scholarly journals A Review of the State of the Art towards Biological Applications of Graphene-based Nanomaterials

Author(s):  
Varun Kumar Sharma ◽  
Mohd Yusuf ◽  
Prem Kumar ◽  
. Sheeba ◽  
. Nafisa ◽  
...  

The field of nanoscience has evolved into a wide variety of successes over the past two decades and the emphasis on nanotechnology is to revolve around various dynamic fields, such as sensor, biomedical, and many useful applications. Advances in related fields are certainly due to the ability to synthesize nanoparticles from a variety of materials, structures, and to convert samples into complex nanoarchitectures. The promises of nanomedicine are broad. Graphene (Gr), the first 2-dimensional material to stand alone, is a type of new nanomaterial that leads to the excitement of natural biological applications. Number of researches has been conducted on applicability of GBNs in the area of environment, biomedical, and healthcare sectors. As compared to other nanomaterials, extraordinary properties of graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) like high surface area, multilayers, multifunctional and excellent biocompatibility make them capable to play great roll of highly-tailored multifunctional delivery vehicles for drugs delivery, gene delivery, phototherapy and bioimaging. However, research communities performed plenty of research works on GBNs synthesis and biological acitivity evaluation, but  there is limited comprehensive reviews published so far biological applications. So, we have studied a large number of scientific reports and investigations, presented in this review describing recent progress and modern perspectives with respect to graphene and related nanomaterials for biological applications.

ChemTexts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erhard Kemnitz ◽  
Stefan Mahn ◽  
Thoralf Krahl

Abstract The recently developed fluorolytic sol–gel route to metal fluorides opens a very broad range of both scientific and technical applications of the accessible high surface area metal fluorides, many of which have already been applied or tested. Specific chemical properties such as high Lewis acidity and physical properties such as high surface area, mesoporosity and nanosize as well as the possibility to apply metal fluorides on surfaces via a non-aqueous sol make the fluorolytic synthesis route a very versatile one. The scope of its scientific and technical use and the state of the art are presented.


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Radacsi ◽  
Fernando Diaz Campos ◽  
Calum Chisholm ◽  
Konstantinos P. Giapis

Nanofibers spontaneously decorated with nanoparticles were synthesized by nozzle-free electrospinning, showcasing the latter as a novel, inexpensive and scalable method for depositing high-surface area composites. Layers of nanofibers of the intermediate-temperature proton conducting electrolyte cesium dihydrogen phosphate, (CsH2PO4, CDP), were deposited from homogeneous undersaturated solutions of CDP and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), uniformly over large area substrates. Under certain conditions, the nanofibers develop CDP nanoparticles on their surface, which increases the exposed electrolyte surface area and ultimately enhances electrocatalytic performance. Indeed, fuel cell tests on cathodes made of processed nanoparticle-decorated CDP nanofibers produced higher cell voltage, as compared to state-of-the-art electrodes.


Author(s):  
Yaser Rehman ◽  
Z. X. Cheng ◽  
Xiaolin Wang ◽  
Xu-Feng Huang ◽  
Konstantin Konstantinov

Size and shape-controlled two-dimensional (2D) superparamagnetic maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) quantum flakes (MQF) with high surface area and mesoporosity prepared by facile hydrothermal synthesis and calcination for biological applications. These quantum flakes...


Author(s):  
Kailun Yang ◽  
Recep Kas ◽  
Wilson A. Smith

<p>This study evaluated the performance of the commonly used strong buffer electrolytes, i.e. phosphate buffers, during CO<sub>2</sub> electroreduction in neutral pH conditions by using in-situ surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS). Unfortunately, the buffers break down a lot faster than anticipated which has serious implications on many studies in the literature such as selectivity and kinetic analysis of the electrocatalysts. Increasing electrolyte concentration, surprisingly, did not extend the potential window of the phosphate buffers due to dramatic increase in hydrogen evolution reaction. Even high concentration phosphate buffers (1 M) break down within the potentials (-1 V vs RHE) where hydrocarbons are formed on copper electrodes. We have extended the discussion to high surface area electrodes by evaluating electrodes composed of copper nanowires. We would like highlight that it is not possible to cope with high local current densities on these high surface area electrodes by using high buffer capacity solutions and the CO<sub>2</sub> electrocatalysts are needed to be evaluated by casting thin nanoparticle films onto inert substrates as commonly employed in fuel cell reactions and up to now scarcely employed in CO<sub>2</sub> electroreduction. In addition, we underscore that normalization of the electrocatalytic activity to the electrochemical active surface area is not the ultimate solution due to concentration gradient along the catalyst layer.This will “underestimate” the activity of high surface electrocatalyst and the degree of underestimation will depend on the thickness, porosity and morphology of the catalyst layer. </p> <p> </p>


Nanoscale ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (25) ◽  
pp. 10974-10981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiulin Yang ◽  
Ang-Yu Lu ◽  
Yihan Zhu ◽  
Shixiong Min ◽  
Mohamed Nejib Hedhili ◽  
...  

High surface area FeP nanosheets on a carbon cloth were prepared by gas phase phosphidation of electroplated FeOOH, which exhibit exceptionally high catalytic efficiency and stability for hydrogen generation.


Author(s):  
Sisir Maity ◽  
Dheeraj Kumar Singh ◽  
Divya Bhutani ◽  
Suchitra Prasad ◽  
Umesh V. Waghmare ◽  
...  

MethodsX ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 101464
Author(s):  
Yichen Wu ◽  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Charles-François de Lannoy

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