scholarly journals GC-MS Analysis and Antimicrobial Assessment of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Seed Ethanol Extract

2021 ◽  
pp. 271-283
Author(s):  
S. Mabel Parimala ◽  
A. Antilin Salomi
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Microtiter Plate Assay ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

People use plants to treat infections, and this has led to search of antimicrobials from medicinal plants. In this work, we evaluated the ethanol extract of Syzygium cumini seeds for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. Extraction was performed by maceration method using ethanol. The antimicrobial efficacy of the extract was assessed by agar well diffusion method against ten bacterial species, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans, and five fungal species, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans and Mucor sp. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the extract were determined by resazurin microtiter plate assay.  Phytochemicals in the extract was identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) information.  In agar well diffusion method, Gram-negative bacteria such as P. aeruginosa and S. marcescens, Gram-positive bacteria such as B. subtilis and E. faecalis and fungi A. fumigatus were more susceptible showing larger zones of inhibition.  In resazurin method, low MICs were recorded for bacteria, B. cereus (<7.8 µg) and P. aeruginosa (15.6 µg) and fungi, A. fumigatus (31.2 µg).  Fifteen compounds were identified by GC-MS profiling of the extract.  The antimicrobial activity of the extract can be rightly related to the secondary metabolites in the ethanol extract of Syzygium cumini seeds.

scholarly journals Preparation, characterization, antibacterial and antifungal activities of some transition metal complexes with novel Schiff base ligand derived from N-amino rhodanine

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3723-3728
Author(s):  
Soleiman Mahjoub ◽  
Sara Ansari ◽  
Felora Heshmatpour
Keyword(s):  
Schiff Base ◽  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Schiff Base Ligand ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Experimental Conditions

The Schiff base ligand (E)-3-(2-methoxy benzylidene amino)-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one (L), was prepared from N-amino rhodanine and 2-methoxy benzaldehyde . Moreover, Its complexes were synthesized by mixing metal chloride Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II) with the prepared Schiff base ligand. These compounds were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, and elemental analysis. The antimicrobial activity of the ligand and its complexes were tested using four pathogenic bacterial and two fungal species. The bacterial species used in the screening were Salmonella typhi and Vibrio cholera (gram negative) and Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis (gram-positive). The fungal species were Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus nigar. The antimicrobial activities of the ligand and its metal complexes were studied by disc agar diffusion method and compared with Ampicillin. Diameter of inhibition zone (mm) including the disc diameter was measured for each treatment. The findings indicated that the CuL, NiL and CoL complexes have good biological activity but the ligand (L) did not had any activity against the microorganisms under identical experimental conditions.

Evaluation of the Role of Staphylococci in the Pathomechanism of Conjunctivitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Jasińska ◽  
Agnieszka Bogut ◽  
Agnieszka Magryś ◽  
Alina Olender
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Microtiter Plate Assay ◽  
Low Prevalence

Abstract Purpose: Determination of the association between ica genes and phenotypic biofilm formation in staphylococcal isolates involved in conjunctivitis, their antibiotic resistance as well as detection of selected virulence characteristics: adhesion to epithelial cells and in vitro cytotoxicity.Methods: The study included 26 Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and 26 Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE) isolates. The presence of icaAD genes and ica operon was determined by the PCR assay. Phenotypic biofilm formation was verified using the microtiter plate assay. Antibiotic resistance was performed using the disc diffusion method. Staphylococcal ability to attach to host cells was assessed by flow cytometry. Cytotoxicity on epithelial cells was evaluated by LDH assay.Results: The ica genes were detected in 26.9% of SE and in 42.3% of SA isolates. Only 15.3% of isolates (SE) were positive for both the icaAD and the ica operon. Phenotypically, 19.2% of SE isolates were strong biofilm producers, among which three were both icaAD- and ica operon-positive. 26.9% of SA isolates were strong biofilm producers. Methicillin resistance (MR) was detected in 34.6% of SE and 26.9% of SA isolates. 75% of MR isolates were multidrug resistant. SA isolates adhered to host cells more extensively than SE. SA isolates released higher level of LDH than SE.Conclusions: Adherence abilities were commonly observed in staphylococci associated with conjunctivitis. However, low prevalence of isolates positive for a complete and functional ica locus and low prevalence of strong biofilm producers was detected. SA adhered to a greater extent to eukaryotic cells than SE and were more cytotoxic.

scholarly journals Identification and antibiogram study of bacterial species isolated from milk samples of different locations in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Nuruzzaman Munsi ◽  
Nathu Ram Sarker ◽  
Razia Khatun ◽  
Mohammed Khorshed Alam
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
First Choice

Cow’s milk containing pathogenic bacteria is an important threat to the consumers. The objectives of the present study were to identify the bacterial agents of public health importance in milk samples (n=35) of different locations and to determine their sensitivity to different antibiotics. The milk samples were collected and transported aseptically and subsequently allowed for culture in bacteriological media, Gram’s staining and biochemical tests for the identification of bacterial species. The bacteria identified were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi, and their prevalence, in case of vendor milk specimens (n=28), were 96.43%, 53.57% and 35.71% respectively, and of brand milk specimens (n=7), were 42.86 %, 28.57% and 0%, respectively. This suggests that cautionary measures should be taken for quality milk production and consumption. The antibiotic sensitivity test was done by disc diffusion method and the average inhibition zones, in case of Staphylococcus aureus, were 32 mm for oxytetracycline, 26 mm for amoxicillin, 35 mm for ciprofloxacin, 27 mm for cefotaxime, 30 mm for ceftriaxone, 30 mm for azithromycin, and 26 mm for erythromycin; in case of Escherichia coli, were 5 mm for oxytetracycline, 9 mm for amoxicillin, 22 mm for ciprofloxacin, 30 mm for cefotaxime, 31 mm for ceftriaxone, 15 mm for azithromycin, and 0 mm for erythromycin; in case of Salmonella typhi., were 25 mm for oxytetracycline, 24 mm for amoxicillin, 38 mm for ciprofloxacin, 31 mm for cefotaxime, 34 mm for ceftriaxone, 24 mm for azithromycin, and 0 mm for erythromycin. Therefore, ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone may be the antibiotics of first choice, and cefotaxime and azithromycin may be the second choice among the test antibiotics for the treatment of illness caused by these bacteria.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2015, 1(3): 457-462

scholarly journals Chemical composition and antibacterial activities of essential oils from fruits of Melicope pteleifolia (Champ. Ex Benth.) T.G. Hartley grown in Lam Dong Province, Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoang Thi Binh ◽  
Tran Thi Bao Tram ◽  
Do Ngoc Dai ◽  
Vuong Thuy Tien ◽  
Le Minh Tam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

In the present study, chemical composition and antibacterial properties of essential oil obtained from the aerial parts of the Melicope pteleifolia (Champ. ex Benth.) T.G Hartley in Dalat were evaluated. Essential oil was isolated through hydro-distillation. Twenty-nine constituents comprising 100% of the essential oil were characterized by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. The major compounds in the essential oil were (+)-Sabinene (34.73%), Cis-α-bergamotene (13.15%), Z-α-trans-bergamotol (5.28%), β-mycrene (4.98%), and 1,3,6-octatriene, 3,7-dimethyl-(4.71%). Antibacterial activities of Melicope pteleifolia essential oil were investigated against Gram-positive and-negative bacteria. Results showed significant activities against Streptococcus pyogenes and Escherichia coli using an agar well diffusion method. The application of this essential oil in preventing and eliminating bacteria could be useful in fields as medicine and cosmetics. 

scholarly journals Antioxidant, anti-bacterial activity of Perilla frutescens ethanol extract and induction of hairy roots by Agrobacterium rhizogenes

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. first
Author(s):  
TRA DONG PHUONG ◽  
LE THI MONG VUONG ◽  
QUACH NGO DIEM PHUONG
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Agrobacterium Rhizogenes ◽  
Hairy Roots ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Perilla Frutescens ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Specific Reactions ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

Perilla frutescens, a plant of the Lamiaceae, is commonly used for traditional medicine to treat diseases (cold, headache, cough, tympanites, poisoning, ...) because it contains many secondary compounds with bioactivities. Roots, stems and leaves of P. frutescens have been extracted with ethanol. These extracts have also been investigated antioxidant by DPPH method and antibacterial by agar-well-diffusion method. The results showed that these extracts possess antioxidant and antibacterial activity. By specific reactions, we found that phenols, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids and glycosides were contained in all extracts of P. frutescens, but triterpenoids were only found in leaf extract. These secondary compounds are involved in the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of P. frutescens. Next, hairy roots of P. frutescens were induced by Agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC 15834. The results suggested that leaves were the highest-efficiency (67.67 ± 3.51 % of samples produced hairy roots). 20 minutes of immersion and 72 hours of co-culture are optimal for induction of hairy roots. These results are a pre-requisition for further studies related to hairy root cultures aimed production of bioactive compounds.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Screening of Euphorbia hirta L. and Pedalium murex L. - A Comparative Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-199
Author(s):  
DR. Jenifer Solomon Rajan
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Euphorbia Hirta ◽  
The Family ◽  
Annual Herb ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Antimicrobial Assay

Medicinal plants have been used for centuries as remedies for human diseases because they contain components of therapeutic value.Herbal medicine is still mainstay of about 75-80 % of the whole population, mainly in developing countries, for primary health care because of better cultural acceptability, better compatiability with the human body and fewer side effects.Euphorbia hirta (amman pacharisi) is a small perennial herb which belongs to the family of Euphorbiaceae and it is used to treat bronchitic asthma, ameoboidal dysentry and laryngeal spasm.Pedalium murex (yanai nerunjil) is a much-branched annual herb. This belongs to the family of Pedaliaceae and is used to treat gonohorrea, urinary track infections and spermatohorrea.The present study is to compare the antibacterial and antifungal activity of aqueous and organic solvent leaf extracts of Euphorbia hirta and Pedalium murexThe antimicrobial assay is done by disc diffusion method []against bacterial species (Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Aeromonas liquefaciens and lcaligenes spp.) and fungal species (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus erythrocephalus and Fusarium spp.).

scholarly journals Isolation of Probiotic Lactobacilli from Indigenous Yogurt and Cheese and Their Antagonistic Roles Against Foodborne Pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elnaz Ahmadnejad ◽  
Samaneh Dolatabadi
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Acid Tolerance ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Bacteriocin Production ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bile Salt Hydrolase ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Organic Acid Production ◽  
Microtiter Plate Assay

Background: Probiotic bacteria are one of the useful dietary supplements for human health. The main reason for selecting probiotics is the lack of prolonged side effects. Objectives: This study aimed to isolate lactobacilli from traditional yogurt and cheese samples collected in Neyshabur city, Khorasan Razavi, Iran, and to characterize them using specific biochemical and molecular assays. Methods: The probiotic potency of bacteria was tested by resistance to acid, bile, NaCl, and organic acid production. Moreover, the antagonistic effects of the isolates were investigated against enteric pathogenic bacteria using the well diffusion method. Bacteriocin production was also investigated using the microtiter plate assay. Results: Four Lactobacillus spp. with > 99% homology to L. reuteri, L. plantarum, and L. acidophilus, were isolated with probiotic potency. The quantitative measurements used in the study with the statistical analysis resulted in the interpretation of good effects against Clostridium perfringens, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes. Our isolates exhibited bile salt hydrolase activity, excellent NaCl and acid tolerance (pH = 3), and bacteriocin production. Conclusions: Our results showed that Lactobacillus strains isolated from Neyshabur traditional cheese could be considered good potential probiotic strains and had more antagonistic activity against human pathogens when compared to other samples. Their antibacterial activity was associated with both bacteriocin and organic acids production, but they should be further investigated for their human health benefits.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Liverworts of Dumortiera hirsute (Sw.) Nees Ethyl Acetate Extract Against Pathogenic Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Luthfiah Luthfiah ◽  
Dwi Setyati ◽  
Sattya Arimurti
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

Dumortiera hirsuta is one of the liverworts that can be used as a medicinal to prevent infection by pathogenic bacteria. The content of secondary metabolites of D. hirsuta has potential as antibacterial properties includes flavonoids, alkaloids and steroids. This research is to analyze the antibacterial activity of moss D. hirsuta against pathogenic bacteria that will be beneficial to humans. Liverworts of D. hirsuta were extracted using ethyl acetate solvent and tested against three types of pathogenic bacteria using the agar well-diffusion method. The results of this study indicated that the ethyl acetate extract of D. hirsuta at 100% concentration could inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhi bacteria. The range of antibacterial activity categories of the ethyl acetate extract of D. hirsuta to E. coli, S. aureus, and S. typhi between weak to moderate.

scholarly journals Studies on Antibacterial Activity and Brine Shrimp Toxicity of Leaf Extract of Cassia grandis

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Awal ◽  
Syed Ashrafuzzaman ◽  
E Ekramul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Microbial Diseases ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Bioassay Test

Antibacterial activity and toxicity of ethanol extract of Cassia grandis leaves to Brine Shrimp was evaluated. Five Gram-positive and 4 Gram-negative bacteria, namely Sarcina lutea, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus ß-haemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumoniae were tested using disc diffusion method. The extract was inactive at the concentration of 30 μg/disc but exhibited moderate to good activity at concentration of 200 μg/disc against the tested bacteria. In Brine Bhrimp lethality bioassay test, it was observed that LC50 value of the extract was 10.68 μg/ml. From these findings, it is indicative that C. grandis may be useful against microbial diseases. Key words: Antibacterial activity, Brine shrimp, Cassia grandis   doi: 10.3329/bjmm.v3i1.2966 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2009; 03 (01): 17-19

scholarly journals Skrining Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Terhadap Salmonella Typhi Resisten Kloramfenikol

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Ika Trisharyanti
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Tea Leaves ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Phaleria Macrocarpa

<em><span lang="EN-US">Typhoid fever is an infectious disease caused by Salmonella typhi, antibiotic chloramphenicol can be use to treatment, but S. typhi resistant with antibiotic choramphenicol so need to alternative treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of ten leaves against Salmonella typhi, and knowing the compounds contained in extracts of leaves that have the best antibacterial activity. The leaves was extracted with  ethanol 96% by maceration method. Screening antibacterial activity used disk diffusion method with 10% extract concentration. The best antibacterial activity was determined Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration used liquid dilution method, identification test of compounds with thin-layer chromatograpy (TLC), and bioautografi test. There were six extracts had antibacterial activity against S. Typhi, Phaleria macrocarpa leaves, Acalypha siamensis leaves, cherry leaves, clove leaves, tea leaves, and Eugenia polyantha leaves. Minimum Bactericidal Concentration from clove leaf extract was 2,5%. The results of identification by TLC compounds were alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, triterpenoids, and saponins. Based on bioautografi test,  phenolic can inhibit the growth of Salmonella typhi.</span></em>

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