scholarly journals Characteristics of Microorganisms Associated with Crude Oil Impacted Surface Water Body in Bodo/Bonny River, Nigeria

Author(s):  
David N. Ogbonna ◽  
Lucky B. Kpormon ◽  
Matthew E. Origbe

The contamination of water is a serious environmental problem as it adversely affects the human health and the biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems. The organisms that inhabit the water space use oxygen for metabolic activities and the blocking of the water surface of the river by total petroleum hydrocarbons tend to reduce the dissolved oxygen available within the system thereby making the survival of aquatic life difficult particularly the non-hydrocarbon utilizing microorganisms. The aim of this study was to determine the microbiological characteristics of water samples from Bodo/Bonny River impacted by crude oil spill. Water and dead fish samples were collected from four stations while the fifth sample was collected from a link fish pond which served as control.  Microbiological analysis of samples collected was analysed accordingly using standard analytical methods.  Bacterial isolates from the sampling stations show that Vibrio cholerae, Shigella sp, Escherichia coli, Vibrio sp, Salmonella sp, Bacillus sp, Klebsiella sp, Actinomycetes, Clostridium, Listeria sp, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas sp and fungal isolates namely,  Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus, Mucor sp and Candida sp were identified. Percentage occurrence of both isolates show that E. coli 15%, Vibrio species 13%, Pseudomonas 12%, Klebsiella 12% and Shigella 9% while Aspergillus niger had 37.18%, while Mucor had 25.64%, Penicillium sp 11.38%, Aspergillus flavus 11.38% and Candida sp 10.26%.Microorganisms isolated from the river water that survived the harsh influences associated with oil spill from this study shows that most of the microorganisms could be genetically cloned as hydrocarbon utilizing organisms for cleanup of oil contaminated environments because of their existence and sustenance to mankind.

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (20) ◽  
pp. 3493-3496
Author(s):  
Amanah Amanah ◽  
Dadan Ramadhan Apriyanto ◽  
Hikmah Fitriani

AIM: Mobile phone has been used daily by almost everyone. This Research surveyed microbial contamination of mobile phones in the faculty of Medicine Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati and identify the most influential fungal microbial species. METHODS: A group of 15 samples was analysed to identify fungal isolates. The mobile phones were swabbed firmly passing its touch screen using sterile swabs then inoculated into media for fungi. Frequency distribution of isolates was calculated. RESULTS: There were fungal isolates as follows: Aspergillus Orchareus, Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp., Cladosporium sp., Candida sp., Aspergillus Fumigatus, and Mucor sp. at the rate of 19, 6, 1, 3, 2, 10, 2, 52, 2%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The research indicates that all mobile phones were considerably having microbial infection, mostly from humans’ natural flora and also from the air and soil. This determines that it is necessary to sterilize hands prior to a contact with mobile phones since it could lead into disease transmission.


2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia Maria Mendonça Do Amaral ◽  
Luís Marcelo Vieira Rosa ◽  
Denise Fernandes Coutinho ◽  
Luís Henrique Gonçalves ◽  
Maria Nilce Ribeiro

A qualidade das cascas do caule de Tabebuia avellanedae Lor. ex Griseb. (Bignoniaceae), conhecida como pau d’arco roxo, largamente empregada na prática popular, foi avaliada realizando-se análise qualitativa de pesquisa para fungos. Em mercados públicos da capital maranhense foi realizada amostragem aleatória simples das bancas de venda de plantas para uso medicinal, totalizando doze bancas selecionadas. No período de setembro/2000 a fevereiro/ 2001, amostras das cascas do caule Tabebuia avellanedae, foram adquiridas, por compra, em triplicata, nessas localidades. Na análise microbiológica, fragmentos uniformes das amostras comerciais foram inoculados em placas com meios ágar Sabouraud dextrose e ágar batata, mantidas em temperatura ambiente de 5 a 7 dias. Ocorrido crescimento de colônias de fungos, realizou-se a técnica de microcultivo em lâmina, utilizando lactofenol azul de algodão como corante. A identificação das espécies de fungos foi fundamentada na morfologia macroscópica das colônias e no estudo dos órgãos vegetativos e de frutificação do fungo cultivado pela técnica de microcultivo. Foram identificados fungos Absidia ssp., Rhizopus ssp., Penicillium ssp., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus e Aspergillus niger, este último presente em todas as amostras analisadas. Os resultados comprovam a má qualidade das amostras comerciais de pau d’arco roxo comercializadas em mercados de São Luís/MA; comprovando-se fungos não permitidos pela legislação vigente e literatura especializada; expondo o consumidor ao risco real de utilização de droga vegetal imprópria para o consumo, evidenciando-se, assim, a necessidade da adoção de programa de fiscalização, vigilância e controle de qualidade domaterial vegetal disponibilizado para comercialização para fins medicinais em mercados. MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF WOOD BARKS OF Tabebuia avellanedae Lor. ex Griseb. COMMERCIALIZED IN SÃO LUÍS/MARANHÃO Abstract The quality of wood barks of Tabebuia avellanedae Lor. ex Griseb. (Bignoniaceae), known as “pau d’arco roxo”, widely used in popular medicine, was evaluated by means of qualitative analysis of fungus. In public markets of the Maranhão capital it was carried through a simple random sampling of the sales banking of herbal medicinal, totaling twelve selected banking. During September/2000 to February/2001 samples of wood barks of Tabebuia avellanedae were acquired, by purchase in triplicate. In the microbiological analysis, uniform fragments of these commercial samples were inoculated in dishes with agar Sabouraud dextrose and agar potato held at room temperature from 5 to 7 days. After the growth in colonies of fungus, microcultive in lamina was made having blue lactophenol of cotton as ink. Identification of species of fungus was based on macroscopic morphology of colonies in the study of vegetative organs and of fructification ofmicrocultive cultivated fungus. Absidia ssp., Rhizopus ssp., Penicillium ssp., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus e Aspergillus niger were identified, being this last one present in all analyzed samples. The results proved the bad quality of the samples of “pau d’arco roxo” commercialized at markets in São Luís/ MA; also proven not allowed fungus by legislation in validity and specialized literature, exposing customers to risks of using vegetal drugs which are unfit for human consumption, which evidences therefore the need of a program of inspection, vigilance and quality control of vegetal drugs available for sale with medicinal aim at market places.


Author(s):  
S. Apuri ◽  
C. Kwoseh ◽  
E. A. Seweh ◽  
I. O. Tutu

Aims: The study aims to identifying the microorganisms associated with post-harvest rot of frafra potatoes in Bongo-soe, Upper east region of Ghana. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Horticulture and the Pathology laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana. The Solenostemon rotundifolius tubers were stored at the Horticulture Department laboratory whiles rot identification was carried out at the Pathology laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture. The Tubers were stored from 2nd November, 2012 to 22nd March 2013. Methodology: Four hundred (400) tubers of black cultivar and four hundred (400) tubers of a brown cultivar of Solenostemon rotundifolius tubers showing visible signs of rot during the storage were collected. Pieces of diseased tissues from the margin of the necrotic collected and immersed in 10% commercial bleach solution for sterilisation, for one minute. These were then blotted dry and plated on Potato Dextrose Agar PDA. The plates were sealed with a cellotape until growth occurred. Results: The microorganisms identified to be responsible for causing rot in Solenostemon rotundifolius tubers were six in number. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was identified to be responsible for 30.76% of rots observed, followed by Aspergillus niger, 23.07%, Curvularia lunata, 19.23%, Aspergillus flavus, 11.54%, Trichoderma sp and Penicillium sp both recorded 7.70% of rots observed. The percentage incidence of Aspergillus niger (15.38%), Curvularia lunata (11.54%) and Aspergillus flavus (7.69%) was higher in the black cultivar as compared with the brown cultivar which had percentage incidence of 7.69%, 7.69% and 3.85% respectively. Also, the percentage incidence of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (15.38%) and Penicillium sp (3.85%) was the same in both the black and brown cultivars of Solenostemon rotundifolius tubers used in this study. Conclusion: The activities of the damaging microorganisms can be reduced by controlling mechanical injury during harvesting, transportation and storage of Solenostemon rotundifolius tubers should be prevented or reduced because they pave the way for tuber infection by the rot causing microorganisms.


2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thatyane Pereira de Sousa ◽  
Ivaneide Oliveira Nascimento ◽  
Claudio Belmino Maia ◽  
Joacir Morais ◽  
Gustavo De Andrade Bezerra ◽  
...  

RESUMO: A utilização de sementes de boa qualidade sanitária no plantio é um fator de fundamental importância para o estabelecimento da lavoura, uma vez que a sementes pode servir como fonte de inoculo. Com o presente trabalho se objetivou identificar os principais fungos associados às sementes de soja transgênica variedade BRS Valiosa RR. A análise sanitária foi conduzida no Laboratório de Fitopatologia do Centro de Estudos Superiores de Imperatriz da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, utilizando-se o “blotter test” de acordo com as Regras para analise de Sementes, do Ministério da Agricultura. As sementes foram incubadas em condições de fotoperíodo por sete dias, com incidência de luz branca fluorescente num intervalo de 12 horas de luz e 12 horas de escuro, à temperatura de aproximadamente 26±5 0C, durante sete dias. Após esse período as sementes foram examinadas individualmente, sob microscópio estereoscópico e óptico e os resultados foram expressos em percentagem de incidência de fungos. Foram identificados cinco gêneros de fungos: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Rizopus sp., Colletotrichum truncatum, Fusarium semitectum, Penicillium sp. Os quais podem afetar o desenvolvimento de plântulas no campo. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: patógenos, sanidade, qualidade.


2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
Romana Akter ◽  
KS Hossain ◽  
MA Bashar

Antagonistic potentials of seven rhizoshere soil fungi viz., Aspergillus flavus Link., A. fumigatus Fresen., A. niger Tiegh., A. terreus Thom., Penicillium sp., Trichoderma harzianum Refat. and T. viride Pers. were tested against the Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. and F. solani (Mart.) Sacc. – the two pathogens, isolated from wilted roots of brinjal plants. Out of seven soil fungi Trichoderma harzianum was found most effective to control the growth of both the test pathogens. More than 50% inhibition of the test pathogens were observed with T. viride, Aspergillus niger and A. fumigatus in colony interaction. The maximum inhibition of radial growth of the test pathogens was observed with volatile metabolites and cell free culture filtrates of Trichoderma harzianum. This fungus may be exploited commercially to control the disease. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 24(2): 137-145, 2015 (July)


Author(s):  
V. K. Robinson ◽  
B. Samuel-Penu ◽  
S. O. Minimah

The susceptibility of fungal isolates associated with indoor air of medical institutions to commonly used antifungal agents were investigated using the open plate technique on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar plates. The well in agar diffusion technique was used in determining the antifungal susceptibility. The antifungal agents used were fluconazole and ketoconazole and these drugs were prepared into four concentrations. Result showed reduced antifungal activity as the concentration decreased. Results of fluconazole against the fungal isolates showed that Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Candida sp, and Mucor sp were all sensitive at 5 mg/ml, 2.5 mg/ml, and 1.25 mg/ml while Rhizopus sp was only sensitive at the 5mg/ml concentration. Antifungal activity of ketoconazole showed that Aspergillus flavus, Candida sp, Mucor sp and Rhizopus sp were all sensitive at the 5, 2.5, 1.25 and 0.63 mg/ml concentrations while A. niger was susceptible to ketoconazole at 5 and 2.5 mg/ml concentrations. The MIC of Ketoconazole against Candida sp, Aspergillus flavus, Mucor sp and Rhizopus sp was 0.63 mg/ml. while the MIC of Aspergillus niger was at 2.5 mg/ml. There was highly significant difference (P≤0.05) in the response of the fungal isolates to fluconazole and ketoconazole in all concentrations of the drugs. Result also showed that both drugs were more effective against Candida sp and because of the effectiveness of ketoconazole on other isolates, it is recommended for use in treating mycoses caused by these fungi from this site.


Author(s):  
Khalid Sayed ◽  
Lavania Baloo ◽  
Naresh Kumar Sharma

A crude oil spill is a common issue during offshore oil drilling, transport and transfer to onshore. Second, the production of petroleum refinery effluent is known to cause pollution due to its toxic effluent discharge. Sea habitats and onshore soil biota are affected by total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) as a pollutant in their natural environment. Crude oil pollution in seawater, estuaries and beaches requires an efficient process of cleaning. To remove crude oil pollutants from seawater, various physicochemical and biological treatment methods have been applied worldwide. A biological treatment method using bacteria, fungi and algae has recently gained a lot of attention due to its efficiency and lower cost. This review introduces various studies related to the bioremediation of crude oil, TPH and related petroleum products by bioaugmentation and biostimulation or both together. Bioremediation studies mentioned in this paper can be used for treatment such as emulsified residual spilled oil in seawater with floating oil spill containment booms as an enclosed basin such as a bioreactor, for petroleum hydrocarbons as a pollutant that will help environmental researchers solve these problems and completely clean-up oil spills in seawater.


Author(s):  
Larissa Nobre Veras ◽  
Erivan de Olivindo Cavalcante ◽  
Jacqueline Moura Barbosa ◽  
Thyra Pimentel Alves ◽  
José Mauro da Silva Alves ◽  
...  

O amendoim é uma oleaginosa originária da América do Sul. A espécie utilizada na alimentação humana, Arachis hypogaea, é bastante comercializada na forma industrializada ou caseira. Este estudo visou avaliar a contaminação micológica de amostras de amendoim industrializados e caseiros, determinando as possíveis interferências e os malefícios para a saúde humana. Para a realização do presente estudo, obteve-se a coleta de três amostras industrializadas, comercializadas em supermercados, e três amostras caseiras, vendidas por ambulantes, ambas encontradas na cidade de Fortaleza, Ceará. Elas foram levadas ao Laboratório de Microbiologia na Universidade Estadual do Ceará e os procedimentos para análise micológica foram realizados pelo método de plaqueamento. Todas as amostras analisadas em triplicada, tanto caseiras quanto industrializadas, apresentaram crescimento fúngico, constatando-se, em geral, a presença dos seguintes gêneros e espécies: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus sp. e Penicillium sp. Os achados fúngicos podem estar relacionados a micoses, além da produção de aflatoxinas prejudiciais à saúde humana. Concluiu-se que os amendoins analisados apresentaram uma ampla contaminação fúngica, podendo ser responsáveis pelo comprometimento da saúde dos consumidores. Consequentemente, aconselha-se um maior controle nos processos de manipulação e armazenamento de amendoins, objetivando a garantia da segurança alimentar da população.


2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 300156
Author(s):  
R.N. Conmy ◽  
P.G. Coble ◽  
J. Farr ◽  
A.M. Wood ◽  
R. Parsons ◽  
...  

In situ fluorometers were deployed during the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) Gulf of Mexico oil spill to provide critical measurements for tracking the subsea oil plume. In the wake of the spill, uncertainties regarding instrument specifications, capabilities and reliability necessitated performance testing of sensors (commonly used during spill response) exposed to simulated, dispersed oil plumes. Moreover, concerns on the applicability of laboratory calibrations (at high concentrations and insufficient mixing energies) to field conditions and on sensor reliability to detect dispersed oil persist. To address these uncertainties the performance of select commercially-available sensors (from Chelsea Technologies Group, Satlantic, Turner Designs, WetLabs Inc) was evaluated using a wave tank facility at the Bedford Institute of Oceanography in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Breaking waves were generated within the tank to simulate mixing energies and achieve dispersant effectiveness observed in the field. Presented here are the results of the sensors exposed to chemically-dispersed MC252 crude oil using Corexit 9500, DOR=1:20. Stepwise additions of dispersed oil (0.3 – 12 ppm) to the tank were used to establish linearity. Model 1 linear least squares regressions were calculated and applied to sensor data during validation experiments to simulate dilution of an oil plume. Dynamic ranges of the sensors, exposed to fresh and artificially weathered crude oil, were determined. Sensors were standardized against known oil volumes and measured Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) and Benzene-Toluene-Ethylbenzene-Xylene (BTEX) values – both collected during spills, providing oil estimates during dilution experiments. Results were validated against particle size data (Sequoia LISST). All sensors estimated oil concentrations down to 300 ppb oil, refuting previous reports. Low percent differences and absolute errors between chemistry and sensor results were metrics to evaluate performance. Discussed will be the application of this vicarious calibration approach as a means to calibrate the DWH fine-scale fluorescence data into oil concentrations. This allows for filling in coarse-scale field chemistry data, improved assessment of DWH spill measurements mined from the NOAA NODC, and understanding the fate and transport of the DWH oil plume.


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