scholarly journals Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Gram-negative Uropathogens Isolated in Public Hospital Establishment «Saad Guermech Saoudi Amar Hmaida» Skikda-Algeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Mohamed Sabri Khelfaoui ◽  
Rayane Zeroug ◽  
Maroua Yousfi ◽  
Bouchra Satha
Keyword(s):  
Public Hospital ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a serious world-wide health problem whose treatment becomes highly difficult due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. Aims: Herein, a retrospective study was conducted with the aim to determine the prevalence, the identification of the bacteria responsible of UTIs, and the antimicrobial resistance profile. Study Design: All Patient samples, including either external samples or samples taken from patients admitted to Public Hospital Establishment “Saad Guermech Saoudi Amar Hmaida” in Skikda-Algeria were used in this study for a period extending from January 2018 – March 2020. Methodology: The identification of bacterial strains and the antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out using Analytical Profile index galleries (API) system and disk diffusion method. Results: Among the 1203 samples, 206 (17.12%) were positive, and 997 (82.88%) were negative for bacterial growth. Regarding the pathogenic strains, 26 (12.62%), and 180 (87.38%) were found respectively, Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains. Among the 180 Gram negative strains, 104 (57.83%) were reported in female patients, 68 (37.72%) were in male patients, and 8 (4.45%) whose gender was not mentioned. The most representative Gram-negative strains are Escherichia coli (E. coli) (43.33%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) (13.33%), Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis) (7.77%), Enterobacter sp (E. sp) (6.66%), since the other strains were less frequent. Moreover, 6 bacterial strains belonging to 3 genera (Escherichia, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter) were ESBLs producers with an overall prevalence of 3.33% of pathogenic strains isolated from urine. ESBLs were produced in 4.00%, 5.88%, and 6.25% of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and E. cloacae strains respectively. Conclusion: E. coli was found to be the most predominant strain, while most of the Gram- negative strains were highly resistant to Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, Ampicillin, penicillin and tobramycin.

SEARCH FOR ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS: QUINOXALINE AS A PROMISING TARGET

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (07) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
R. G Ingle ◽  
◽  
S. J. Wadher
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Quinoxaline Derivatives

A set of ten new 2,3-diphenyl-6-sulfonamido quinoxaline derivatives was synthesized and screened for antimicrobial activity by disk diffusion method. Test derivatives R3, R5, R’’1 and R’’2 show promising results against bacterial strains S. aureus gram positive and E. coli gram negative organism with the concentration 1000 μg/mL in disk diffusion method. Rest of the derivatives show sensitivity against the same organisms. All the synthesized derivatives were confirmed by their spectral data.

scholarly journals STUDY OF VARIOUS FIVE EXTRACTS OF TRACHYSPERMUM AMMI SEEDS ON SELECTED FOUR GRAM-NEGATIVE COOKED FOOD SPOILAGE BACTERIAL STRAINS BY DISK DIFFUSION METHOD

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (9SE) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Usha Masih
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Trachyspermum Ammi

Bacterial foodborne diseases are caused by consumption of foods contaminated with bacteria or their toxins. This study evaluated antibacterial properties of Trachyspermum ammi Acetone, ethanol, methanol, cold water and hard water extracts of spice (Ajowan) seeds against four gram negative strains of pathogenic foodborne bacteria, E. coli O157:H7   ATCC 43888, ATCC 25922, ATCC 8739 and ATCC 43895 that cause infection and intoxication. E. coli ATCC 43888 was observed to be highly susceptible to all extracts of ajowan with absolute zones of inhibition in the range of 16mm – 23mm in diameter. This study demonstrated that spice extracts have antimicrobial activity against food-borne bacterial species and should be considered as potential antibacterial agents for addition to ready meals. The spice contain high amount of secondary metabolites due to these metabolites they have high antimicrobial activity and it can be used as good bio- preserver and it can also use for medicinal purpose.

Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Local and Imported Retail Chicken Carcasses

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (12) ◽  
pp. 2200-2208
Author(s):  
NAHLA O. ELTAI ◽  
HADI M. YASSINE ◽  
TAHRA EL-OBEID ◽  
SARA H. AL-HADIDI ◽  
ASMAA A. AL THANI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Multiplex Pcr Assay ◽  
Synergy Test

ABSTRACT The spread of antibiotic resistance among bacterial strains has been associated with consumption of food contaminated with both pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli isolates in local and imported retail raw chicken meat in Qatar. A total of 270 locally produced (chilled) and imported (chilled or frozen) whole chicken carcasses were obtained from three Hypermarket stores in Qatar. The 216 E. coli isolates recovered from the chicken samples were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing with the disk diffusion method. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production was evaluated with the double disk synergy test. Isolates harboring colistin resistance were identified with a multiplex PCR assay and DNA sequencing. Nearly 89% (192) of the 216 isolates were resistant to at least one of the 18 antibiotics tested. Isolates from local and imported chicken carcasses had relatively higher resistance to sulfamethoxazole (62% of isolates), tetracycline (59.7%), ampicillin and trimethoprim (52.3% each), ciprofloxacin (47.7%), cephalothin (45.4%), and colistin (31.9%). Less resistance was found to amoxicillin–clavulanic acid (6%), ceftriaxone (5.1%), nitrofurantoin (4.2%), piperacillin-tazobactam (4.2%), cefepime (2.3%), meropenem (1.4%), ertapenem (0.9%), and amikacin (0.9%). Nine isolates (4.2%) were ESBL producers, and 137 (63.4%) were multidrug resistant. The percentages of multidrug-resistant, ESBL-producing, and colistin resistant isolates were significantly higher among isolates from local chilled than from imported chilled and frozen chicken samples. Our findings indicate the high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli in chicken meat sold at retail in Qatar. HIGHLIGHTS

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance of Uropathogens Isolated from Patients Hospitalized in District Hospital in Central Poland in 2020

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 447
Author(s):  
Barbara Kot ◽  
Agata Grużewska ◽  
Piotr Szweda ◽  
Jolanta Wicha ◽  
Urszula Parulska
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ◽  
Tract Infections

The aim of this study was to determine antibiotic resistance patterns and the prevalence of uropathogenes causing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients hospitalized in January–June 2020 in central Poland. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk-diffusion method. Escherichia coli (52.2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.7%), Enterococcus faecalis (9.3%), E. faecium (6.2%), and Proteus mirabilis (4,3%) were most commonly isolated from urine samples. E. coli was significantly more frequent in women (58.6%) (p = 0.0089) and in the age group 0–18, while K. pneumoniae was more frequent in men (24.4%) (p = 0.0119) and in individuals aged 40–60 and >60. Gram-negative species showed resistance to ampicillin. K. pneumoniae were resistant to amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid (75.0%), piperacillin plus tazobactam (76.2%), cefotaxime (76.2%), cefuroxime (81.0%), ciprofloxacin (81.0%), and trimethoprim plus sulphamethoxazole (81.0%). Carbapenems were effective against all E. coli and P. mirabilis. Some K. pneumoniae (13.6%) produced metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs). E. coli (22.6%), K. pneumoniae (81.8%), and all E. faecium were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Some E. coli (26.2%), K. pneumoniae (63.6%), and P. mirabilis (14.3%) isolates produced extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL). Vancomycin-resistant E. faecium was also found. This study showed that the possibilities of UTIs therapy using available antibiotics become limited due to the increasing number of antibiotic-resistant uropathogens.

Antibiotic Resistance of Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Fresh Fruits and Vegetables and Characterization of their AmpC β-Lactamases

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 1857-1863 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZAHRA S. AL-KHAROUSI ◽  
NEJIB GUIZANI ◽  
ABDULLAH M. AL-SADI ◽  
ISMAIL M. AL-BULUSHI
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Enterobacter Asburiae

ABSTRACT Enterobacteria may gain antibiotic resistance and be potent pathogens wherever they are present, including in fresh fruits and vegetables. This study tested the antibiotic resistance of enterobacteria isolated from 13 types of local and imported fresh fruits and vegetables (n = 105), using the standard Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Phenotypic and genotypic characterizations of AmpC β-lactamases were determined in cefoxitin-resistant isolates. Ten percent of the enterobacteria tested (n = 88) were pansusceptible, 74% were resistant to at least one antibiotic, and 16% were multidrug resistant. Enterobacteria isolates showed the highest antibiotic resistance against ampicillin (66%), cephalothin (57%), amoxicillin–clavulanic acid (33%), cefoxitin (31%), tetracycline (9%), nalidixic acid (7%), trimethoprim (6%), and kanamycin (5%). Three isolates showed intermediate resistance to the clinically important antibiotic imipenem. Escherichia coli isolated from lettuce exhibited multidrug resistance against five antibiotics. Fifteen isolates were confirmed to have AmpC β-lactamase, using the inhibitor-based test and the antagonism test; the latter test confirmed that the enzyme was an inducible type. Four types of ampC β-lactamase genes (CIT, EBC, FOX, and MOX) were detected in eight isolates: four Enterobacter cloacae isolates and one isolate each of Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter asburiae, Enterobacter hormaechei, and Enterobacter ludwigii. It was concluded that fresh fruits and vegetables might play a role as a source or vehicle for transferring antibiotic-resistant bacteria that might spread to other countries through exportation. The clinically significant AmpC β-lactamase was rarely documented in the literature on bacteria isolated from fruits and vegetables, and to our knowledge, this is the first report on the detection of an inducible type in such commodities.

scholarly journals Detection of plasmid-mediated qnr genes among the quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli isolates in Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (07) ◽  
pp. 818-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Firoozeh ◽  
Mohammad Zibaei ◽  
Younes Soleimani-Asl
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance, which complicates treatment, has been increasingly identified in Escherichia coli isolates worldwide. The purpose of this study was to identify the plasmid-mediated qnrA and qnrB genes among the quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infections in Iran. Methodology: A total of 140 Escherichia coli isolates were collected between March and October 2012 from urinary tract infections in Khorram Abad, Iran. All isolates were tested for quinoloe resistance using the disk diffusion method. Also, all quinolone-resistant isolates were screened for the presence of the qnrA and qnrB genes by polymerase chain reaction. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ciprofloxacin for the qnr-positive isolates were determined. Results: One hundred sixteen (82.8%) of 140 Escherichia coli isolates were nalidixic acid-resistant; among them, 14 (12.1%) and 9 (7.8%) were qnrA and qnrB-positive, respectively. Two quinolone-resistant isolates harbored both qnrA and qnrB. Among 63 ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates, 14 (22.2%) and 9 (14.3%) were found to carry qnrA and qnrB genes, respectively. The ciprofloxacin MIC range was 0.25–512 μg/mL for 23 qnr-positive Escherichia coli isolates, 18 of which had MICs values of 4–512 μg/mL. Conclusion: Our study shows that the frequency of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes among E. coli isolates in Iran is high.

scholarly journals ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATE FROM URINARY TRACT INFECTION OF THALASSEMIC PATIENTS IN THI-QAR PROVINCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (28) ◽  
pp. 22-33
Author(s):  
Alaa Abood Yasir OKAB ◽  
Manal B SALIH
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Tract Infections

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most common type of pathogen that causes Urinary tract infection disease. It can be presented as a pathogenic or non-pathogenic strain and found not only in the animal but also in the human intestine. This bacterium can cause opportunistic infection when the human host comprised of thalassemia patients or changes the healthy hemostatic flora. This study aimed to analyze the presence of bacteria in thalassemia patients with urinary tract infection. A total of 303 samples were collected during the period from August 2019 to January 2020 from thalassemia patients who suffered from urinary tract infection. The results showed that there were 6.9% of patients infected with E. coli, 2.6% of patients were infected with S. aureus, 0.7% with both Proteus and Klebsiella, while 89.1% of patients had a negative sample for bacteria. Also, the incidence of urinary tract infections in females is higher than in males. Besides, its occurrence in rural areas is higher than in city residents. Moreover, among 16 antibiotics tested to sensitize bacteria to antibiotics, Imipenem showed 100% efficacy on all isolated bacteria. In contrast, Netilmicin showed 80.1% efficacy, Gentamycin 80.1%, and Amikacin 76.2%. Ampicillin, Aztreonam, Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid, Tetracycline, and Ticarcillin-Clavulanic Acid, did not show any effectiveness toward the bacteria while other antibiotics showed different activities. Furthermore, the isolated microbes from thalassemia patients were the highest resistance to antibiotics in comparison with other studies, and this antibiotic-resistant may be due to the weakening of the patient's immune status and frequent blood taking and the antibodies it contains.

scholarly journals Lactobacilli From Buffalo Milk and Yogurt With Antibacterial Activity Against Gram-Negative Uropathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-113
Author(s):  
Sahar Baie ◽  
Ania Ahani Azari ◽  
Teena Dadgar
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Buffalo Milk ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
North East ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the antibacterial activity of Lactobacillus strains isolated from buffalo milk and yogurt in Aliabad-e Katul city, Golestan province, north-east of Iran. Methods: Raw milk and yogurt samples were collected and cultured on MRS medium by incubating anaerobically at 37°C for 48 hours. The suspected colonies were identified on the basis of Gram staining, biochemical tests, and carbohydrates fermentation. The antibacterial activity of the cell-free supernatant (CFS) extracted from Lactobacillus strains was determined using the agar well diffusion method against standard strains of Escherichia coli ATCC 11303, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442 as well as gram-negative uropathogens previously isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs). Three isolates of E. coli (E1, E2, and E3), two isolates of P. aeruginosa (P1 and P2), and two isolates of K. pneumoniae (K1 and K2) were used in this study. Results: A total of 19 Lactobacillus strains were identified as L. plantarum, L. casei, L. acidophilus, and L. helveticus. Based on the results of antibacterial activity test, the isolates had the highest and lowest inhibitory effects on the E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates, respectively. Among the isolates, only L. casei isolates showed inhibitory activity against K. pneumoniae isolates. Conclusions: In this study, Lactobacilli from buffalo milk and yogurt demonstrated a good inhibitory activity against E. coli as a common cause of urinary tract infection. Therefore, further studies are recommended to elucidate their potential for being used as an alternative to antibiotic therapy.

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LUDWIGIA PARVIFLORA L. AGAINST STANDARD BACTERIAL STRAINS AND COMPARISON OF ITS ACTIVITY WITH THAT OF STANDARD ANTIBIOTICS

2019 ◽  
pp. 430-432
Author(s):  
SHIBU GEORGE ◽  
MEVLIN JOY
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
The Common ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract of Ludwigia parviflora L. using standard bacterial strains and compare its activity with that of standard antibiotics. Methods: The antibacterial activity and antibiotic susceptibility tests were done by disk diffusion method using MTCC bacterial strains. Results: The study revealed that the methanolic extract of the whole plant of L. parviflora L. was effective to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli. Among the tested strains, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and E. coli were more susceptible to the methanolic extract of L. parviflora than the commonly using antibiotic tetracycline 30 mcg. The activity of methanolic extract was also higher than the activity of gentamicin 10 mcg against the P. aeruginosa. Conclusion: The study concluded that the crude methanolic extract of the whole plant of L. parviflora L. is a good source for antibacterial agent against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and E. coli. Hence, this plant can be used as a natural alternative to the common antibiotics such as gentamicin and tetracycline against common bacterial infections after validating its pharmacological and toxicological activities.

scholarly journals Drug resistance, serotypes, and phylogenetic groups among uropathogenic Escherichia coli including O25-ST131 in Mexico City

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 840-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Molina-López ◽  
Gerardo Aparicio-Ozores ◽  
Rosa María Ribas-Aparicio ◽  
Sandra Gavilanes-Parra ◽  
María Elena Chávez-Berrocal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pcr Multiplex ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: The increasing prevalence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains resistant to multiple antibiotics complicates the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs). This study aimed to analyze the antimicrobial resistance, serotypes, and phylogenetic groups among strains of E. coli isolated from outpatients with UTIs in Mexico City. Methodology: A total of 119 E. coli isolates were recovered from urine samples from outpatients with clinical diagnosis of uncomplicated UTIs from 2004 to 2007. The serotype was assessed by agglutination in microtiter plates; susceptibility to antimicrobials was determined by the disk diffusion method. Clone O25-ST131 and phylogenetic groups of E. coli strains were tested by methods based on PCR multiplex. Results: The predominant serotype was O25:H4 (21.2%). Resistance to antibiotics was ampicillin (83.7%); piperacillin (53.8%); the fluoroquinolone group (55.5-60.6%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) (56.4%). Additionally, 36 (30.2%) isolates were multidrug-resistant and 13 of these 36 strains were identified as E. coli O25-ST131 clone by an allele-specific PCR-based assay. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 15 of 17 isolates with serotype O25:H4 belonged to group B2. Conclusions: This is the first report that establishes the presence in Mexico of the O25-ST131 clonal group of E. coli, which has been associated with multidrug-resistance and with high virulence potential. The spread of this clone in Mexico should be monitored closely. We found a correlation between serotype O25:H4 and multidrug resistance in UPEC strains. Our results indicate that the use of ampicillin, fluoroquinolones, and TMP/SMX should be reviewed when selecting empirical therapy for UTIs.

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