scholarly journals Assessment of in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Author(s):  
Sarah Alaa Mohsen ◽  
Fatma Ahmed El Deeb ◽  
Ehab Sayed Ramadan ◽  
Mai Abd El-Raouf Eissa

Background: Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common and potentially debilitating disorder. Neuropsychological assessment provides unique complementary information that is critical for evaluating higher cortical abilities. This study aimed to assess the neuropsychological functions in OCD patients which can then point to the brain structures or pathways and to study the correlation between these assessments and different clinical variables. Methods: This cross-sectional case control study had included sixty patients who were divided into two groups, Group I: thirty OCD patients diagnosed by DSM-IV and Group II: thirty healthy controls who were recruited from the community, matched with patients’ age, gender, and education. Results: The age of onset in our study was 19.13 ± 0.35 years, the mean duration was 7.44 ± 3.88 years, 40% of the studied cases had severe OCD symptoms and 33.3% of them were compulsive cleaners. There was a high significant difference between the two groups regarding WCST in favor of the control group. There was a high significant difference between the two groups regarding ROCF where the control group showed better results than the OCD patients. Conclusions: Neuropsychological test performance remains an informative and objective means of investigation, especially when applied to psychiatric disorders. The executive functions in OCD patients were impaired in comparison to the normal study subjects.

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzad Allameh ◽  
Mahtab Motamed ◽  
Morteza Fallah-Karkan ◽  
Mohammad Poury ◽  
Saba Faraji ◽  
...  

Background: Overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome correlates with mental disorders, especially depressive disorders and anxiety disorders, and less frequently obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and occurs mostly in older people. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is more frequent in OAB patients. Most OCD people are diagnosed at the age of about 19, typically with an earlier age of onset in boys than in girls, but the onset after age 35 does occur less frequently. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between OCD and OAB. Methods: In this case-control study, 1,160 cases who were over 18 years old who were referred to the urodynamic clinic of Shohada-e-Tajrish center from June 2013 to February 2018 in Tehran, Iran, enrolled of whom 580 were considered the control group who were non-OAB patients, and 580 subjects were considered the case group who were OAB patients. The diagnosis of OAB was confirmed by a single urologist. All cases had detrusor overactivity (DO) in urodynamic study (UDS). The OAB-validated 8-questionnaire screen test (OAB-V8) was conducted, and the diagnosis of OCD was confirmed by a single psychiatrist according to DSM-5 criteria. Moreover, the Yale-Brown questionnaire was completed for each patient to rate the severity of OCD symptoms. Results: About the Yale-Brown Obsessive-compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) total score, there is a significant difference between patients with obsessive traits and the control group (P < 0.001). OCD scores were significantly higher in the OAB group compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that the population of the studied patients with OAB was more probable to have OCD than non-OAB control subjects in aged classified groups (OR: 6.23; P < 0.001). Conclusions: The findings of this study showed that OAB patients reported higher obsessive-compulsive scores (Y-BOCS) compared to the controls. There is an independent correlation between OCD and OAB. However, the linkage between OCD and OAB justifies the need for more research.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-120
Author(s):  
Ayça Aktaç Gürbüz ◽  
Orçun YORULMAZ ◽  
Gülşah DURNA

Scientific research into the reduction of stigmatization, particularly related to specific problems such as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), is scarce. In the present study, we examine the impact of a video-based antistigma intervention program for OCD in a pretest-posttest control group research. After being randomly assigned to either an intervention (n= 101) or control group (n= 96), the participants reported their attitudes on a hypothetical case vignette before and after OCD vs. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) videos, and again six months later as a follow up assessment. The mixed design analyses for the group comparisons indicated that although there was no significant difference in the measures of the control group, the participants watching the anti-stigma OCD video, in which the focus was psychoeducation and interaction strategies, reported significantly lower scores on social distances and negative beliefs for the case vignettes they read, and this difference was maintained six months later. Then, the present results indicate the effectiveness of our anti-stigma intervention program for OCD. Interventions to reduce stigmatization can also be viewed as effective tools for changing the attitudes of people toward OCD, although further research and applications are needed related to specific disorders if a longlasting impact is to be achieved.


2009 ◽  
Vol 195 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica R. Grisham ◽  
Tracy M. Anderson ◽  
Richie Poulton ◽  
Terrie E. Moffitt ◽  
Gavin Andrews

BackgroundExisting neuropsychological studies of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) are cross-sectional and do not provide evidence of whether deficits are trait-related (antecedent and independent of symptomatology) or state-related (a consequence, dependent on symptomatology).AimsTo investigate whether there are premorbid neuropsychological deficits associated with adult OCD.MethodLongitudinal data were collected from participants of the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Developmental study. Neuropsychological data collected at age 13 were linked with age 32 diagnosis of OCD.ResultsThe group who had OCD at age 32 differed significantly from the control group with no OCD on their performance at age 13 on neuropsychological tests of visuospatial, visuoconstructive and visuomotor skills, controlling for gender and socioeconomic status, but did not differ on tests of general IQ or verbal ability. Performance of the group with OCD on tests of executive functioning was mixed.ConclusionsIndividuals with OCD have premorbid impairment in visuospatial abilities and some forms of executive functioning, consistent with biological models of OCD.


1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Cumming ◽  
Phillipa Hay ◽  
Teresa Lee ◽  
Perminder Sachdev

Seventeen obsessive-compulsive disorder patients treated with psychosurgery were administered a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery. Their performance on neuropsychological testing was compared with that of an age and severity matched sample of 17 OCD sufferers who had not received psychosurgery. The psychosurgery and control groups did not differ in intellectual or memory functioning, consistent with earlier findings that psychosurgery does not reduce global ability estimates. The psychosurgery group performed more poorly than the control group on an adaptation of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, demonstrating the possible impact of frontal lobe lesions on the abilities underpinning the formation and shifting of response sets.


Author(s):  
Hiva Mahmoodi ◽  
Hasan Gharibi ◽  
Mohamad Khaledian

The aim of this study was the investigation of the efficacy of the Cognitive and Exposure therapy on the treatment of obsessive- compulsive disorder. This study is experimental expanded with multiple group pre-test, post-test. The statistical population of this study are included all patients with OCD, referred to clinical centers, hospitals and private clinics and counseling centers in Saghez and Boukan citiesat the age of 40-20 years. The statistical sample of this study is included 45 patientswith Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Who were selected randomly. Cognitive therapy was administered for the first experimental group and the second experimental group receives exposure therapy while the control group received no treatment. Subscales Madsly questionnaire was usedfor data gathering for OCD. For data analysis, multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and least significant difference test to compare scores differences between pretest - posttest variables in the experimental and control groups was used. Findings showed that Cognitive and Aversion Therapy on the control group has a significant impact on the improvement of obsession, check out, washing, slowness and obsessive doubts. The results showed that Whittal Cognitive Therapy more impact on the reduction of obsessions in comparsion with Exposure therapy.


2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hande Ayraler Taner ◽  
Rabet Gozil ◽  
Elvan Iseri ◽  
Ece Buru ◽  
Meltem Bahcelioglu

Objectives: The ratio of the index finger (2D) to the ring finger (4D) is different in males and females. This ratio (2D:4D) has been investigated in a variety of diseases, including autism, schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and anxiety disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the 2D:4D ratio in children and adolescents with obsessive compulsive disorder and to detect any differences in that ratio between participants with obsessive compulsive disorder and a healthy control Material-Methods: The study included 30 children and adolescents diagnosed with obsessive compulsive disorder between ages 7-17 and 90 age-sex matched controls. After the psychiatric evaluations;  finger lenghts were measured with a digital compass. Main results: Girls with obsessive compulsive disorder had greater 2D:4D ratios in their right and left hands than the control group. Although there was no statistically significant difference, the 2D:4D ratio in the right hand was greater in the obsessive compulsive disorder group than in the control group. Conclusion: With relation to obsessive compulsive disorder, some differences were detected in 2D:4D ratios of patients  with obsessive compulsive disorder and control groups but there were no statistically significant results except for that of girls with obsessive compulsive disorder. Further studies are needed to fully understand the relationship between obsessive compulsive disorder and the 2D:4D ratio. Objetivos: La proporción entre los dedos índice y anular es diferente en las mujeres y en los hombres. Esta proporción ha sido estudiada en varias enfermedades como el trastorno de ansiedad, el trastorno de la concentración y la hiperactividad. El objetivo de este estudio era investigar la proporción entre los dedos de índice y anular en los niños y adolescentes que tienen trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo y determinar si existía alguna diferencia entre los participantes con trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo y los del grupo sano. Material y métodos: En el estudio fueron incluidos 30 niños y adolescentes que tenían entre 7 y 17 años de edad con trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo y 90 individuos sanos de igual edad y sexo como el grupo control. Después de las evaluaciones psiquiátricas, la longitud de los dedos fue medida con calibre digital. Resultados: Las niñas y adolescentes con trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo tenían una proporción mayor entre los dedos índice y anular en las manos derechas e izquierdas que el grupo control. Aunque no había una diferencia estadísticamente significativa, la proporción entre los dedos índice y anular en la mano derecha era más grande en el grupo de trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo que el grupo control. Conclusiones: Algunas diferencias fueron detectadas en la proporción entre los dedos índice y anular en los pacientes con trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo y los del grupo control, pero no había resultados estadísticamente significativos excepto las niñas y adolescentes con trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo. Se requieren más estudios para entender completamente la relación entre el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo y la proporción entre los dedos índice y anular. 


2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 584-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Moritz ◽  
Karla Spirandelli ◽  
Insa Happach ◽  
Despina Lion ◽  
Fabrice Berna

AbstractObjectives: There is mixed evidence regarding whether patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) display substantial neurocognitive deficits. Several studies implicate poor motivation, comorbid disorders, or distraction due to obsessive thoughts as potential causes of secondary malperformance. The present study examined the impact of stereotype threat (i.e., confrontation with a negative stereotype may impair performance) on neuropsychological functioning in individuals with OCD. We hypothesized that a stereotype threat cue emphasizing neurocognitive deficits in OCD (as is often conveyed in disclosure and consent documents that inform patients about the purpose of a study) would compromise patients’ test performance relative to a control group who did not receive such cue. Methods: Fifty participants with either a verified or a likely diagnosis of OCD were recruited online and randomly assigned to either an experimental condition aimed to elicit stereotype threat or a control condition. Both groups underwent (objective) memory and attention (Go/NoGo task) assessments and completed questionnaires capturing psychopathology, cognitive complaints, and self-stigma. Results: As hypothesized, patients in the stereotype threat condition performed worse on the Go/NoGo task. Groups did not differ on any other measures. Conclusions: Stereotype threat negatively impacted neuropsychological performance on an attention task. The threat cue was perhaps too weak or the stereotype threat was already internalized by the patients and “saturated” at baseline so that no effect emerged on the other measures. Implications for clinical trials are discussed. (JINS, 2018, 24, 584–592)


1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Rettew ◽  
Deborah L. Cheslow ◽  
Judith L. Rapoport ◽  
Henrietta L. Leonard ◽  
Marge C. Lenane ◽  
...  

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Cassano ◽  
G Del Buono ◽  
F Catapano

SummaryWe administered the Personality Disorder Examination (PDE) to 31 patients meeting DSM III criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and to an age-and sex-matched healthy control group. Seventeen patients (54.8%) and four controls (12.9%) met criteria for one or more DSM III Axis II diagnoses. The most frequent Axis II diagnoses in patients were avoidant, passive-aggressive and compulsive personality disorder. Compulsive personality disorder was diagnosed in 6 OCD patients (19.3%). The prevalence of this disorder did not change according to sex, age of onset or duration of OCD, and severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms.


Author(s):  
Farzad Farhoodi ◽  
Javad Salehi Fadardi ◽  
Ali Ghanaie Chamanabad ◽  
Seyed Hamid Mirhoseini

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy based on exposure and response prevention on the patients with contamination obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and scrupulosity. Methods: The method was semi-experimental pretest-posttest design by control group. Sixty OCD participants who were suffering from scrupulosity and contamination OCD were diagnosed by means of diagnostic interviewing, Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale and Penn inventory of scrupulosity. They were selected through convenience sampling method and were assigned in two experimental groups and one control group (each group 20). The cognitive behavioral therapy based on exposure and response prevention was performed on the subjects in nine individual sessions for 45 minutes for each experimental group. The data were analyzed using SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL; Version 16 by the multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: The results of multivariate analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc tests showed that cognitive behavioral therapy based on exposure and response prevention were effective in decreasing OCD in the experimental groups compared to the control group (0.001≥ P). Bonferroni post hoc test showed that there was a significant difference between the scrupulosity group and the contamination group and control group on the obsession variable (0.05 < P). There was no significant difference between the contamination group and the scrupulosity group on the compulsion variable (0.15 < p). Conclusion: The findings suggest that cognitive behavioral therapy based on exposure and response prevention could help alleviate symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder in both religious and contamination OCD.


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