scholarly journals Development of Smart Evacuation System for Fire Response in Apartments

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
Gwanghee Heo ◽  
Youngbeom Kim ◽  
Sanggu Seo ◽  
Seunggon Jeon ◽  
Jaehoon Lee ◽  
...  

A smart evacuation system is developed herein to reduce damage to lives and property by inducing rapid evacuation of the residents in the event of apartment fires. The smart evacuation system provides a safe evacuation environment and the best physical evacuation conditions by detecting the loads to be applied to evacuation facilities at all times. In addition, fire information is automatically disseminated to the residents and managers during a fire for initial evacuation, and the function for early fire extinguishing is enabled via report to the 119 situation room. The smart evacuation system comprises a safety ladder for evacuation, an ideal detection system to detect obstructions in the evacuation facilities, and a communication system to quickly inform authorities, residents, and managers of a fire. To verify effective performance of the safety ladder, real safety ladders were constructed and their structural performance and usability were verified. In addition, to ensure their permanent space in evacuation facilities, we verified that obstructions to evacuation were accurately detected as anomalies in real time using contactless sensors and communication modules. Finally, the fire information was sent to residents and managers in case of a fire to assist evacuation as well as reported to 119 for rapid suppression. Thus, we demonstrate that the smart evacuation system allows safe and effective evacuation with fast and accurate information in the event of a fire and is useful for initial response for fire suppression.

2014 ◽  
Vol 915-916 ◽  
pp. 356-361
Author(s):  
Zheng Wen Xie

FDS simulation software was used to establish the full size lampblack physics model of single wind pipe, using the orthogonal design method design of analog calculation conditions, research in the nozzle pressure, the droplet radius, nozzle, flow quantity and injection angle parameters under different conditions of water mist fire extinguishing effect. Based on a full-scale combustion and water mist fire extinguishing experiment, the water mist fire suppression was observed and test analysis etc, to better understand the flue water mist fire extinguishing feasibility, provides the theory basis for the design of efficient, reliable flue fire extinguishing system.


Author(s):  
T Goode

Machinery spaces in the majority of Royal Navy (RN) vessels use carbon dioxide (CO2) as the primary fire suppressant. While CO2 is very effective for firefighting, particularly in machinery space application, it is harmful to life in the concentrations required for effective fire suppression; exposure to concentrations greater than 15% can cause death within sixty seconds. The use of CO2 and similar fire suppressant systems in machinery spaces presents a risk due to the potential exposure of personnel. This may occur in a fire scenario where personnel are unable to escape the affected compartment, if there is a leak in the system, or due to accidental discharge. These risks are typically mitigated through physical means and procedural controls. However, in the hierarchy of safety controls the primary means should always be the elimination of the hazard. Babcock Energy and Marine undertook a study for the United Kingdom Ministry of Defence (MoD) into alternative methods of firefighting on Royal Navy minor warship machinery spaces with the safety of personnel considered a key requirement. The study identified five alternatives to CO2 available on the market. One particular aerosol fire suppression system was found to be superior to the others for application in small craft. This system is not toxic, non-ozone depleting and leaves almost no residue after application to the affected space, enabling re-entry (provided that the space has been ventilated to remove the products of combustion). The study concluded that traditional methods of fire suppression should be reconsidered across all small craft due to the health and safety issues associated with CO2 and the availability of improved alternatives. This paper considers the use of traditional firefighting systems on naval vessels in light of 21st century health and safety regulations. An assessment of current fire extinguishing agents is presented followed by a case study to determine the most appropriate solution for a minor warship concept with a particular aerosol system being justified as the preferred option. The paper also considers if the same conclusions would be reached for major warships or if the difference in scale results in an alternative solution.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 787
Author(s):  
Moechammad Sarosa ◽  
Nailul Muna

<p class="Abstrak">Bencana alam merupakan suatu peristiwa yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan dan menciptakan kekacuan. Bangunan yang runtuh dapat menyebabkan cidera dan kematian pada korban. Lokasi dan waktu kejadian bencana alam yang tidak dapat diprediksi oleh manusia berpotensi memakan korban yang tidak sedikit. Oleh karena itu, untuk mengurangi korban yang banyak, setelah kejadian bencana alam, pertama yang harus dilakukan yaitu menemukan dan menyelamatkan korban yang terjebak. Penanganan evakuasi yang cepat harus dilakukan tim SAR untuk membantu korban. Namun pada kenyataannya, tim SAR mengalami kendala selama proses evakuasi korban. Mulai dari sulitnya medan yang dijangkau hingga terbatasnya peralatan yang dibutuhkan. Pada penelitian ini sistem diimplementasikan untuk deteksi korban bencana alam yang bertujuan untuk membantu mengembangkan peralatan tim SAR untuk menemukan korban bencana alam yang berbasis pengolahan citra. Algoritma yang digunakan untuk mendeteksi ada atau tidaknya korban pada gambar adalah <em>You Only Look Once</em> (YOLO). Terdapat dua macam algoritma YOLO yang diimplementasikan pada sistem yaitu YOLOv3 dan YOLOv3 Tiny. Dari hasil pengujian yang telah dilakukan didapatkan <em>F1 Score</em> mencapai 95.3% saat menggunakan YOLOv3 dengan menggunakan 100 data latih dan 100 data uji.</p><p class="Abstrak"> </p><p class="Abstrak"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p class="Abstrak"> </p><p class="Abstract"><em>Natural disasters are events that can cause damage and create havoc. Buildings that collapse and can cause injury and death to victims. Humans can not predict the location and timing of natural disasters. After the natural disaster, the first thing to do is find and save trapped victims. The handling of rapid evacuation must be done by the SAR team to help victims to reduce the amount of loss due to natural disasters. But in reality, the process of evacuating victims of natural disasters is still a lot of obstacles experienced by the SAR team. It was starting from the difficulty of the terrain that is reached to the limited equipment needed. In this study, a natural disaster victim detection system was designed using image processing that aims to help find victims in difficult or vulnerable locations when directly reached by humans. In this study, a detection system for victims of natural disasters was implemented which aims to help develop equipment for the SAR team to find victims of natural disasters based on image processing. The algorithm used is You Only Look Once (YOLO). In this study, two types of YOLO algorithms were compared, namely YOLOv3 and YOLOv3 Tiny. From the test results that have been obtained, the F1 Score reaches 95.3% when using YOLOv3 with 100 training data and 100 test data.</em></p>


2013 ◽  
Vol 790 ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
Chen Jian ◽  
Xu Yan Ying ◽  
Wang Na

This paper presents an experimental study of fire suppression effectiveness with water mist containing FeCl2 additives.The investigation focuses on suppression effectiveness under various FeCl2 additives concentrations,working pressures and nozzle different height above the fire source . The experimental results show that: there is a significant impact on fire suppression effectiveness when adding FeCl2 to water mist. There is an optimum additive concentration of extinguishing fire, corresponding to the shortest extinguishing time, the least amount of water, the highest efficiency of extinguishing fire. The nozzle working pressures and nozzle position have effect on the performance of the water mist extinguishing: the greater the pressure is, the shorter water mist fire extinguishing time is. Under the same experimental conditions, the closer the water mist nozzles are to the oil pan, the shorter extinguishing time is.


1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 532
Author(s):  
K.R. Black

On 10 November 1997 the BHP Petroleum-operated Floating Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) crude oil facility the Griffin Venture suffered an unprecedented mechanical failure of a gas turbine engine. The power turbine casing was breached resulting in an explosion and fire within the engine room space. The incident was safely controlled without personnel injury in what was a world class emergency response effort.The engine failure was caused by an unusual form of crack propagation known as stress assisted grain boundary oxidation (SAGBO) of the engine's high pressure power turbine disc. The incident also identified a number of safety system improvements, many of which could be applicable to other facilities. These included smoke impairment of the accommodation (designated temporary safe refuge) because of leaking fire doors, failure to release the engine package fire extinguishing system and failure of the fire detection system due to short circuit intolerance nine minutes after the incident commenced.The facility was repaired in Singapore by Sembawang Shipyard where new engine cores were fitted and many of the safety systems were upgraded. Production resumed in March 1998 since when the Griffin Venture has produced above target oil volumes and record gas volumes.


Author(s):  
Ammar Wisam Altaher ◽  
Abdullah Hasan Hussein

<p>Monitoring the general public gathered in large numbers is one of the most challenging tasks faced by the law and order enforcement team. There is swiftly demand to that have inbuilt sensors which can detect the concealed weapon, from a standoff distance the system can locate the weapon with very high accuracy. Objects that are obscure and invisible from human vision can be seen vividly from enhanced artificial vision systems. Image Fusion is a computer vision technique that fuses images from multiple sensors to give accurate information. Image fusion using visual and infrared images has been employed for a safe, non-invasive standoff threat detection system. The fused imagery is further processed for specific identification of weapons. The unique approach to discover concealed weapon based on DWT in conjunction with Meta heuristic algorithm Harmony Search Algorithm and SVM classification is presented. It firstly uses the traditional discrete wavelet transform along with the hybrid Hoteling transform to obtain a fused imagery. Then a heuristic search algorithm is applied to search the best optimal harmony to generate the new principal components of the registered input images which is later classified using the K means support vector machines to build better classifiers for concealed weapon detection. Experimental results demonstrate the hybrid approach which shows the superior performance.</p>


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-272
Author(s):  
Daehyun Choi ◽  
Jaemoon Lee ◽  
Sehong Min

In this study, the dangers surrounding vehicular fires were identified by means of statistical analysis of the national fire information system. The analysis was conducted on the operation time of the sprinkler fire extinguisher, which plays the most essential role during the initial fire extinguishing attempt, in case of a fire outbreak. A simulation was created using the application guidelines pertaining to a sprinkler head located close to a beam as provided in NFSC 103. The operation time of the sprinkler head was analyzed for the case of a parking lot fire where a fan was operated. Fire Dynamics Simulator was used as the simulation program. If the revised guidelines were applied to thesimulation, the sprinkler head located directly above the fire source was activated approximately 1 minin advance compared to the sprinkler head operating under current standards. Therefore, it was found that the revised guidelines were suitable and aided in early fire extinguishing attempts. In the case where a fan was operated along with the detector, during the outbreak of a fire, it was found that the operation of the sprinkler head located directly above the fire was delayed by two or more minutes compared to the simulated case where no fan was operated.


Author(s):  
С.В. Гааг

Применение грунта для противодействия лесным пожарам метанием фрезерными агрегатами перспективно, так как в лесах на сухих почвах, на равнине около кромки огня его имеется в большом объеме. Перспектива его применения требует автоматизации и совершенствования технологии грунтометов. Целью настоящей статьи является исследование модели перемещения грунтомета при тушении лесных пожаров, так как в основе модернизации его технологии лежит оценка динамических факторов. Методика исследования базируется на оценке влияния макросреды на работу грунтомета при тушении лесных пожаров, моделировании этого процесса на основе уравнений баланса сил и их моментов, а также численном расчете модели. Ключевым преимуществом грунтомета является параллельное выполнение спектра функций при активном тушении огня: торможение (ингибирование и засыпка огня грунтом), локализация (за счет борозды глубиной 15–30 см, с выемкой грунта) и дотушивание пожара (посредством полосы вдоль периметра пожара). Следует учесть, что случайный характер неоднородности почвы приведет к неустановившемуся режиму нагружения привода, появятся колебания частоты вращения и стохастические угловые ускорения. Фрезерование грунта при тушении пожара в отличие от землеройных машин требует высоких скоростей резания (vp > 20 м/с) и приоритет динамических факторов. Помимо этого, конструкция грунтомета обеспечивает малые значения коэффициента трения ножа фрезерной лопатки о грунт, так как происходит поперечное фрезерование почвы. Данные факторы определяют необходимость исследования модели перемещения грунтомета при значительных скоростях фрезы и регулирование вектора метания грунта на кромку огня. Результаты численного анализа модели перемещения грунтомета для создания полос при тушении пожаров на основе сил подачи и момента, действующих на фрезу в зависимости от режимов работы, сопротивления грунта резанию, кинематических параметров, свидетельствуют о спектре режимов работы грунтомета и формирования стружки почвогрунта, что позволяет оптимизировать режим работы и конструкцию грунтомета. The use of soil to counteract forest fires by throwing the milling units promising, as in the forests on dry soils, on the plains near the edge of the fire it is available in large volume. The purpose of this article is to study the patterns of movement of grundomat at suppression of forest fires due to the fact that the modernization of its technology is the assessment of dynamic factors. Research methodology is based on the evaluation of the influence of macro environment on the work of grundomat when fighting forest fires, the modeling of this process on the basis of balance equations of forces and moments, and a numerical model calculation. A key advantage of grundomat is a parallel implementation of the whole range of functions with the active fire suppression: inhibition (inhibition and backfilling of fire ground), localization (through the furrow to a depth of 15–30 cm, excavation) and drying fire (by means of a band around the perimeter of the fire). Note that the random nature of the heterogeneity of the soil will lead to transient loading conditions of the drive, there will be speed variations, and stochastic angular acceleration. Cutting during fire fighting, in contrast to earth-moving machinery requires high cutting speeds (vp > 20 m/s) and dynamic priority factors. In addition, the design provides grantomet small values of the coefficient of friction of the milling knife blades on the ground, as the transverse milling of the soil. These factors determine the need for the development of milling technology, with a significant speeds and a regulating vector of throwing soil on the edge of the fire. The results of numerical analysis of the model move grantomet to create lanes for fire extinguishing on the basis of forces of supply and moment acting on the mill depending on modes of ground resistance to cutting, kinematic parameters indicate a range of modes of grantomet and chip formation of soil, which allows to optimize the operation and design of grundomat.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1025 ◽  
pp. 259-264
Author(s):  
Jum’azulhisham bin Abdul Shukor ◽  
Rahim Jamian ◽  
Azmi Hassan ◽  
Muhammad Al Hapis Abdul Razak

The historical development of fire suppression technology evolved in the 1930s since the application of Halons as a fire extinguishing agent. The fire may cause tremendous losses to organizations. It affects the chain of businesses and the stability of the economic growth of a country. The key issues of greenhouse effects and safety and health as well contributes to the sudden change of the technology of fire extinguishing systems. The establishment of the Montreal Protocol and Kyoto Protocols controls the producers to develop, supply and use of environmentally hazardous gasses worldwide. Hence, promote global sustainable for upcoming generations. This paper is highlighting the reasons gas type fire extinguishing agents extensively used substituting conventional methods against fire. The fundamental equations of Ozone Depleting Potential and Global Warming Potential were properly discussed to show how severe these gasses exposed to the environment. The effectiveness of these gases as a clean agent in extinguishing the fire may convince prospect users to carry out the decision of changes. Potential extinguishing agents will be deliberated to investigate their needs as new fire suppression agents. It will be then to be suggested and recommended for further studies.


2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 84-90
Author(s):  
E. A. Ovsyannikov ◽  
D. A. Korolchenko ◽  
V. L. Semikov

Introduction. According to the statistical data, electrical fires account for the majority of all fire accidents. Hence, better fireproofing of fuel and energy facilities is a relevant issue. The article addresses electrical fire extinguishment using high-expansion foam. An extinguishment time analysis methodology, applicable to fire extinguishment using high-expansion foam, has been developed to validate these solutions. The purpose of this article is to calculate the dependence between the fire extinguishment time and the foam consumption rate. The research objectives are to 1) identify the principal values to be used in the calculations and the list of input data; 2) to identify the dependence between the extinguishment time and the foam consumption rate using packaged transformer substation 2BKTP (1,000 kVA) as an example. Calculation methodology. The calculation methodology is based on the material balance equation between the amount of foam, applied for firefighting purposes, and the amount of foam, destroyed as a result of its contact with the heated wire surface, which is the main fire load inside burning electrical facilities. Research results. The co-authors have calculated the fire suppression time using packaged transformer substation 2BKTP (1,000 kVA) as an example. Dependencies between fire extinguishment time, specific foam consumption rate, and foam application rate are identified. Conclusions. The co-authors have identified the main values, needed to simulate a fire extinguishing model. They have also shown optimal foam consumption and application rates and offered their assessment of the applicability of high-expansion foam to electrical fires.


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