scholarly journals Long Term Effect (17 Years) of Different Nutrient Management Practices on Crop Yield Trends, Soil Productivity and Sustainability in Rice-rice Cropping System under Semi Arid Tropical Climatic Condition in an Inceptisol of India

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
G. Kiran Reddy ◽  
S. H. K. Sharma ◽  
K. Chandra Shaker ◽  
P. Ravi ◽  
Muneshwar Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Available N

A long term fertilizer experiment was initiated at PJTSAU sub campus, Jagtial, Telangana state, during rainy season of the year 2000-01 in rice-rice continuous cropping system. The experiment was conducted in a fixed plan layout with 11 treatments (and 1 fallow) which included various combinations of inorganic and organic fertilizers and was replicated 4 times under randomized block design. At the initiation of Experiment the soil properties were clay texture with pH 8.22, organic carbon 7.9 g/kg, Available Nitrogen (N) 107.6 kg/ha, Available Phosphorus (P) 19.6 kg/ha and Available Potassium (K) 364 kg/ha. The study was conducted over a period of 17 years comprising of 34 cropping cycles, in rainy season where all treatments received optimum dose (100% NPK), super optimum dose (150% NPK) and integrated treatments (100% NPK + FYM 5 t/ha) (FYM – farm yard manure) gave onpar yields. However in the post rainy season, 150% NPK treatment gave superior yield compared to all treatments except NPK+ FYM 5 t/ha. NPK + FYM 5 t/ha and 150% NPK treatments recorded the most sustainable yield index (SYI) of 0.65 in rainy and post rainy season respectively. Over all mean SYI, was highest for NPK + FYM 5 t/ha and 150% NPK i.e., 0.63 and the least was observed in 100% N alone 0.50. There was an increase in organic carbon, Available N, Available P and Available K in NPK + FYM 5 t/ha and 150% NPK treatments compared with other treatments. Treatment receiving N alone i.e. imbalance nutrient supply retrogress the crop yields and soil productivity in long run.

scholarly journals Impact of Long Term Application of Inorganic Fertilizers and Organic Manure on Soil Fertility and Crop Productivity under Soybean-Wheat Cropping System in a Vertisol

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Nilesh Patidar ◽  
A. K. Dwivedi ◽  
B. S. Dwivedi ◽  
R. K. Thakur ◽  
Jalendra Bairwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Available N ◽  
The Impact

The field experiments was conducted is an ongoing All India Co-ordinate Research Project on “Long term Fertilizer Experiment” during 2018-2019 with soybean-wheat cropping sequence at the Research Farm Department of Soil Science, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur (M.P.), India. The objective of the study was the Impact of long term application of inorganic fertilizers and organic manure on soil fertility and crop productivity under soybean-wheat cropping system in a Vertisol. The experiment consists of ten treatments i.e. T1 50% NPK, T2 100% NPK, T3 150% NPK, T4 100% NPK + Hand Weeding, T5 100% NPK + Zn, T6 100% NP, T7 100% N, T8 100% NPK+ Farm Yard Manure, T9 100% NPK–S and T10 unfertilized plot (control) with four replications in a randomized block design. The findings of the present study indicated that the soil pH and EC were remaining unaltered even after continuous application of variable amounts of fertilizers either alone or in combination. A significant positive change in soil organic carbon, available N P K and S content was observed with continuous additions of balanced fertilizers and manures over the imbalanced or unfertilized treatments. The findings showed that the application of recommended dose of N, P and K (20:80:20 kg ha-1 for soybean and 120:80:40 kg ha-1 for wheat) with organic manure (FYM) @ 5 t ha-1 resulted in 185.8% and 325.9% increase over control in soybean and wheat yields, respectively. Thus, the continuous use of balanced fertilization, either alone or in combination with organic manure is necessary for sustaining soil fertility and productivity of crops.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF LONG TERM DIFFERENT NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON CROP PRODUCTIVITY AND SOIL QUALITY IN RICE (ORYZA SATIVA)-POTATO (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM)-GROUNDNUT (ARACHIS HYPOGAEA) CROPPING SYSTEM IN NEW ALLUVIAL SOIL ZONE OF WEST BENGAL, INDIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (supplement 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bose ◽  
M. Roy ◽  
P.K Patra ◽  
P.K Patra ◽  
P.K Patra
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Available N ◽  
Neem Cake ◽  
Organic Nutrient ◽  
The Mean

We analyzed data from a long-term rice-potato-groundnut cropping sequence to evaluate the effects of different nutrient management practices on yield trends, economics and soil fertility of the system. In this study, most of the organic and integrated treatments showed significantly higher mean system yield in terms of rice-equivalent yield (REY) of the 13th and 14th crop cyclethan that of with purely inorganic source. Highest mean rice-equivalent system yieldwas obtained in the treatment with 33% of recommended N each from FYM, vermicompost and Neem cake along with Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Rhizobium and PSB (14.96 t ha-1). In contrast with the yield result, purely inorganic treatment showed better performance compare to all other organic and integrated treatments from the economical point of view during last two 13th and 14 th cropping year. The organic nutrient-management packages increased the mean soil organic carbon and soil macronutrients (available N, P and K) at the end of 13th and 14 th cropping system cycle over the control (fallow land) and the buildup was maximum in the soil, applied with 33% of recommended N each from FYM, vermicompost and Neem cake along with Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Rhizobium and PSB (0.98%, 301.8, 61.1 and 173.3 kg/ha for organic carbon, N, P and K). The mean microbial population after thirteenth and fourteenth cropping year in terms of colony forming units increased in a higher rate in soils with organic nutrient supply system (bacteria 3.7 to 14.5 cfu g-1, fungi 3 to 12.3 cfu g-1) compared to the control as against the respective increases of 1.2 cfu g-1 and 1.8 cfu g-1 in the soils receiving nutrients through chemical fertilizers. Application of 33% of recommended N each from FYM, vermicompost and Neem cake along with Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Rhizobium and PSB was the best organic nutrient management practice compare to other studied management practices for rice–potato–groundnut cropping system in new alluvial zone of West

scholarly journals Effect of Cropping System and Nitrogen on Maize and Soy Bean Yields in Western Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
P. O. Mongare ◽  
J. R. Okalebo ◽  
C. O. Othieno ◽  
J. O. Ochuodho ◽  
R. Njoroge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Western Kenya

Inherent low soil fertility in the highly weathered and degraded soils largely accounts for low and unsustainable crop yields in most African countries (Okalebo et al., 2006; Sanchez et. al., 1997). Productivity of maize and soybeans in Kenya, particularly in the western region is generally low. The high costs of inorganic fertilizers and the possibility of decreasing soil productivity in due to soil mining and environmental pollution demands a reassement of their use, vis-a-vis, other alternative technologies. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of selected cropping systems, N fertilizer and manure on maize and soy bean crop yields in western Kenya (Bungoma, Vihiga, and Teso). The experiment was a split plot design arranged and laid down in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Cropping systems (mono cropping, MBILI and conventional) were the main factor while fertility interventions (FYM and CAN) were the treatments. The cropping systems consisted of conventional (Maize and soy beans were planted as intercrop in 37.5 cm alternating rows), MBILI (Managing Beneficial Interactions in Legume Intercrops), maize and soybean monocrop. Five fertilizer treatments were used: calcium ammonium nitrate and farm yard manure, both applied at the rate of 30 kg N ha-1 and 75 kg N ha-1, respectively, and absolute control that had no added treatment. Field experiments were planted during two cropping seasons of short rains season (August to December 2011) and one long rains season (April to August 2012) Generally, maize yields were found to be significantly higher in both the mono cropping system (mean yield: 2.00 t/ha) and MBILI system (mean yield: 1.77 t/ha) compared to conventional farming (mean yield: 1.27 t/ha). Soybean yields were found, overall, to be significantly higher in the mono cropping system (mean: 1.00t/ha) compared to both MBILI (mean: 0.75 t ha-1) and conventional system (mean: 0.59 t ha-1). For both maize and soy bean grain, application of CAN75N and planting with FYM75N were found to significantly increase yields, compared to either top dressing with CAN30N or planting with FYM30N. CAN generally produced higher yields with monocrop system whereas MBILI system did better when FYM is used, suggesting that an optimal system could consist of MBILI with organic fertilizers. The mean Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) values were always greater than 1.0 for intercropping and I.0 for mono cropping system. Manure was found to produce similar yields as those in fertilizer applications. This study recommends MBILI system and organic manure as a beneficial way of growing maize and soy beans

Influence of agricultural management on soil organic carbon: A compendium and assessment of Canadian studies

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. VandenBygaart ◽  
E. G. Gregorich ◽  
D. A. Angers
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Management ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Native Land ◽  
Soc Stocks ◽  
Long Term Studies

To fulfill commitments under the Kyoto Protocol, Canada is required to provide verifiable estimates and uncertainties for soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks, and for changes in those stocks over time. Estimates and uncertainties for agricultural soils can be derived from long-term studies that have measured differences in SOC between different management practices. We compiled published data from long-term studies in Canada to assess the effect of agricultural management on SOC. A total of 62 studies were compiled, in which the difference in SOC was determined for conversion from native land to cropland, and for different tillage, crop rotation and fertilizer management practices. There was a loss of 24 ± 6% of the SOC after native land was converted to agricultural land. No-till (NT) increased the storage of SOC in western Canada by 2.9 ± 1.3 Mg ha-1; however, in eastern Canada conversion to NT did not increase SOC. In general, the potential to store SOC when NT was adopted decreased with increasing background levels of SOC. Using no-tillage, reducing summer fallow, including hay in rotation with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), plowing green manures into the soil, and applying N and organic fertilizers were the practices that tended to show the most consistent in creases in SOC storage. By relating treatment SOC levels to those in the control treatments, SOC stock change factors and their levels of uncertainty were derived for use in empirical models, such as the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Guidelines model for C stock changes. However, we must be careful when attempting to extrapolate research plot data to farmers’ fields since the history of soil and crop management has a significant influence on existing and future SOC stocks. Key words: C sequestration, tillage, crop rotations, fertilizer, cropping intensity, Canada

scholarly journals A green garlic (Allium sativum L.) based intercropping system reduces the strain of continuous monocropping in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) by adjusting the micro-ecological environment of soil

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuemei Xiao ◽  
Zhihui Cheng ◽  
Jian Lv ◽  
Jianming Xie ◽  
Ning Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Fungal Population ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Available N ◽  
Soil Microbial

The continuous cropping obstacle of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under facility cultivation is more prevalent in China. This is associated with an imbalance in soil microbial and ecological environment in long-term monocultures. It was postulated that intercropping with green garlic would relieve the continuous cropping obstacle of cucumber by altering the soil micro-ecology status. A pot-based experiment was conducted to investigate the green garlic-cucumber intercropping and cucumber monocropping systems. The results showed that the cucumber shoot biomass was improved by intercropping with green garlic. However, the population of soil bacteria and actinomycetes increased, while the fungal population decreased. The fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles indicated that soil contained more fungal FAME biomarkers (18:1ω9c, 18:2ω6, 9) and higher fungal:bacterial ratio in the monoculture system, whereas clustering of more bacterial FAME biomarkers (cy17:0, cy19:0, 16:1ω7c10, Me16:0, 10Me17:0, 10Me18:0) was observed under intercropping conditions. Moreover, significantly (P < 0.05) higher soil invertase and alkaline phosphatase activities, organic matter, and available N, P and K contents were observed under intercropping systems. These were high in both bulk and rhizosphere soils in the intercropping system when compared to monocropping system. These findings suggest that intercropping with green garlic can alleviate continuous cropping obstacle of cucumber by improving the diverse composition of soil microbial community, enzyme activities, and nutrient availability.

scholarly journals Do Long-Term Continuous Cropping and Pesticides Affect Earthworm Communities?

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Treder ◽  
Magdalena Jastrzębska ◽  
Marta Katarzyna Kostrzewska ◽  
Przemysław Makowski
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Harvest Residues ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Density And Biomass

Earthworm species composition, the density of individuals, and their biomass were investigated in spring barley and faba bean fields in a long-term (52-year) experiment conducted at the Production and Experimental Station in Bałcyny, in north-eastern Poland (53°40′ N; 19°50′ E). Additionally, post-harvest residues biomass, soil organic matter (SOM), and soil pH were recorded. The above traits were investigated using two experimental factors: I. cropping system—continuous cropping (CC) vs. crop rotation (CR) and II. pesticide plant protection: herbicide + fungicide (HF+) vs. no plant protection (HF−). A total of three species of Lumbricidae were found: Aporrectodea caliginosa (Sav.) in both crops, Aporrectodea rosea (Sav.) in spring barley, and Lumbricus terrestris (L.) in faba bean. The density and biomass of earthworms were unaffected by experimental treatments in spring barley fields, whereas in faba bean CC increased and HF+ decreased earthworm density and biomass in comparison with CR and HF− respectively. Total post-harvest residues in faba bean fields were higher under CC in relation to CR and under HF+ compared with HF− treatment in both crops. Compared to CR, CC increased soil pH in spring barley fields and decreased in faba bean fields. Experimental factors did not affect SOM. Earthworm density and biomass were positively correlated with SOM content.

scholarly journals Chemical composition of soil organic carbon changed by long-term monoculture cropping system in Chinese black soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 557-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunfa Qiao ◽  
Shujie Miao ◽  
Yingxue Li ◽  
Xin Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Rotation System

Monoculture is common to meet commodity grain requirements in Northeast China. The effect of long-term monoculture on chemical composition of soil organic carbon (SOC) remains unclear. This study was done to evaluate how changes in chemical compositions of SOC responded to long-term monoculture. To achieve this objective, the chemical compositions of SOC in maize-soybean rotation, continuous soybean and continuous maize were characterized with the nuclear magnetic resonance technique. Two main components, O-alkyl and aromatic C, showed a wider range of relative proportion in monoculture than rotation system across soil profiles, but no difference was observed between two monoculture systems. Pearson’s analysis showed a significant relationship between plant-C and OCH<sub>3</sub>/NCH, alkyl C or alkyl O-C-O, and the A/O-A was closely related to plant-C. The findings indicated a greater influence of monoculture on the chemical composition of SOC compared to rotation, but lower response to crop species.

Soil chemical and biological properties affected by 21-year application of composted manure with chemical fertilizers in a Chinese Mollisol

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. H. Li ◽  
X. Z. Han ◽  
H. B. Li ◽  
C. Song ◽  
J. Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N

Li, X. H., Han, X. Z., Li, H. B., Song, C., Yan, J. and Liang, Y. 2012. Soil chemical and biological properties affected by 21-year application of composted manure with chemical fertilizers in a Chinese Mollisol. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 419–428. The effects of 21-yr of application of chemical fertilizers, composted pig manure (CPM) alone, and chemical fertilizers combined with compost on soil chemical and biological properties were investigated. Soil samples (0–20cm) were collected from a long-term fertilization experiment under corn (Zea mays L.) production in 2006, prior to seeding, at the corn tasseling stage and following harvest. Fertilizer treatments were: no fertilizer (CK), nitrogen fertilizer alone (N), N + phosphorus (NP), N + P + potassium (NPK), CPM, N + CPM, N + P + CPM (NP + CPM), and N + P + K + CPM (NPK + CPM). Long-term application of N alone resulted in a reduction of soil pH by 0.38 units and reduced the available P concentration compared with CK. An increase in soil pH was seen with CPM alone and NPK + CPM. Both fertilizers sources, singly and combined, increased the total N and available N concentrations. Total P and total K concentrations were greatest with the NPK + CPM treatment. All fertilizer treatments increased the soil organic carbon (SOC), light fraction organic carbon (LFOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) concentrations significantly (P < 0.05) at the tasseling stage. The NPK + CPM treatment showed the greatest increase in SOC (12%), LFOC (78%) and MBC (44%) concentrations, compared with CK. Soil enzyme activities (invertase, urease, acid and alkaline phosphatases) tended to be greater at tasseling than other sampling dates, with highest enzyme activities in the NPK + CPM treatments. These findings suggest that a long-term application of CPM combined with NPK is an efficient strategy to maintain or increase soil quality in Mollisols for sustainable agriculture.

Impact of Long-Term No-Tillage and Cropping System Management on Soil Organic Carbon in an Oxisol: A Model for Sustainability

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 1787-1787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ademir Calegari ◽  
W. L. Hargrove ◽  
Danilo Dos Santos Rheinheimer ◽  
Ricardo Ralisch ◽  
Daniel Tessier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
System Management ◽  
No Tillage
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