scholarly journals Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Morphological Traits of Mango Genotypes Using D2 Statistics

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
Swosti S. Das ◽  
K. Kishore ◽  
D. Lenka ◽  
D. K. Dash ◽  
K. C. Samal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Clustering Pattern ◽  
Hybridization Programme

An experiment was conducted during 2018-2020 to study the genetic diversity in 24 morphological traits using D2 statistics in mango genotypes of eastern tropical region of India. Present study reveals that the clustering pattern based on D2 statistics grouped 40 genotypes of mango into 7 clusters, out of which cluster VI (7397.45) shows the highest intracluster value followed by cluster III (5346.99) and cluster V (4130.4), indicating considerable genetic divergence among the accessions of this cluster. While maximum inter- cluster distance was observed between the cluster VI and VII (300180) followed by cluster II and VI (289267.7) and cluster I and VI (214380.5) indicated that the accessions belonging to these groups were genetically most diverse and can be used as a parent in hybridization programme. Wide range of genetic diversity observed among cluster VI and cluster VII, can either be utilized for breeding programmes for genetic improvement in mango or directly adopted as a variety. Fruit yield exhibited significant contribution towards the genetic divergence (60.77%) followed by fruit weight (26.79%), stone percentage (4.74%), peel percentage (2.31%) and pulp percentage (2.05%).

scholarly journals Studies on Genetic Divergence for Yield and Quality Traits in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
Om Prakash Kumawat ◽  
Udit Kumar ◽  
Satish Kumar Singh ◽  
Sooraj Maurya ◽  
Sooraj Maurya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Clustering Pattern ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Genetic divergence analysis, using Mahalanobis D2 statistics, was carried out in twenty one cucumber genotypes including one check for fourteen characters. All the characters under study showed considerable divergence and the genotypes were grouped into four clusters. The clustering pattern had no parallelism between genetic diversity and geographical distribution, suggesting that the selection of parental genotypes for hybridization will be more appropriate based on genetic diversity. Cluster III contained the maximum (5) number of genotypes, whereas remaining all clusters I, II and IV contained similar (4) genotypes. The Intra-cluster distance was maximum (306.685) in cluster III whereas, it was minimum (163.11) in cluster II. Maximum average inter-cluster distance (1439.432) was recorded between cluster IV and cluster V, suggesting the greater chances of getting superior hybrids in F1 or transgressive segregants in subsequent generations. Genotypes in cluster IV were superior in node number of first female flower, days to first flowering, shelf-life, TSS, fruit length, fruit weight and fruit yield per plant. Cluster V had superiority in terms of vine length and number of seeds per fruit. Fruit weight, TSS, number of seeds per fruit, node number of first female flower, shelf-life, days to first harvest and days to first flowering contributed towards genetic divergence.

scholarly journals Genetic Divergence in Pointed Gourd

1970 ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
MY Kabir ◽  
ASMMR Khan ◽  
MS Hassain
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Late Maturity ◽  
Pointed Gourd ◽  
Clustering Pattern

The experiment was conducted at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Ishurdi, Pabna during the growing season 2005-2006 to estimate the genetic diversity among 24 genotypes of pointed gourd by using Mahalanobis D² statistics for nine characters. The genotypes were grouped in to five clusters. The cluster I and III consisted of highest number of genotypes and it was six. The cluster IV contained the lowest number of genotypes and it was three. The clustering pattern of the genotypes under this study revealed that the genotypes collected from the same location were grouped into different clusters. The genotypes of Kushtia were distributed in different clusters. The inter cluster distance were larger than the intra cluster distance suggesting wider genetic diversity among the genotypes of different groups. The highest intra cluster distance was computed for cluster IV (35.80) and the minimum intra cluster distance was found in cluster III (18.37). The clusters IV and II were more diverse as indicated by maximum inter cluster distances between them (41.56) and the minimum inter cluster divergence was observed between cluster III and II (6.84). Cluster II had the highest cluster mean value for number of fruits per plant (391), weight of fruit per plant (11.72kg) and yield (35.28t/ha). Genotypes of the cluster V had late maturity. Key words: Genotype; genetic diversity; pointed gourd. DOI: 10.3329/jard.v7i1.4426 J Agric Rural Dev 7(1&2), 87-92, June 2009

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of yield related traits in a large subset of exotic and indigenous rice germplasm collection maintained at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University gene bank

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-495
Author(s):  
K Amudha ◽  
G Ariharasutharsan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Rice Germplasm ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Clustering Pattern

The present investigation was carried out to explore the extent of genetic divergence in 95 rice germplasm accessions for twelve characters during kharif, 2018. In D2 analysis, the 95 genotypes were grouped into fifteen clusters. The clustering pattern indicated that there was no parallelism between genetic diversity and geographical origin as the genotypes from same origin were included in different clusters and vice versa. The highest intra cluster distance was registered in cluster V (215.183) followed by cluster IX (209.831), cluster VIII (204.057) and cluster XIV (202.623).The maximum inter cluster distance was observed between cluster II and cluster III (991.049) followed by cluster II and cluster X (974.960), cluster III and cluster XI (963.826), cluster II and XII (962.013), cluster X and cluster XI (932.469) and cluster XI and cluster XII (919.151). Genetically distant parents from those clusters could be able to produce higher heterosis in progenies on hybridization. Grain yield per plant, 100 grain weight and days to 50% flowering were the major contributors towards the total genetic divergence among the genotypes studied. Thus selection could be made based on grain yield per plant, hundred grain weight and days to 50%flowering for the progenies identified.

scholarly journals GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN ASH GOURD (Benincasa hispida Thunb.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Afroze ◽  
M. G. Rasul ◽  
A. K. M. Aminul Islam ◽  
M. A. K. Mian ◽  
T. Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Geographical Isolation ◽  
Benincasa Hispida ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Total Divergence ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Ash Gourd

Genetic divergence among 46 ash gourd genotypes from different origins was investigated to select the parents for hybridization using Mahalanobis D2 statistics. Though the genotypes grouped into seven clusters, the pattern of distribution of the genotypes into different clusters were random indicating that the geographical isolation was not always related to genetic diversity. Characters like fruit weight, fruits per plant, days to first male flower and nodes for first male flower contributed considerably to the total divergence. Maximum inter-cluster distance between cluster III and IV indicating wide genetic divergence between the genotypes of these two clusters (cluster III and IV followed by cluster IV and VII). However, the intra-cluster distances were smaller than inter-cluster distances. Thus, crossing between the genotypes of these two groups (cluster III and IV) would produce high heterotic progeny and may produce new recombinants with desired traits.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v20i1.17014

scholarly journals Evaluation of Genetic Diversity in Bottle Gourd Germplasm Based on Phenotypic Characters for Yield and Yield Associated Traits

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Muzeev Ahmad ◽  
Bijendra Singh ◽  
Khursheed Alam ◽  
Satya Prakash ◽  
Archi Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Bottle Gourd ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Phenotypic Characters ◽  
Clustering Pattern ◽  
Fruit Harvest ◽  
Fruit Diameter

The experiment was conducted during Kharif season 2018 at Horticulture Research Centre, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology; Modipuram, Meerut (U.P.) assess the genetic diversity among fifteen genotypes of bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.]. The genetic diversity analysis according to that the formation of five clusters suggesting the presence of wide genetic diversity. The clustering pattern showed that geographical diversity wasn't related to genetic diversity. The analysis of % contribution of assorted characters toward the expression of total genetic divergence showed that the Days to 50% flowering (14.48%) followed Days of fruit set (12.95%), Vine length (m) (11.67%), Number of fruits per plant (10.93%), Number of the primary branches (10.37%), Days to first fruit harvest (10.16%), Average fruit weight (g) (9.44%), Fruit diameter (cm) (6.63%) contributed maximum towards total genetic divergence. Based on the maximum genetic distance. It is advisable to attempt a crossing of the genotype from cluster II (GP-7) with the genotype of cluster I (GP-5), cluster IV (GP-2) and cluster III (GP-1), which may cause to the generation of a broad spectrum of favorable genetic variability for yield improvement in bottle gourd.

scholarly journals ​Estimation of Genetic Variability and Genetic Divergence in Dolichos Bean [Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet.] Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udit Kumar ◽  
Pramila . ◽  
K. Prasad ◽  
R.K. Tiwari ◽  
Saipayan Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Maturity Period

Background: Dolichos bean is an important leguminous vegetable having a wide range of variation in different quantitative characters. Assessing genetic diversity among dolichos bean accessions can ensure development of suitable high-yielding and adapted varieties with suitable maturity period. Methods: Fifteen genotypes were evaluated for different characters in Dolichos bean at two locations of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University viz. Vegetable Research Farm, Pusa and Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Birauli, Samastipur, Bihar during the year 2018-19 and pooled data was analyzed. The genotypes were evaluated for genetic variability and genetic divergence for 14 characters. For the assessment of genetic diversity among the fifteen genotypes of dolichos bean, Mahalanobis (D2) statistic (Mahalanobis, 1936) was used, following the procedure given by Rao, 1952. Grouping of genotypes into clusters was done using Tocher’s method as described by Rao, 1952. Result: Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV) was slightly higher than Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV) for all the characters indicated that the characters were less influenced by environment. The characters having high heritability and high genetic advance include harvesting duration, number of pods per plant, pod length, pod diameter, individual pod weight, weight of seeds per pod, 100 fresh green seed weight, pod yield and percent incidence of yellow mosaic virus. Therefore, selection for above characters is highly effective. Genetic diversity analysis evaluated that all genotypes could be placed into 6 clusters. Genotypes grouped in Cluster III and I have highest mean value for all characters as well as highest inter-cluster distance.

scholarly journals Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Based on Agro-Morphological Traits

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Tushar Arun Mohanty ◽  
Umesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Satish Kumar Singh ◽  
Digvijay Singh ◽  
Nitesh Kushwaha
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Maximum Contribution ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Sesame Genotypes ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Hybridization Programme

Genetic divergence among parents is of paramount importance in selecting them for hybridization programme for crop improvement. Genetic divergence was assessed among 30 sesame genotypes which were evaluated in RBD with an objective to classify and understand the nature and magnitude of genetic diversity with regard to grain yield, yield components and quality traits using Mahalanobis D2 statistics. The genotypes differed significantly regarding the characters studied and displayed marked divergence and were grouped into four clusters following Tocher’s method. Cluster I had twenty-seven genotypes while the Cluster II, cluster III and cluster IV were monogenotypic comprised only one genotype each. The oil content exhibited maximum contribution towards divergence. The  maximum inter  cluster  distance  was  recorded  between  cluster  III  and  IV (2717.76) followed by cluster I and IV (1760.59), cluster II and III (991.96), cluster I and II (695.67), cluster I and III (637.32) and cluster II and IV (584.59) indicating the chances of getting high yielding recombinants would be better if the crosses are made among the genotypes of these groups under timely sown condition. The genotypes in cluster III and cluster IV, due to maximum inter cluster distance between them, exhibited high degree of genetic diversity and thus may be utilized under inter varietal hybridization programme (transgressive breeding) for getting high yielding recombinants. The analysis of divergence indicated significant differences among parental lines for all the agro-morphological characters. Based on results obtained in the present investigation, it is concluded that the allelic diversity can be used for future breeding program. The traits under study are largely associated with each other and should be taken into consideration either simultaneously or alone for selecting a high yielding sesame genotype.

scholarly journals Genetic divergence in grain amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.)

Genetika ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Pandey ◽  
Rekha Singh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Geographical Region ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Grain Amaranth ◽  
Amaranthus Hypochondriacus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Transgressive Segregants ◽  
Cluster Values ◽  
Clustering Pattern ◽  
Hybridization Programme

Extent and magnitude of genetic divergence for 14 characters among 98 genotypes of grain amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.) were determined for the purpose of identifying more diverse parents which are expected to engender maximum variability. Based on genetic divergence D2 statistics, genotypes were grouped into 18 clusters in which cluster I contained maximum number of genotypes (42), Cluster II (11), Cluster III (7), Cluster IV and V (5 in each case) and Cluster VI has 4 genotypes. Cluster VII, VIII, IX, X have (3 in each), cluster XI, XII, XIII, XIV (2 in each) and clusters XV, XVI, XVII and XVIII (1in each case). The clustering pattern revealed that there was no relationship between genetic divergence and eco-geographical region. Intra cluster values ranged from 0.00 to 141.86 and cluster XI is most diverse group. The inter cluster values ranged from 133.08 to 1214.59. Maximum divergence was noticed between clusters VIII and XI (1214.59) followed by clusters XI and XV (982.16) and clusters II and XI (938.89). The diverse clusters derived could be used in hybridization programme to generate wide range of transgressive segregants in population to develop high yielding grain amaranth varieties.

scholarly journals Genetic Divergence Studies for Morphological Traits in Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] over the Environments

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Vikas Khandelwal ◽  
A. Keerthika ◽  
Meenakshi Dhoot
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Genetic diversity is an essential prerequisite for improving the genetic makeup of any crop. Inclusion of genetically diverse parents in hybridization programme helps in isolation of superior recombinants. So, an experiment was conducted to investigate the genetic diversity among 150 genotypes of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] Rajasthan during Kharif - 2013, 2014 and 2015 in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Present study reveals that the clustering pattern based on D2 statistics grouped 150 genotypes into 6 clusters, out of which cluster 1 shows the highest intra cluster value (142.62) followed by cluster 2 (119.47). While maximum inter cluster distance (i.e.652.68) was observed between cluster 5 and cluster 6, indicating there is presence of wide range of genetic diversity among the sorghum genotypes. Such genotypes with wide genetic diversity based on their mean values can either be utilized for breeding programmes for genetic improvement in sorghum or directly adopted as a variety.

scholarly journals Genetic divergence analysis in bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.]

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1949-1953
Author(s):  
C. P. Chetariya ◽  
M. A. Vaddoria
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Bottle Gourd ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Geographic Diversity ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Clustering Pattern ◽  
Male To Female

The study was conducted during summer 2014-15 at the Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh to assess the genetic diversity among 50 genotypes of bottle gourd (Ligenaria siceraria L.). The genetic diversity analysis revealed the formation of 13 clusters suggesting the presence of wide genetic diversity. The clustering pattern indicated that geographic diversity was not associated with genetic diversity. The analysis of per cent contribution of various characters towards the expression of total genetic divergence indicated that number of fruits per vine (22.45%) followed by number of primary branches per vine (13.80%), average fruit weight (11.51%), vine length (11.18%), fruit yield per vine (10.61%), number of male flowers (7.84%), fruit length (6.45%), ratio of male to female flowers (4.82%), days to first picking (4.49%) and days to opening of first male flower (3.84%) contributed maximum towards total genetic divergence. Based on the maximum genetic distance. It is advisable to attempt crossing of the genotypes from cluster XII(GP-14) with the genotypes of cluster IV (GP-25) and XI (GP-53), which may lead to the generation of broad spectrum of favourable genetic variability for yield improvement in bottle gourd.

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