scholarly journals Composting: A Low-cost Biotechnological Approach to Ameliorating Macrophyte Nuisance in Fresh Waters

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-71
Author(s):  
Ogochukwu Ann Udume ◽  
Gideon O. Abu ◽  
Herbert Okechukwu Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Biotechnological Approach ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), an aquatic macrophyte, is a resource that has attracted a lot of interest in recent times. The physicochemical constituents of Eichhornia crassipes have been reported in some literature to constitute high carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium including other important micro and macronutrient like potassium and zinc. These findings by scientists informed its utilization in the assemblage of animal feed, bio-energy generation, pharmaceutical industries, and biofilters. The bioconversions of this problematic plant to various products (compost, biochar, and digestate) are green inexpensive options to be considered for use in the restoration of hydrocarbon polluted sites is reviewed in the paper. In addition to crude oil pollution clean-ups, compost improves soil fertility and also increases its organic matter content. This article also shall review composting, Water Hyacinth compost applications in remediation, remediation monitoring parameters, limitations of remediation by composting technology, and the way forward.

scholarly journals Saccharomyces cerevisiae growth kinetics study dairy byproduct

2013 ◽  
pp. 169-172
Author(s):  
Erika Sulyok ◽  
Györgyi Bró ◽  
János Tamás
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Kinetics Study ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Milk Whey ◽  
By Products

By guess, annual volume of milk whey is 185–190 million tons and this volume probably will increase next years. Whey has significant biochemical oxygen demand due to its high organic matter content so whey as sewage is one of the most pollutant by-products in the food industry. Apart from environmental pollution, benefit of several whey constituents for human health is another reason to utilize whey. Corn and potato, as well as the processing of milk in the food industry in large quantities of by-products generated by low cost, substantial quantities of starch and lactic acid, which are due to high biological oxygen demand are considered as hazardous waste. Some of them are destroyed sewage storage tanks, and those products are excellent substrates for the growth of microorganisms could be. The traditional nutrient solution optimization methods are solution and time-consuming and are not able to determine the real optimum because of the interaction of factors involved.

Utilization of Residu / Ampas Biogas Production from Bio-Slurry as Organic Fertilizer Resources

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Yusmiati Bppt ◽  
Bambang Singgih
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Semi Solid

Survey results show that the soil organic matter content is very low, i.e. less than 2% for paddy fields and about 2% for the fields. The decrease of soil organic matter content is thought to be caused by the way of agricultural cultivation that is less attention to the content of organic matter with the use of chemical fertilizers is very intensive. The use of organic fertilizer can be a solution to the problem. Bio-slurry generated from liquid biogas reactors tends to be semi-solid and has characteristics, which are light brown or green and tend to be dark; little or no gas bubbles content; odorless and insect less; textured sticky, tough, and not shiny. The bio-slurry composition consists of organic materials (18-27%) and inorganic materials (2-3%). The content of NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium) in liquid bio-slurry consists of nitrogen (0.25%), phosphorus (0.13), and potassium (0.12%). While the content of NPK in dry (solid) bio-slurry consists of nitrogen (3.6%), phosphorus (1.8%), and potassium (3.6%). In addition, bio-slurry also contains other nutrients, namely amino acids, fatty acids, humic acid, vitamin B-12, auxin hormones, cytokines, antibiotics, and micronutrients such as iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and molybdenum (Mo). Benefits of bio-slurry is for organic fertilizer, bio-pesticide, biological fertilizer, plant growth regulator, animal feed, improving soil structure, increasing weed growth, increasing soil fertility and increasing soil microorganism activity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Sagittaria montevidensis Cham. & Schltdl. as a bioindicator and phytoextractor of toxic metals

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edila Maria Kickhöfel Ferrer ◽  
Glauco Rasmussen Betemps ◽  
Nathaly Nunes da Rosa ◽  
Pedro José Sanches Filho
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Simple Sampling

This study evaluated the bioindication and phytoremediation capacity of the aquatic macrophyte Sagittaria montevidensis by using it to assess the bioconcentration and translocation of heavy metals. A simple sampling was conducted at four sites in the region of Pelotas, southern Brazil, where plants, water and sediments were collected. The plants were subjected to nitric-perchloric acid digestion and the sediments underwent pseudo-total acid digestion. The determination of the elements Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn in the extracts was performed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Physicochemical tests were also carried out on water samples, including pH, electrical conductivity, chlorides, alkalinity, hardness and organic matter, and in sediment samples, moisture and organic matter content. The macrophyte study indicated a Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) and a Translocation Factor (TF), especially for Ni. The results showed that the aquatic macrophyte species S. montevidensis has a phytoextraction capacity, mainly for Ni, and potentially for bioindication of Cu, Ni and Zn.

scholarly journals Biogas Production from Anaerobic Co-digestion of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and Cow Manure

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Klaus Dölle ◽  
Thomas Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Renewable Fuel ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact ◽  
Water Hyacinth Root

Production of electricity, heat and fuel are important for today’s social and economic growth. Biogas produced by anaerobic co-digestion is an alternative, carbon-neutral, renewable fuel that can be generated from local, low-cost organic materials. Co-digestion of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and cow manure, was performed with a designed laboratory anaerobic fermentation system at 39°C ± 2°C. Co-digestion was conducted with 100% cow manure as a basis, and cow manure and water hyacinth ratios of 25%:75%:, 50%:50%, and 25%:75% for complete water hyacinth plants, water hyacinth roots and water hyacinth leaves fractions. Biogas production per gram volatile solid for anaerobic digested cow manure was between 134 ml to 355.59 ml. Co-digestion of cow manure and water hyacinth showed the highest average biogas production per gram volatile solids for complete water hyacinth and water hyacinth root mixture ratios of 25% cow manure and 75% of water hyacinth and water hyacinth roots yielding 273.01 ml and 462.63 ml respectively. The least biogas per gram volatile solids produced during co-fermentation was for complete water hyacinth and water hyacinth root with a ratio of 75% cow manure and 25% water hyacinth and water hyacinth root, yielding 163.77 ml and 250.28 ml respectively. Water hyacinth leave mixture at 50% cow manure and 50% water hyacinth leaves had the lowest average biogas production of 172.54 ml per gram volatile solids. The highest biogas production of 283.55 ml per gram volatile solids was achieved for a mixture of 75% cow manure and 25% water hyacinth leaves. The biogas composition without CO2 showed a biogas content for the cow manure between 54 and 65%. The application of co-digestion utilizing cow manure and water hyacinth as a feedstock could help minimize the negative environmental impact of water hyacinth and help to restore biodiversity, water quality and habitat of infested sites.

scholarly journals Effects of Varying Concentrations of Crude Oil on Some Physicochemical Properties of Agricultural Soil

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ikuesan Felix Adeleke ◽  
Boboye Bolatito Esther ◽  
Adetuyi Fatusi Clement
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Organic Carbon Content

This research investigated the effects of varying concentrations of crude oil on some physicochemical characteristics of crude oil polluted agricultural soils from Igodan- Lisa, Oba-Ile and Ido-Ani areas of Ondo State, Nigeria. The soil samples were exposed to 1-4% (w/w) crude oil and analyzed monthly for six periods using standard physical and chemical analytical techniques. Results indicated that the physicochemical properties were altered. The physicochemical parameters varied with increase in the amount of crude oil spilled and time. The pH and moisture contents (MC) progressively decreased with increase in concentration of crude oil applied to the samples. Polluted soils had lower pH values (4.91- 6.17) and MC (15.24% to 26.83%) relative to control samples. The organic matter content increased with increased amount of crude oil spilled in the range of 6.65-10.93%. The organic carbon contents progressively increased with concentration of crude oil and sampling days. At 4% crude oil pollution, the organic carbon content in the samples were 6.04-8.28%, 5.39-7.82% and 6.05-8.21% for Igodan-Lisa, Oba-Ile and Ido-Ani soils respectively at 0-180 days of experiment. The changes in soil physicochemical suggested that soil integrity and quality is altered by crude oil contamination. The increased acidity with time also suggested the release of acidic metabolites in bioremediation by intrinsic microorganisms.

scholarly journals Resource-saving methods of fodder crop cultivation in the Trans-Baikal Territory

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
N. G. Pilipenko ◽  
O. T. Andreeva ◽  
L. P. Sidorova ◽  
N. Yu. Kharchenko
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Resource Saving

The results of the study on the comparative assessment of different tillage methods in the field crop rotation with different levels of mineral nutrition (N30P30 and N60P30 kg of active ingredient/ ha) are presented. The experiment was carried out on low-humus low-carbonate chernozem of the forest-steppe zone of Eastern Trans-Baikal Territory in 2012–2014. The zoned variety of Buryatskaya-79 spring wheat, and Metis oat variety were used for sowing. Low-cost methods of soil tillage were studied, providing for the preservation and improvement of soil fertility, an increase in the productivity of grain and fodder crops, and a decrease in material and energy costs. Replacement of the basic tillage with a PN-4-35 plow with a ring roller in the third and fourth crop rotation fields by surface tillage with a Stepnyak-7.4 cultivator and direct sowing on the stubble with a PPM Ob4-ZT seeder when applying mineral fertilizers at a rate of N60P30 kg of active ingredient/ha had a positive effect on the condition of the soil. The following indicators of soil fertility were achieved: structural coefficient 1.28–1.38, organic matter content 3.15–3.33%, productive moisture content in the 0–50 cm layer 29.2–31.8 mm, the release of carbon dioxide 1.810–1.969 kg per 1 hour, the content of Р2О5 in the 0–20 cm layer 71–96 mg/kg of soil, the content of K2O – 57–82 mg/kg of soil. An increase in the yield of oat grain of 0.16–0.21 t/ha, the green mass of annual grasses of 3.44.0 t/ha, the collection of feed units of 0.32–0.34 t/ha, a reduction in the cost of fuel and lubricants by 31.2-36.4%, and an increase in profitability by 25.0–40.3% were achieved.

scholarly journals Oxalate Carbonate Pathway—Conversion and Fixation of Soil Carbon—A Potential Scenario for Sustainability

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shameer Syed ◽  
Viswanath Buddolla ◽  
Bin Lian
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Capture Process ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

It is still an important aspect of global climate research to explore a low-cost method that can effectively reduce the increase of CO2 concentration in the global atmosphere. Oxalotrophic bacterial communities exist in agricultural or forest soil with ubiquitous oxalate as the only carbon and energy source. When soil oxalate is oxidized and degraded, carbonate is formed along with it. This process is called the oxalate carbonate pathway (OCP), which can increase soil inorganic carbon sink and soil organic matter content. This soil carbon sink is a natural CO2 trapping system and an important alternative if it is properly managed for artificial sequestration/storage. As the main driver of OCP, the oxalate degrading bacteria are affected by many factors during the oxalate conversion process. Understanding this process and the synergy of oxalogenic plants, saprophytic decomposers, and oxalotrophic bacteria in agricultural or forest soil is critical to exploiting this natural carbon capture process. This article aims to provide a broader perspective of OCP in CO2 sequestration, biomineralization, and elemental cycling.

Impact of release of Neochetina spp. on growth and density of water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
K. Sivaraman ◽  
A. G. Murugesan
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Experimental Site ◽  
Stunted Growth ◽  
Neochetina Eichhorniae ◽  
One Year ◽  
Observation Period

Water hyacinth (<em>Eichhornia crassipes</em>) is an invasive aquatic macrophyte which creates several problems in irrigation system of rivers. To control their rapid distribution in water bodies the biological control method was carried by employing weevils <em>Neochetina bruchi</em> and <em>Neochetina eichhorniae</em> on river based field trial. The study demonstrates effectiveness of biocontrol weevil open field release on experimental site (Chittar river). When compared to first release in field, the weevil intensity was increased in numbers. Active scraping was observed in the leaves and decay spots were seen in the stems of weed. Both <em>N. bruchi</em> and <em>N. eichhorniae</em> (250 No) were introduced biyearly at experimental site for one year. During these two years of observation period, stunted growth and reduced population were observed in the study site. The study highlights importance of <em>Neochetina</em> spp. on the management of <em>E. crassipes.</em>

Adsorption of Zn2+ and Ni2+ in a binary aqueous solution by biosorbents derived from sawdust and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 1419-1427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willis Gwenzi ◽  
Tinashe Musarurwa ◽  
Phillip Nyamugafata ◽  
Nhamo Chaukura ◽  
Allen Chaparadza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Initial Solution ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
The Relationship

The Zn2+ and Ni2+ adsorption capacities of six biosorbents derived from water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) (WH) and sawdust (SD) were investigated, with activated carbon as the control. The biosorbents were raw biomass (WH, SD), charred WH (BWH) and SD and sulphonated bio-chars of WH and SD. The effect of the initial solution pH and Zn2+ and Ni2+ concentrations on adsorption capacity was studied, and adsorption isotherms for Zn2+ and Ni2+ evaluated. The initial solution pH significantly influenced adsorption (p &lt; 0.05) but the relationship was generally nonlinear. Zn2+ suppressed Ni2+ adsorption on all biosorbents. The adsorption capacities of the biosorbents were statistically (p ≤ 0.05) similar to or higher than that of activated carbon. The effects of pyrolysis and bio-char sulphonation on adsorption were inconsistent and dependent on biomass type; in most cases bio-char was a better biosorbent than the original biomass, while sulphonation resulted in less or comparable adsorption. Adsorption data obeyed at least one of three isotherms (linear, Langmuir and Freundlich) (r2 = 0.90-0.995, p &lt; 0.05). The study revealed that low-cost biosorbents may be used as alternatives to activated carbon in applications including selective separation of Zn2+ from multi-metal ion solutions containing Ni2+, and water and wastewater treatment.

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