Determination of Heavy Metals (Lead, Zinc, Nickel and Cadmium) in Medicinal Plants (Scent Leaf and Pawpaw) in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Aims: This study investigated the level of zinc, nickel, lead and cadmium in selected medicinal plants - Scent Leaf (Ocimum gratissimum) and Pawpaw (Carica papaya) that are traditionally used in alternative medicine in Amassoma community, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Study Design: Scent leaf (Ocimum gratissimum) and Pawpaw (Carica papaya) from where these plants are grown were randomly collected for heavy metal analysis from within Amassoma community in Southern Ijaw Local Government Area of Bayelsa State, Nigeria Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Amassoma, Bayelsa State between March 2019 to September 2019 Methodology: Scent leaf (Ocimum gratissimum) and Pawpaw (Carica papaya) were digested and analyzed for heavy metals using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS, model S471096). The method used was wet-ashing method for the analysis. Results: The result showed that the concentration of Lead in the pawpaw fruit with 5.99mg/kg and pawpaw seed with 3.72mg/kg, were above the WHO permissible limit. While the concentration of Cadmium in the pawpaw fruit, pawpaw leaf, pawpaw seed and scent leaf with 1.32mg/kg, 0.96mg/kg, 0.21mg/kg, and 0.59mg/kg, were all above the permissible limits. Again, Zinc in the pawpaw fruit, pawpaw leaf, pawpaw seed and scent leaf were 2.52mg/kg, 2.53mg/kg, 5.30mg/kg, and 0.79mg/kg respectively, and these are also above the permissible limit. While that of the concentration of Nickel in the pawpaw fruit, pawpaw leaf, pawpaw seed and scent leaf were observed to be within permissible limit. Conclusion: It is therefore recommended that caution should be taken when such plants are to be used as alternative to conventional medicine as excess of it could pose the risk of bioaccumulation and possible health effects in humans.

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Determination of Heavy Metals in Soil around Amasoma Community in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology ◽

10.9734/jabb/2021/v24i1030244 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 19-25

Author(s):

Ebimobowei Assayomo ◽

Dorcas Dauta Bawo ◽

Gbe-emi kemepade Dieware ◽

Amaka Mariagoretti Buseri ◽

Ebikabowei John Debekeme

Keyword(s):

Biological Sciences ◽

Heavy Metals ◽

Carica Papaya ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Ocimum Gratissimum ◽

Lead And Cadmium ◽

Target Values ◽

Wet Ashing ◽

Average Lead

Aims: Anthropogenic activities such as crude oil exploration and exploitation has led to the suspicion of heavy metals contamination in the study area. This study investigated the concentration of zinc, nickel, lead and cadmium in the soil extracted from the area where Scent Leaf (Ocimum gratissimum) and Pawpaw tree (Carica papaya) are grown in Amassoma community, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Study Design: Scent leaf (Ocimum gratissimum) and Pawpaw tree (Carica papaya) soils from where these plants are grown were randomly collected for heavy metal analysis from within Amassoma community in Southern Ijaw Local Government Area of Bayelsa State, Nigeria Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Amassoma, Bayelsa State between March 2019 to September 2019 Methodology: Scent leaf (Ocimum gratissimum) and Pawpaw tree (Carica papaya) soils were digested and analyzed for heavy metals using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS, model S471096). The method used was wet-ashing method for the analysis. Results: the concentrations of Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Cadmium (Cd), and Zinc (Zn), in pawpaw soil and scent leaf soil. From the sample data analysis, the average lead (Pb) contents in pawpaw soil and scent leaf soil were 1.283 mg/kg and 1.44 mg/kg respectively. The average Cadmium (Cd) in pawpaw soil and scent leaf soil were 0.256 mg/kg and 0.256 mg/kg respectively. The average Nickel (Ni) compositions in pawpaw soil and scent leaf soil were 4.71 mg/kg and 5.09 mg/kg respectively. While the Average Zinc (Zn) in pawpaw soil and scent leaf soil is 2.280 mg/kg and 2.160 mg/kg respectively. The soil analyzed for heavy metals were below the threshold target values recommended by the WHO. Conclusion: The Scent leaf (Ocimum gratissimum) and Pawpaw tree (Carica papaya) soils analyzed for heavy metals were below the permissible limit recommended by WHO for soil safety. The result from the present study revealed that there may not be soil contamination as a result of the selected heavy metals, however, It is recommended that caution should be taken in regulating the anthropogenic activities that may tend to elevate the level of heavy metals in the surrounding to prevent contamination of soil over time which could be detrimental to the health of the populace.

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Pollution retention capabilities of roadside soils

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1999.0119 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 201-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

C. Dierkes ◽

W. F. Geiger

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Water Quality ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Groundwater Recharge ◽

Drinking Water Quality ◽

Traffic Density ◽

Roadside Soils ◽

Highway Runoff ◽

Lead And Cadmium ◽

Lead Zinc

Runoff from highways contains significant loads of heavy metals and hydrocarbons. According to German regulations, it should be infiltrated over embankments to support groundwater-recharge. To investigate the decontaminating effect of greened embankments, soil-monoliths from highways with high traffic densities were taken. Soils were analyzed to characterize the contamination in relation to distance and depth for lead, zinc, copper, cadmium, PAH and MOTH. Lysimeters were charged in the field and laboratory with highway runoff to study the effluents under defined conditions. Concentrations of pollutants in roadside soils depend on the age of embankments and traffic density. Highest concentrations were found in the upper 5 cm of the soil and within a distance of up to two metres from the street. Concentrations of most pollutants decreased rapidly with depth and distance. Lead and cadmium could not be detected in lysimeter effluent. Zinc and copper were found in concentrations that did not exceed drinking water quality limits.

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Use of water-alcohols treatment of medicinal plants under conditions modeling intoxication by lead and cadmium

Innovations and Food Safety ◽

10.31677/2311-0651-2020-28-2-80-88 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 80-88

Author(s):

Yu. I. Koval ◽

T. I. Bokova ◽

A. F. Petrov

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Blood Serum ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Live Weight ◽

The Body ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Lead And Cadmium ◽

Water Alcohol

The results of studying the effects of water-alcohol infusions of medicinal plants - rhizomes of thick-leafed incense (Bergenia crasslifolia L. Fritsch), dioica nettle leaves (Urtica dioca L.), burdock roots (Arctium lappa L.), and mother-and-leaf leaves - are presented. ordinary machichi (Tussilago farfara L.) on the organism of laboratory rats under conditions of short-term intoxication with heavy metals in doses of 25 mg of lead and 2.5 mg of cadmium per 1 kg of live weight. In the course of studies it was found that the effect of heavy metals on the body of laboratory animals is selective - the main “depot” of lead was bone tissue, and cadmium - the kidneys and liver. The addition of 1 ml of water-alcohol infusions from medicinal raw materials to the diet of rats as detoxicants caused a decrease in the level of lead in the animal organism to 6.32 times, cadmium to 3.46 times. The greatest detoxification ability was shown by infusions of the roots of burdock and leaves of nettle dioecious. Under the influence of elevated doses of lead and cadmium in laboratory animals there was an increase in heart mass by 40.34 % and spleen by 89.91 %, a decrease in the content of alkaline phosphatase in blood serum by 25.81 %. Water-alcohol infusions normalized the biochemical parameters of rat blood serum. Studies have shown that the infusions of rhizomes of thick-leafed frangipani, burdock roots, dioecious nettles and coltsfoot leaves with antioxidant properties can be the basis for the development of an effective herbal preparation used for the prevention and treatment of animals from intoxication with salts of heavy metals.

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Systematic Review of Plants Used Against Respiratory Diseases Related to COVID-19 in Africa

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics ◽

10.22270/jddt.v11i4-s.4957 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4-S) ◽

pp. 141-153

Author(s):

Gabriel A Agbor ◽

Rosette Ndjib

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Traditional Medicine ◽

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Conventional Medicine ◽

Microsoft Excel ◽

Respiratory Disorders ◽

Ocimum Gratissimum ◽

Primary Health ◽

Respiratory Pathology

Background: Respiratory disorders are known to affect the airways including the nasal passages, bronchi and lungs causing blockages. The advent of COVID-19 has further aggravated the complications of the respiratory systems where conventional medicine is not reachable or affordable by the majority poor in Africa. Hence, the over 80% of the African population who turn to traditional medicine for their primary health care. Objective: This review is aimed to identify plants directed against respiratory diseases which can be useful in the fight against COVID-19. Methodology: Scientific articles selected in this study span the last ten years (2011-2021). Keywords such as “ethnobotany in Africa”, “ethnobotany and respiratory diseases” “medicinal plants and respiratory diseases”, “traditional medicine and COVID-19” were searched in open access search engines such as: Science Direct, Research Gate, Google Scholar, Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus. The ethnobotanical indices were then calculated using Microsoft excel to determine the plants with the most therapeutic potential to be considered for the local management of COVID-19. Results: Data obtained were classified according to country of origin of the author of the publication, the botanical family and the respiratory pathology being treated. Thirteen (13) references were finally selected with the represented country being Benin Republic. One hundred and forty-three plant species belonging to 60 families were registered. The most recurrent families were the Fabaceae and Lamiaceae (18 citations each). The plants in these families were used for the management of fifteen diseases and / or symptoms relating to the respiratory system. The most cited plants were: Ocimum gratissimum L. (4 citations), Entandrophragma cylindrium (Sprague), Scyphocephalium ochocoa Warb., Rubia cordifolia and Allium sativum L. (3 citations each). Conclusion: Based on the data obtained in this review Ocimum gratissimum stands out as the most used plant for the treatment of respiratory disorders. Keywords: Respiratory diseases, Medicinal plants, COVID-19

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ГІСТОЛОГІЧНА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ЗЯБЕР ТА НИРОК КАРАСЯ СРІБЛЯСТОГО З ЗАПОРІЗЬКОГО (ДНІПРОВСЬКОГО) ВОДОСХОВИЩА

Scientific Issue Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series: Biology ◽

10.25128/2078-2357.21.1-2.7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 81 (1-2) ◽

pp. 53-58

Author(s):

V. O. Kurchenko ◽

T. S. Sharamok ◽

O. M. Marenkov

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Histological Structure ◽

Prussian Carp ◽

Lead And Cadmium ◽

Maximum Permissible Concentrations ◽

Copper Zinc ◽

The Village ◽

Nickel Lead ◽

Zinc Nickel

In this article the histological structure of gills and kidneys of the Prussian carp is considered and researched. The research was conducted in the waters of the Zaporizhian (Dnipro) reservoir, namely in the Samara Bay and the lower part of the reservoir (near the village of Viiskove) during 2017–2019. Previous studies have revealed the excess of maximum permissible concentrations of heavy metals in the water of the Samara Bay compared to the lower part of the Zaporozhian reservoir. High levels of nickel and cadmium were observed in the Samara Bay. Statistically significant differences were found between the content of copper, zinc, nickel, lead and cadmium in the two areas of the reservoir (p

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Чутливість мікроміцетів до важких металів

Visnyk of Dnipropetrovsk University Biology medicine ◽

10.15421/021128 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 49-55

Author(s):

O. N. Korinovskaya ◽

V. N. Gryshko

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Fusarium Solani ◽

Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽

Maximal Concentration ◽

Cunninghamella Echinulata ◽

Moderate Growth ◽

Initial Stage ◽

Lead Zinc ◽

Zinc Nickel ◽

Copper Lead

The sensitivity of 33 micromycete species to nitric compounds of copper, lead, zinc, nickel and cadmium has been determined. Absidia butleri Lendn, Mortierella vanesae Dixon-Stewart, Cunninghamella echinulata Thaxte, Curvularia tuberculata Jain, Cladosporium cladosporiodes (Fresen) G. A. de Vries and Fusarium solani (C. Mart.) Appel et Wollenw are sensitive to minimal content of the heavy metals (0.75 of maximum permissible concentration (MPC)) in the growth medium. At the same time Trixoderma longibrachiatiim Rifai, Alternaria alternatа (Fr.) Keissl and Penicillium sp. 4 demonstrated moderate growth under maximal concentration (50 MPC). It is determined that minimal content of the heavy metals in the initial stage of influence (up to 48 h) promotes growth of only Fusarium oxysporum E. F. Sm. et Swingle, while retards growth of the other species.

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Bacterial and heavy metal contamination in selected commonly sold herbal medicine in Blantyre, Malawi

Malawi Medical Journal ◽

10.4314/mmj.v32i3.8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 153-159

Author(s):

Martin Kalumbi

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Herbal Medicine ◽

Metal Contamination ◽

Heavy Metal Contamination ◽

Conventional Medicine ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Lead Contamination ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽

Lead And Cadmium

BackgroundThere has been an increase in use of herbal medicine worldwide. It is either used as a stand-alone or complementary therapy to conventional medicine due to past good experience, poverty and family traditions. In Malawi, there are no regulations governing the supply, acquisition, marketing and quality enforcement of herbal medicine. This compromises its safety thereby exposing consumers to avoidable bacteria and heavy metals leading to various adverse health effects. MethodsCross-sectional laboratory experiments were conducted to determine bacterial and heavy metal contamination of herbal medicine commonly sold in Blantyre, Malawi. A total of 47 samples which were in three formulations namely liquid, powder and tablet were used in the experiments. 29 samples were used for bacterial limit tests and 18 samples were used for heavy metal analysis. Bacterial contamination was determined by streak plate method and biochemical tests while heavy metals were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Descriptive statistics and t-tests were calculated using Microsoft excel and SPSS software programs. ResultsTwenty out of the 29 samples (68.9%) were contaminated with Bacillus, coagulase negative Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter and other-Coliform bacterial species. Most isolated microorganism was Citrobacter spp. (30%), followed by Bacillus spp. (25%). Out of 20 contaminated samples, 75% were contaminated with coliforms. From these 75% which were contaminated with coliforms, 93.3% of them exceeded WHO regulatory limit (103 CFU/g for enterobacteria). Although liquid samples had the highest level of bacterial contaminants, the count was not statistically different from other formulations (P = 0.058). For heavy metals, lead and cadmium were detected and 67% of the samples had lead levels exceeding regulatory limits. ConclusionLevels of bacterial and lead contamination in herbal medicine from Blantyre markets are far above acceptable limits set by WHO and Canadian guidelines. The use of these herbal medicines is a major risk to the health of consumers.

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Polymorphism of p-450 cytochrome detoxication genes in adolescents depending on the degree of contamination of the organism by heavy metals

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.33029/0016-9900-2020-99-5-478-482 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 99 (5) ◽

pp. 478-482

Author(s):

N. P. Setko ◽

A. G. Setko ◽

Ekaterina V. Bulycheva ◽

A. V. Tyurin ◽

E. Yu. Kalinina

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Heavy Metal Contamination ◽

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽

The Body ◽

Lead And Cadmium ◽

Cyp2b6 Gene ◽

Cytochrome P 450 ◽

Gene Cyp1a1 ◽

Group 1

Introduction. Changes in the body of children and adolescents aimed at adapting to environmental factors are determined by genetic polymorphism in xenobiotic biotransformation genes, determining the degree of susceptibility of the child’s body to pollutants, which is the basis of modern personalized preventive medicine when managing risks to the health of the child population under the influence of environmental factors. Material and methods. Trace elements, including heavy metals, lead and cadmium, were determined in the hair of 256 practically healthy teenagers by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Depending on the level of content of the latter, two groups of adolescents were formed to determine six genes of the cytochrome P-450 family. Group 1 consisted of adolescents whose cadmium lead content exceeded the average Russian indices. The second group included adolescents whose heavy metals were above the level of average Russian standards. Results. Studies have shown that in adolescents of the 1st group, compared with the data of adolescents of the 2nd group, an increase in the number of carriers of two mutant alleles at the locus rs 1048943 (gene CYP1A1) is 3.08 times, rs 464621 (gene CYP1A1) is 1. 8 times; locus rs 2069522 (CYP1A2 gene) 3.63 times; locus rs 1799853 (CYP2C9 * 2 gene) 4.5 times; locus rs 1057910 (gene CYP2C9 * 3) 3.8 times and locus rs 2279343 (gene CYP2B6) 4.25 times. Moreover, carriers of two normal alleles in adolescents of the first group at the locus rs 1048943 (gene CYP1A1) were 5.14 times; locus rs 2279343 (CYP2B6 gene) was 6.5 fold less than among adolescents of the 2nd group; and at the locus rs 464621 (gene CYP1A1), rs 2069522 (gene CYP1A2), rs 1799853 (gene CYP2C9 * 2), rs 1057910 (gene CYP2C9 * 3) there were no carriers of normal homozygotes. Conclusion. Group 1 adolescents with heavy metal contamination of the body are carriers significantly in a greater number of pathological mutations in the genes of the cytochrome P-450 detoxification system in comparison with data from group 2 adolescents.

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Determination of Some Heavy Metals in Milk of Cow Grazing At Selected Areas, of Kaduna Metropolis

International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering ◽

10.23956/ijarcsse/v7i6/01617 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. 341 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mahmud Mohammed Imam ◽

Zahra Muhammad ◽

Amina Zakari

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Cadmium Toxicity ◽

Research Work ◽

The Body ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Scientific Model ◽

Potential Health ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Lead And Cadmium ◽

Digestion Technique

In this research work the concentration of zinc, copper, lead, chromium, cadmium, and nickel in cow milk samples obtained from four different grazing areas (kakuri, kudendan, malali, kawo) of Kaduna metropolis. The samples were digested by wet digestion technique .The trace element were determined using bulk scientific model VPG 210 model Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS).. The concentration of the determined heavy metal were The result revealed that Cr, Ni and Cd were not detected in milk samples from Kawo, Malali and Kudendan whereas lead (Pb) is detected in all samples and found to be above the stipulated limits of recommended dietary allowance (NRC,1989) given as 0.02mg/day. Cu and Zn are essential elements needed by the body for proper metabolism and as such their deficiency or excess is very dangerous for human health. However, they were found in all samples and are within the recommended limits while Cd (2.13 – 3.15 mg/kg) in milk samples from Kakuri was found to be above such limit (0.5mg/day). Cow milk samples analyzed for heavy metals in this research work pose a threat of lead and cadmium toxicity due to their exposure to direct sources of air, water and plants in these grazing areas, thereby, resulting to a potential health risk to the consumers.

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