scholarly journals Anthropometric Analysis of Human Knee Joint in Indian Population

Author(s):  
Ratnakar Ambade ◽  
Ankit Jaiswal

Background: It is well understood that distal femoral and proximal tibia scale is lower in case of the Asian than that of their western counterparts. Because of the Asian population's comparatively smaller structure and stature, many surgeons claim that imported implants may not be well fitted for Asian origin patients, mainly based on Western morphometry. It is very likely that an overweight section will be used in many Asian centres in most operations, resulting in low results of the procedure of the implant. For joint substitution of distal femur, careful positioning of fitted implants as well as balancing of underlying soft tissues is important. It is also important to use incredibly complex surgical procedures. To retain its usual functional motion spectrum, use of a suitable femoral part dimension is necessary. Furthermore, owing to a discrepancy between the size of the prosthesis and the bone, there could be a host of serious issues. Objectives: To calculate the anthropometric distal femur parameter and determine the distal femur variations on the right and left side of the morph metric measurement and to evaluate dimension of current TKA as related to Indian population. Methodology: This study included visiting the out patients Department of Orthopedics, at AVBRH in the age group 30-50 year during the period of June-2020 to April-2023 with sample size of 50 patients. Detailed history and clinical review will be taken, including age, sex, socio-economic background, type of employment. In all patients involved in the study in Orthopedic OPD, thorough radiological assessment of all the knee joints will be performed. The radiological test and various anthropometrics will include knee joint Simple X-ray and CT-Scan. Expected Results: We expect that from our results, anthropometric measurements of Indian population may differ from other literatures.

Author(s):  
Jaw-Lin Wang ◽  
Cheng-Hsien Chung ◽  
Chung-Kai Chiang

Degenerative osteoarthritis is recognized as the consequences of mechanical injuries. The abnormal impact force applied to articular cartilage would result in bone fracture or surface fissuring, and would cause the osteoarthritis [1,2]. The relation among the injury and impact energy was well studied. However, how the external energy attenuated to the internal joint is not carefully studied yet. The porcine knee joint was used as a biomechanical model for the simulation of human knee joint during impact loading. The objective of current study was to find the variation of kinetic characteristics between human and porcine knee joint during axial impact loading. Eight fresh-frozen knee joints from 10 month-old swine and seven cadaver human knee joints were used in the experiment. The mechanical responses such as forces and bending moment of knee joint, and the accelerations of femur was quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that the axial force response between human and porcine joints was similar, however, the anteroposterior shear, flexion bening moment and accelerations of these two joints were different.


1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Piziali ◽  
J. Rastegar ◽  
D. A. Nagel ◽  
D. J. Schurman

Human knee specimens were subjected to anterior-posterior, medial-lateral, varus-valgus, and torsional displacement tests. Loads were recorded for the intact joint and for the joint with all soft tissues cut except for the cruciate ligaments. The effect of condylar interference was determined for anterior-posterior, medial-lateral, and torsional displacements. The variation in load with flexion angle was considerable for medial-lateral (0–90-deg flexion) displacements, and less for varus-valgus (0–45-deg flexion) displacements. The cruciates were found to carry almost the entire anterior-posterior load; they carried a significant percentage of the medial-lateral load which varied considerably with flexion angle. A small, but not insignificant percentage of the varus-valgus load was carried by the cruciates and the variations with flexion angle were small. In torsion, the cruciates resisted only internal rotation. In the tested displacement ranges, condylar interference had a small effect on the medial-lateral load but did not affect anterior-posterior or torsional loads.


1970 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Edwards ◽  
J. F. Lafferty ◽  
K. O. Lange

The kinematics of the human knee joint and the strain of the ligaments as a function of flexion are determined analytically and experimentally. The experimental results were obtained in 13 tests of four knee joints in which the strain in each of the two collateral and two cruciate ligaments was measured with mercury strain gauges while the tibia was rotated through a flexion angle of 130 deg. The values of the relative ligament strain obtained from the analytical model are in good agreement with the experimental results.


2020 ◽  
pp. 1407-1418
Author(s):  
Enas Yahya Abdullah ◽  
Hala Khdhie

In this paper, the wear in layers of articular cartilage was calculated, parameters effective on elastic deformation were studied in normal and diseased knee joints,   and relations between elastic deformation and squeeze film characteristics under lubrication condition  were discussed with using a mathematical model. Conferring to the results obtained, elastic deformation effects on the performance of synovial human knee joint were analyzed from medical and dynamics perspectives. Relationships between elastic deformation and wear of layers were also discussed.


2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Walter ◽  
Alexander Beck ◽  
Christopher Jacob ◽  
Ulf Krister Hofmann ◽  
Ulrich Stöckle ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Lateral tibial split fractures (LTSF) usually require surgical therapy with screw or plate osteosynthesis. Excellent anatomical reduction of the fracture is thereby essential to avoid post-traumatic osteoarthritis. In clinical practice, a gap and step of 2 mm have been propagated as maximum tolerable limit. To date, biomechanical studies regarding tibial fractures have been limited to pressure measurement, but the relationship between dissipated energy (DE) as a friction parameter and reduction accuracy in LTSF has not been investigated. In past experiments, we developed a new method to measure DE in ovine knee joints. To determine weather non-anatomical fracture reduction with lateral gap or vertical step condition leads to relevant changes in DE in the human knee joint, we tested the applicability of the new method on human LTSFs and investigated whether the current limit of 2 mm gap and step is durable from a biomechanical point of view. Methods Seven right human, native knee joint specimens were cyclically moved under 400 N axial load using a robotic system. During the cyclic motion, the flexion angle and the respective torque were recorded and the DE was calculated. First, DE was measured after an anterolateral approach had been performed (condition “native”). Then a LTSF was set with a chisel, reduced anatomically, fixed with two set screws and DE was measured (“even”). DE of further reductions was then measured with gaps of 1 mm and 2 mm, and a 2 mm step down or a 2 mm step up was measured. Results We successfully established a measurement protocol for DE in human knee joints with LTSF. While gaps led to small though statistically significant increase (1 mm gap:ΔDE compared with native = 0.030 J/cycle, (+ 21%), p = 0.02; 2 mm gap:ΔDE = 0.032 J/cycle, (+ 22%), p = 0.009), this increase almost doubled when reducing in a step-down condition (ΔDE = 0.058 J/cycle, (+ 56%), p = 0.042) and even tripled in the step-up condition (ΔDE = 0.097 J/cycle, (+ 94%), p = 0.004). Conclusions Based on our biomechanical findings, we suggest avoiding step conditions in the daily work in the operating theatre. Gap conditions can be handled a bit more generously.


2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 1189-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Naghibi Beidokhti ◽  
Dennis Janssen ◽  
Sebastiaan van de Groes ◽  
Nico Verdonschot

Author(s):  
Yuhua Song ◽  
Richard E. Debski ◽  
Jorge Gil ◽  
Savio L.-Y. Woo

A 3-D finite element (FE) model of the knee is needed to more accurately analyze the kinematics of a knee joint as well as the function of various soft tissues such as ligaments. The data obtained can provide a better understanding of mechanisms of injury and offer valuable information for ligament reconstruction and rehabilitation protocols. The objective of this study was to develop a 3-D non-linear FE model of a human knee and determine its kinematics and the force and stress distributions within the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in response to anterior tibial loads at full extension. This model was validated by comparing the computed results to data obtained experimentally by a Robotic/UFS testing system [1].


Author(s):  
Yaghoub Dabiri ◽  
LePing Li

The mechanical response of the knee joint has been simulated using finite element methods with elastic material models [1–4]. Fluid pressurization in articular cartilage and menisci has not been considered in the anatomically accurate joint modeling until recently [5–7]. We have recently considered stress relaxation and creep behavior of human knees. The objective of the present study was to investigate the mechanics of the femoral cartilage under cyclical knee compression. We are particularly interested in the determination of loading versus unloading patterns for the fluid pressure and flow, as well as the influence of the loading frequency on the fluid pressurization.


Author(s):  
Jyoti Rohila ◽  
Suresh Kanta Rathee ◽  
Suresh Kumar Dhattarwal ◽  
Zile Singh Kundu

Background: Of the synovial joints in the body knee joint is the largest. Each meniscus is a piece of fibrocartilage with a thickened outside edge and a thin inner edge so that it is wedge-shaped in cross section. The purpose of the present study was to establish database on standard dimensions in knee menisci of adults of north Indian population.Methods: The sample for this study was collected from April, 2012 to June, 2013. For this study, 200 menisci (100 right and left each) of 50 adult humans were taken for analysis. Measurements were done with the help of non-elastic thread and digital vernier calipers. All dissections were performed in a systematic fashion.Results: The width of the lateral meniscus was significantly different form medial meniscus with lateral and medial menisci widest in middle and posterior third respectively. The middle one third of both lateral and middle menisci was the thickest.Conclusions: It is always good to have a set of anatomical morphometric parameters of the menisci like the width and thickness. The measurements of suitable grafts may provide a more acceptable meniscal replacement in the future.


2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 225-236
Author(s):  
XIONGQI PENG ◽  
GENG LIU ◽  
ZAOYANG GUO

Articular cartilage is a vital component of human knee joints by providing a low-friction and wear-resistant surface in knee joints and distributing stresses to tibia. The degeneration or damage of articular cartilage will incur acute pain on the human knee joints. Hence, to understand the mechanism of normal and pathological functions of articular cartilage, it is very important to investigate the contact mechanics of the human knee joints. Experimental research has difficulties in reproducing the physiological conditions of daily activities and measuring the key factors such as contact-stress distributions inside knee joint without violating the physiological environment. On the other hand, numerical approaches such as finite element (FE) analysis provide a powerful tool in the biomechanics study of the human knee joint. This article presents a two-dimensional (2D) FE model of the human knee joints that includes the femur, tibia, patella, quadriceps, patellar tendon, and cartilages. The model is analyzed with dynamic loadings to study stress distribution in the tibia and contact area during contact with or without articular cartilage. The results obtained in this article are very helpful to find the pathological mechanism of knee joint degeneration or damage, and thus guide the therapy of knee illness and artificial joint replacement.


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