scholarly journals Inflammatory Markers in Workers Occupationally Exposed to Petrol and Petroleum Products

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Anya Ojiugo Hannah ◽  
Nwachuku Edna Ogechi ◽  
A. Waribo Hellen ◽  
Bartimaeus Ebirien-Agana Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
State University ◽  
Inflammation Markers ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference

Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Abia State University Teaching Hospital, Aba, Abia State and Laboratory Department, JAROS Inspection Services Limited, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, between April 2018 and June 2018. Methodology: A total of 204 samples comprising of 123 auto-mechanics and 81 non -auto-mechanics were assayed. Detailed information of the bio-data of the subjects including age, gender, medical history, health information and lifestyle were obtained from each participant. Blood samples were collected from for the analysis of inflammation markers, IL-6, TNF-α and CRP were determined using standard methods and techniques. The effect of age and duration of exposure on the inflammation parameters were considered.  Statistical Analysis System (SAS), STAT 15.1, developed by SAS Institute, North Carolina State University, USA was used for statistical analysis. Data were presented as Mean ± SEM, comparison of means of groups that are more than two was done using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and the Tukey test of multiple comparison was used to test for variance within and across groups. Results: There was significant increase in the means of IL-6, TNF-α and CRP in the exposed subjects (p <0.05) compared with the control subjects There was no significant difference (p >0.05) in the means of IL-6, TNF-α and C-reactive protein (CRP) between the age groups of the exposed and the control subjects. Similarly, there was no significant difference between the groups, based on duration of exposure. This suggests that the toxic effect does not depend on the age or duration of exposure but on other factors for the automechanics in Aba.  Conclusion: This study shows that the exposure of automechanics may significantly increase the serum IL-6 TNF-α and Hs-CRP levels. Increase in the serum levels of the inflammation markers is predictive of the danger of future pathology in automechanics compared with non automechanics in Aba metropolis. Age and duration did not influence significant variation in the automechanics.

scholarly journals IL-32 Serum Levels in Coronary Artery Disease Patient and its Relationship with IL-6 and TNF-α Serum Levels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Mohammad-Rezaei ◽  
Reza Ahmadi ◽  
Ali Rafiei ◽  
Arsalan Khaledifar ◽  
Shohila Fatahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Arterial Stenosis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Major Vessel ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by atherosclerosis and arteries become clogged due to plaque formation, fat accumulation, and various sorts of immune cells. IL-32 is a new proinflammatory cytokine, which enhances inflammation through inducing different inflammatory cytokines. The purpose of current research was to assess IL-32 serum levels in coronary artery disease subjects and its relationship with serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α. Forty-two subjects diagnosed with CAD and thirty-nine control subjects were enrolled in the research. Serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-32 were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IL-32, TNF-α, and IL-6 serum levels were significantly higher by 2.7, 3.48, and 3.2-fold in the CAD subjects than in control subjects, respectively. Moreover, no significant difference was found in TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-32 serum levels with the clogged arteries number in the CAD group. TNF-α and IL-32 serum levels in the CAD subjects with cardiac arterial stenosis in one major vessel were significantly increased than CAD subjects with cardiac arterial stenosis in more than one major vessels. ROC curve analysis revealed that serum levels of IL-32, TNF-α, and IL-6 showed good abilities in predicting CAD. Also, Multiple logistic regression analyses suggested that TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-32, serum levels of LDL and ox-LDL were independently related to the presence of CAD, while HDL serum levels were not. TNF-α, IL-32, and IL-6 showed an increase in CAD group and serum levels of these cytokines showed good abilities in predicting CAD. Our data suggested the involvement of TNF-α and IL-32 in the early stage of CAD.

Osteoprotegerin and Osteopontin Serum Levels are Associated with Vascular Function and Inflammation in Coronary Artery Disease Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Maniatis ◽  
Gerasimos Siasos ◽  
Evangelos Oikonomou ◽  
Manolis Vavuranakis ◽  
Marina Zaromytidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Atherosclerosis Progression ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Stable Cad

Background: Osteoprotegerin and osteopontin have recently emerged as key factors in both vascular remodelling and atherosclerosis progression. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an inflammatory cytokine with a key role in atherosclerosis. The relationship of osteoprotegerin, osteopontin, and IL-6 serum levels with endothelial function and arterial stiffness was evaluated in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: We enrolled 219 patients with stable CAD and 112 control subjects. Osteoprotegerin, osteopontin and IL-6 serum levels were measured using an ELISA assay. Endothelial function was evaluated by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in the brachial artery and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured as an index of aortic stiffness. Results: There was no significant difference between control subjects and CAD patients according to age and sex. Compared with control subjects, CAD patients had significantly impaired FMD (p<0.001) and increased PWV (p=0.009). CAD patients also had significantly higher levels of osteoprotegerin (p<0.001), osteopontin (p<0.001) and IL-6 (p=0.03), compared with control subjects. Moreover, IL-6 levels were correlated with osteoprotegerin (r=0.17, p=0.01) and osteopontin (r=0.30, p<0.001) levels. FMD was correlated with osteoprotegerin levels independent of possible confounders [b coefficient= - 0.79, 95% CI (-1.54, -0.05), p=0.04]. Conclusion: CAD patients have increased osteoprotegerin, osteopontin and IL-6 levels. Moreover, there is a consistent association between osteoprotegerin and osteopontin serum levels, vascular function and inflammation in CAD patients. These findings suggest another possible mechanism linking osteoprotegerin and osteopontin serum levels with CAD progression through arterial wall stiffening and inflammation.

Hair Magnesium content and its relation to Serum Magnesium level in children with Idiopathic Epilepsy

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Mahmoud Shatla ◽  
Mariam Fathy Abdel Maksoud ◽  
Raghda Mohamed Hesham Zaitoun ◽  
Alaa Rabie Abdel Baset Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Magnesium Level ◽  
Idiopathic Epilepsy ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

Abstract Objective To measure the level of hair Mg, as well as its level in serum, in patients with epilepsy and compare them to the levels found in non-epileptic age and gender matched children, and to explore any potential correlation between either serum or hair level of magnesium and seizure characteristics in children with idiopathic epilepsy. Methods An observational cross-sectional study including 50 children with idiopathic epilepsy and 100 non-epileptic age and gender matched control subjects. Cases were subjected to full history taking, examination and measurements of serum and hair levels of magnesium, control subjects only had their serum and hair level of magnesium measured as for the cases. Results The mean serum magnesium was 29.11 ± 13.42 ug/ml for cases and 27.67 ± 7.24 ug/ml for controls and the median hair level of magnesium was 42.22 ug/g with IQR of 25.9 - 56.82 for cases and 38.6 ug/g with IQR of 25.21 - 61.25 for controls. No statistically significant difference was observed between both groups as regards either serum or hair magnesium levels. No statistically significant correlation was observed between either hair or serum levels of magnesium and seizure characteristics though the correlations were nearing statistical significance for the hair magnesium content. Conclusion Hair magnesium level may be better correlated to seizure characteristics and control than serum levels in patients with epilepsy.

scholarly journals Serum levels of CXCL-8, IL-10, and TNF-alpha in ankylosing spondylitis patients

Biomedicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhuha Karim
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Hla B27 ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wbc Count

The mean age of AS patients was (35.0 ± 9.8) years.When the patients and control subjects were divided into different age groups (>40, 30-40, <30 years), the differences were not significantin terms of disease prevalence. The results also showed that the percentage of male patients is higher than that of females. There was no significant difference (P?0.05) between patients and controls in the distribution of males and females.Most of the patients had the disease for a period of 5 years or higher, with a disease severity of ? 2.1 and functional disability degree of I, II. The resultsshoweddifferent patterns of distribution for the three tested cytokines. A significant increase in the level of TNF-?, anon-significantincrease in the level of CXCL-8, and a significant decrease in the level of IL-10 were observed in the sera of patients with AS compared with the control.The patients also demonstrated significant decreases in the serum ALT and AST enzyme levels, hemoglobin (Hb) level, white blood cells (WBC) count, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (P?0.05).The percentage of HLA-B27-positive Iraqi patients was lower than that of the HLA-B27-negative patients. Some of these patterns were also exposed to changes related to some determinants in patients, which included age, sex, disease duration, disease severity, functional disability, and HLA-B27 positivity,along with association with clinical subtypes of AS.The area under the curve was determined for the parameters of ESR, IL-10, TNF-? and CXCL-8.The most significant factor was found to beESR, followed by IL-10, and then TNF-?, with the presence of significant differences, while there was no diagnostic significance for CXCL-8 ,which showed no significant difference (p?0.05).  

Soluble levels and endogenous vascular gene expression of KLOTHO are related to inflammation in human atherosclerotic disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 131 (21) ◽  
pp. 2601-2609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Martín-Núñez ◽  
Javier Donate-Correa ◽  
Ángel López-Castillo ◽  
Alejandro Delgado-Molinos ◽  
Carla Ferri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Atherosclerotic Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Tnf Α

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the artery wall. Klotho, an anti-aging factor expressed in the vessel walls that participates in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis, can be down-regulated by inflammation. In this proof-of-concept work we seek to characterize the arterial KLOTHO expression in the vascular wall, as well as the serum concentration of this protein, in a group of patients with clinical atherosclerotic disease. In addition, we aim to analyze the relationship between Klotho and inflammation. Vascular samples were obtained from 27 patients with atherosclerotic disease under an elective vascular surgery procedure, and from 11 control subjects (cadaveric organ donation programme). qRT-PCR was performed to analyze the gene expression of KLOTHO, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10. Serum levels of soluble KLOTHO were measured by ELISA. As compared with control subjects, serum concentrations and vascular expression of Klotho were lower in patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease, whereas inflammatory status was significantly higher. There was a negative and significant correlation between inflammatory parameters and Klotho. After controlling for the effect of other variables, partial correlation showed a direct relationship between vascular KLOTHO gene expression and IL-10 mRNA levels, whereas there was a negative association with serum LDL concentrations and vascular TNF-α expression. Our study indicates an inverse interrelationship between inflammation and Klotho in atherosclerosis. Further studies are necessary to elucidate whether the inflammatory state causes Klotho deficiency or, on the contrary, reduction of Klotho could be responsible for greater inflammation, and finally, to investigate the potential clinical relevance of this association.

scholarly journals Effect of Histone Deacetylase HDAC3 on Cytokines IL-18, IL-12 and TNF-α in Patients with Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 1294-1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Shao ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Jiao Zheng ◽  
Cai-Ru Liu
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Histone Deacetylase ◽  
Intrahepatic Cholestasis ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intrahepatic Cholestasis Of Pregnancy ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cholestasis Of Pregnancy

Background/aims: The pathogenesis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is poorly understood. Objective: This study aimed to explore the possible effect of HDAC3 (histone deacetylase) on cytokines IL-18, IL-12 and TNF-α in ICP. Methods: Serum levels of cytokines IL-18, IL-12 and TNF-α, bile acids and hepatic function parameters were measured. The expression of HDAC3 in the placenta was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blotting and RT-PCR. Results: IL-18, IL-12 and TNF-α serum levels were significantly higher in the severe ICP group than in the mild ICP group and the control group, and the difference between the mild ICP group and control group was not significant. HDAC3 protein expression was identified in the nucleus of the placental trophoblast by IHC. HDAC3 mRNA and protein expression were significantly lower in the ICP groups (mild ICP and severe ICP groups) than in the control groups, and no significant difference was found between the mild ICP and severe ICP groups. Conclusions: The low expression of HDAC3 and overexpession of inflammatory cytokines (IL-18, IL-12 and TNF-α) in ICP may be involved in liver cell apoptosis. We suspect that HDAC3 may play an important role in the pathophysiology of ICP.

scholarly journals A Randomized Control Trial Study to Determine the Effect of Melatonin on Serum Levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoomeh Yosefifard ◽  
Gholamhassan Vaezi ◽  
Ali Akbar Malekirad ◽  
Fardin Faraji ◽  
Vida Hojati
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common neurological disease that happens at a young age. MS is an inflammatory disease; associated with the demyelination of the central nervous system. Therefore, some inflammatory factors are effective in the mechanism and progression of the disease. Melatonin, as a multi-effect substance including anti-inflammatory effects, can reduce symptoms of MS in patients with a change in their inflammatory factors level. In this study, 50 MS patients who were referred to the MS Society of Markazi Province were randomly selected. All patients were treated with routine MS treatment (interferon) and were divided into control (25 placebo recipients) and treatment (25 recipients of 3 mg melatonin per day for 24 weeks) groups. Anthropometric data of patients including height, weight, and age were determined. Blood samples were collected after fasting in order to determine serum levels of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Then, samples were immediately centrifuged for serum separation and sera were transferred to a freezer at -80°C and serum levels of these factors were determined; using ELISA kit. The results of this study showed that there was no significant difference between the control and treatment groups in terms of serum levels of TNF-α. However, the level of IL-1β was significantly reduced in the treatment group compared to the control group, indicating that melatonin decreases this inflammatory substance. Our findings suggest a valuable strategy in the treatment of patients who suffer from MS

scholarly journals Effects of General Anesthesia Versus Spinal Anesthesia on Serum Cytokine Release after Cesarean Section: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Vosoughian ◽  
Mastaneh Dahi ◽  
Shideh Dabir ◽  
Mohammadreza Moshari ◽  
Soodeh Tabashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Spinal Anesthesia ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Major Surgery ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
General Anesthesia Group ◽  
Anesthesia Group ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Tissue damage caused by major surgery, such as cesarean section, may lead to a poor host immune response and excessive release of cytokines. These responses may increase the risk of infection, cause postoperative pain, and exert damaging effects on various body organs. Objectives: Anesthesia methods may affect cytokine production after surgery. This study aimed to compare the serum levels of cytokines in general and spinal anesthesia among women undergoing cesarean section. Methods: Thirty parturients (ASA class I and II) undergoing cesarean section were randomly assigned into two equal groups of spinal anesthesia and general anesthesia. Blood samples were taken for measuring the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) before induction of anesthesia and 30 minutes after entering the recovery room. Results: In the general anesthesia group, the postoperative serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly higher than the corresponding preoperative levels. Significant differences were found between the two groups in the preoperative and postoperative levels of TNF-α. Changes in the IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations were significantly higher in the general anesthesia group as compared to the spinal anesthesia group. However, there was no significant difference in the IL-6:IL-10 and TNF-α: IL-10 ratios between the two groups. Conclusions: General anesthesia, as compared to spinal anesthesia, significantly increased the IL-6 and TNF-α levels after cesarean section. Therefore, the spinal anesthesia technique may be a better option for patients undergoing cesarean section.

scholarly journals Spatio-Statistical Analysis of Rainfall and Temperature Distribution, Anomaly and Trend in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Elisha Ademola Adeleke ◽  
Eniola Aminat Orebayo
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Rainfall Anomaly ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Onset Date ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Sunshine Hours ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

This study aims to examine the variability of rainfall and temperature based on spatio-statistical analysis. Data for the study was gotten from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency and subjected to statistical analysis using mean, standard deviation, time series analysis, t-test and correlation. The results of the study revealed that the mean rainfall in the area is 108.6 mm, mean temperature is 28o C and mean sunshine is 4.7 hours. The result further revealed that mean onset date in the state is 13th march, mean cessation date is 10th October while the mean length of rainy season is 223 days. The result also showed that rainfall anomaly index in the area ranged between -2.12 and 2.28 while temperature anomaly ranged between -2.31 and 1.73.  The correlation coefficient showed that cessation (0.408) and Length of rainy season (0.406) is significantly related to rainfall, sunshine hours (0.380) and Average temperature (0.867) is significantly related to minimum temperature, sunshine hours (-0.389) and average temperature (0.749) is significantly related to maximum temperature while onset (-0.642) and cessation (0.509) is significantly related to length of rainy season. However,there is a significant difference in onset dates, cessation dates and length of rainy season in the area. The area is experiencing a significant increase in temperature, rainfall and sunshine hours and recommends that more tress should be planted in the area and Nigerian meteorological agency should also inform farmers about the onset of the rains so as to help the farmers prepare for the planting season. Keywords: Climate; Rainfall; Anomaly; Temperature; Cessation; Onset   Copyright (c) 2020 Geosfera Indonesia Journal and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License

scholarly journals Pediatric Discharges Against Medical Advice: A Review of Cases in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adefunke Olarinre Babatola ◽  
Oladele Simeon Olatunya ◽  
Ezra Olatunde Ogundare ◽  
Ayotunde Emmanuel Ajibola ◽  
Temitope Olumuyiwa Ojo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Medical Advice ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
State University ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Against Medical Advice ◽  
Common Diagnosis

Background: Knowledge of the profile of pediatric discharge against medical advice (DAMA) may help design interventions to reduce its prevalence. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the profile of pediatric DAMA at Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital (EKSUTH), Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study included all pediatric cases of DAMA from January 2012 to December 2018. Relevant information was extracted from the patients’ case notes. Data was analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23. Results: The overall prevalence of pediatric DAMA was 3.8%. Of the 233 pediatric DAMA with complete information, 127 (54.5%) were males. Severe malaria (27.3%) was the most common diagnosis among DAMA cases at the children emergency ward (CEW), while severe perinatal asphyxia (25.0%) and neonatal sepsis (25.0%) were the most common at the special care baby unit (SCBU). Only 1 (0.4%) patient was enrolled in the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS). Moreover, 43 (18.5%) parents took DAMA due to financial constraints, and 55% of the patients had their DAMA form signed by their fathers. In addition, among the patients who referred for follow-up, 11 (4.7%) patients fully recovered, 2 (0.8%) recovered with disability, 1 (0.4%) was readmitted, and 1 (0.4%) died. The highest and lowest DAMA rates were in the months of May and December, respectively. Patients aged under five years old who took DAMA significantly had infectious diseases compared to older age groups (P

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