz ◽  
Juan José Romero-Zúñiga ◽  
Ana Eugenia Jiménez-Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
General Condition ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Theileria Equi ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Blood Smears

A cross-sectional study was carried out in four indigenous communities of Costa Rica to detect presence and prevalence ofBabesia caballiandTheileria equiand to investigate factors associated with presence of these hemoparasites. General condition of horses (n=285) was evaluated, and hematocrits and hemoglobin were determined from blood samples of 130 horses, which were also analyzed using blood smears, nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA). The general condition of the horses (n=285) in terms of their body and coat was between regular and poor, and hematocrit and hemoglobin average values were low (19% and 10.65 g/dL, resp.). Erythrocyte inclusions were observed in 32 (24.6%) of the samples. Twenty-six samples (20.0%) gave positive results forB. caballiand 60 (46.2%) forT. equi; 10 horses (7.7%) showed mixed infection, when analyzed by PCR. Using c-ELISA, it was found that 90 (69.2%) horses had antibodies againstB. caballiand 115 (88.5%) againstT. equi, while 81 (62.3%) showed mixed reactions. There were no factors associated with the presence ofB. caballiandT. equi. These results contrast with results previously obtained in equines in the Central Valley of Costa Rica.

scholarly journals Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 antigen electrochemiluminescence immunoassay to RT-PCR assay for laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 in Peshawar

Diagnosis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilal Iqbal ◽  
Maria Khan ◽  
Noman Shah ◽  
Mirza Muhammad Dawood ◽  
Valeed Jehanzeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Antigen Test ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Testing Algorithms ◽  
Frequent Testing ◽  
Antigen Testing

Abstract Objectives Antigen based rapid diagnostic tests possesses a potential to be utilized along with Gold standard methods to detect Covid-19 infection to cope with the demand of testing. The aim of this study was to determine diagnostic accuracy of electrochemiluminescence based automated antigen detection immunoassay comparing with molecular based test RT-PCR (Covid-19). Methods It was a cross-sectional study conducted in RMI Peshawar, from 1st April 2021 till 30th April 2021. The study comprised 170 individuals who were suspected of having Covid-19. Nasopharyngeal samples taken from suspected individuals were analyzed by RT-PCR and automated antigen test (Elecsys SARS-CoV-2 Antigen) simultaneously. The correlation of SARS-CoV-2 antigen with PCR positive and negative cases was analyzed for specificity, sensitivity respectively. Results The ECLIA based Elecsys antigen test (Roche) revealed overall sensitivity 72%, specificity 95% and accuracy of 94.9%. Sensitivity of antigen test progressively declined from 94.3% in Ct <25 to 70.8% in Ct 26–29 and then to 47.2% in Ct 30–35. Conclusions Based on the findings of our study we conclude that automated antigen testing (Elecsys SARS-CoV-2 Antigen) cannot replace molecular based testing like RT PCR. Elecsys SARS-CoV-2 Ag test should be used complementary to RT-PCR in testing algorithms. Frequent testing strategy should be adopted while using automated antigen testing to overcome its limitation in individuals with low viral loads.

scholarly journals Conventional Multiplex PCR For Identify Soil Transmitted Helminthes (Ascais Lumbricoides, Trichuris Trichura And Ancylostoma Duodenale) In Fecal Specimens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghada Basi Ali Alomashi ◽  
Hasan Raheem Khudhur ◽  
Layla Safar Jebur
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Stool Examination ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Multiplex Pcr Assay ◽  
Ancylostoma Duodenale

Abstract Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and Ancylostoma duodenale are soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) and medically neglected in Iraq country in spite of their effect on the public health. A cross-sectional study was performed in the Maternity and Childhood Teaching Hospital and General Education Hospital in Al-Dewanyia province, included 850 tool samples collected from patients who attended to the O&P lab. General stool examination (GSE), Direct wet mount method DWMM and Kato-Katz were using for diagnosis of STH infections through detected the adult and the ovum of the helminthes. A conventional multiplex PCR assay was used for detection of STHs in fecal samples. Base on microscopic examination. The results showed that 275/ 850 range among triple, double and single infection on other hand was 365/ 850 range among triple, double and single infection. In conclusions the investigative sensitivity of DWMM is notable for STH, in exception, it is capable to identify patients with the intention of highest required of management, and therefore contributes to the universal target to reduce STH as a community healthiness trouble.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic profile and distribution of Spotted Fever cases per brazilian region between the years 2008 and 2017

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e27011124843
Author(s):  
Juliana Hiromi Emin Uesugi ◽  
Caroline Ferreira Fernandes ◽  
Jonatan Carlos Cardoso da Silva ◽  
Hadassa Hanna Soares Martins ◽  
Eliane Leite da Trindade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Public Database ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Group Evolution ◽  
Sociodemographic Profile

This study aims to identify the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of Spotted Fever in Brazil between 2008 and 2017. A descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach that used as a source of data the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) available in the public database of the Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS), adopting the following variables within the pre-established period: Region of Notification, Sex, Age Group, Evolution, Infection Zone, Schooling, Environment of Infection, and Confirmation Criteria. Spotted fever was prevalent in the Southeast region of the country, although underreporting is a reality in other regions. The most affected population was male, economically active, living in rural areas, and with incomplete primary education. Thus, epidemiological surveillance is fundamental, especially in endemic and "silent" regions for the notification of the disease.

Seroprevalence of Rickettsial Infections in Northeast India: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 101053952110158
Author(s):  
Siraj A. Khan ◽  
Manoj V. Murhekar ◽  
Trishna Bora ◽  
Santhosh Kumar ◽  
Jahnabi Saikia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae ◽  
Rickettsial Infections

A cross-sectional survey was undertaken to estimate seroprevalence of immunoglobulin G antibodies against scrub typhus, spotted fever group rickettsiae, and typhus group rickettsiae in randomly selected 48 clusters in 12 districts of 3 Northeast states of India: Assam, Meghalaya, and Tripura. Individuals in 3 age groups (5-8, 9-17, and 18-45 years) were selected from each cluster. Sera (N = 2360) tested were collected as part of a national survey on dengue seroprevalence conducted between September 2017 and February 2018. Overall, seroprevalence of 2.5% was detected against rickettsioses, with highest positivity against spotted fever group rickettsiae, followed by scrub typhus and typhus group rickettsiae. Seroprevalence was highest in Tripura (3.7%), followed by Assam (2.6%) and Meghalaya (1.04%). Adults of 18 to 45 years of age were found to be most affected (3.8%). The study findings indicate the need for increasing testing facilities for active case detection at hospital levels. Efforts on implementing effective preventing strategies are suggested to be targeted in disease-specific endemic foci.

scholarly journals Assessing human exposure to spotted fever and typhus group rickettsiae in Ontario, Canada (2013–2018): a retrospective, cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark P. Nelder ◽  
Curtis B. Russell ◽  
Steven Johnson ◽  
Ye Li ◽  
Kirby Cronin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Exposure ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Ticks infesting humans and associated pathogens: a cross-sectional study in a 3-year period (2017–2019) in northwest Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Audino ◽  
Alessandra Pautasso ◽  
Veronica Bellavia ◽  
Valerio Carta ◽  
Alessio Ferrari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
At Risk Populations ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
Biomolecular Analysis

Abstract Background Tick-borne diseases are common throughout Europe. Ticks transmit pathogens to the host while feeding and together with mosquitoes, they are major vectors of infectious agents worldwide. In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the incidence of tick-bite events and tick-borne disease in northwest Italy, but information on the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in ticks removed from humans remains scarce. To fill this gap, we report here the prevalence of tick bites and tick-borne pathogens documented for humans in Piedmont, northwest Italy, in the 3-year period 2017–2019. Methods Ticks attached to humans during 2017–2019 were collected from residents of urban and rural area by physicians and veterinarians working with local veterinary agencies. All ticks (n = 1290) were morphologically identified to the species level. A subset of ticks removed from children (age 0–18 years) and the elderly (> 70 years), both age groups considered to be at-risk populations, was screened by biomolecular analysis to detect pathogens (e.g. Rickettsia spp., Borrelia spp., Anaplasma spp.). Pathogen identity was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Results Ticks were taxonomically assigned to ten species of six genera (Amblyomma, Dermacentor, Haemaphysalis, Hyalomma, Ixodes and Rhipicephalus). Most belonged to the genus Ixodes: 1009 ticks (78.22%) were classified as Ixodes ricinus. A subset of 500 ticks collected from the two at-risk populations were subjected to PCR assay to determine the presence of Rickettsia spp., Borrelia spp., and Anaplasma spp. The overall prevalence of infection was 22.8% (n = 114; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 19.19–26.73%), meaning that at least one pathogen was detected: Rickettsia spp. (prevalence 15%, n = 76; 95% CI 12.17–18.65%); Borrelia spp. (prevalence 6.4%, n = 32; 95% CI 4.42–8.92%); and Anaplasma spp. (prevalence 1.2%, n = 6; 95% CI 0.44–2.6%). Conclusions Our data underline the importance of surveillance in the epidemiology of tick-borne diseases and the implementation of strategies to control tick infestation and associated pathogens.

scholarly journals Antibodies against spotted fever group Rickettsia sp., in horses of the colombian Orinoquia

2015 ◽  
pp. 5004-5013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego A. Riveros-Pinilla ◽  
Leidy Acevedo G ◽  
Andrés F. Londoño ◽  
Agustín Góngora O
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Immunofluorescence Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence Test ◽  
Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia ◽  
Apparently Healthy

ABSTRACT Objective. It was determined the presence of antibodies against Rickettsia sp. of the spotted fever group, in horses of 8 municipalities of the Colombian Orinoquia. Matherials and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 246 sera from apparently healthy horses and processed by the indirect immunofluorescence test (IFI). Results. General seropositivity was (2.85%; 7/246), while by municipalities the results were, Arauca (9.1%; 2/22), Saravena (5.6%; 1/18), San José del Guaviare (4.9%; 2/41), San Martín (3.8%; 1/26), Yopal (1.9%; 1/52). It was not identified the presence of antibodies in Puerto López (0/52), Puerto Gaitán (0/15) and Villavicencio (0/20). Four of the positive samples presented titles of 1:64, while the remaining 3 1:128. Conclusions. It shows the circulation of Rickettsia sp. of the Spotted Fever Group in horses in the region of the Colombian Orinoquia, suggesting the need for further studies to understand the ecoepidemiology of municipalities with presence of seropositive.

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