An Islamic Form of Logotherapy in the Treatment of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Symptoms in University Students in Iran

Previous research demonstrated that spiritually sensitive psychotherapy is an effective treatment for clients with depression or anxiety, with outcomes equivalent to secular control interventions. The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of spiritually sensitive logotherapy intervention in the treatment of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in university students in Iran. Sixty students with elevated depression symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory II, BDI-II, 22 or greater) were randomly assigned to either a twelve-session group logotherapy programme or a control group. Results showed that spiritually sensitive logotherapy significantly reduced depression, anxiety, and stress, and significantly more so than in the control group (e.g. interaction effect for BDI-II: F = 56.8, p < 0.001, with a large effect size).

Instrumentos utilizados na avaliação psicológica no tratamento da obesidade: revisão integrativa

Os instrumentos utilizados na avaliação psicológica no tratamento clínico ou cirúrgico da obesidade tem grande relevância no resultado e processo da avaliação. Identificar personalidade, ansiedade, depressão e compulsão alimentar é fundamental, pois são fatores que podem afetar diretamente na manutenção do peso e adesão ao tratamento. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a literatura científica sobre instrumentos utilizados na avaliação psicológica da pessoa obesa. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada nas bases de dados: BVS, Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), da National Library, com os seguintes descritores controlados: "psychometrics”, "psychological test", “Psychological Assessment”, "psychologist", "obesity", "overweight" e o descritor não controlado "psychological assessment” e os operadores booleanos “OR” e “AND”. Ao final das buscas, 14 publicações atenderam aos critérios de análise e foram selecionadas para o estudo. Diante dos estudos selecionados, encontramos 52 ferramentas utilizadas na avaliação, dentre eles, os mais utilizados nos programas de perda de peso foram respectivamente o Beck Depression Inventory – BDI (Inventário de Depressão de Beck); o Binge Eating Scale - BES (Escala de Compulsão Alimentar Periódica - TCAP); e a Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão – HADS. Essa pesquisa nos dá evidências importantes para elaboração instrumentos específicos do tratamento da obesidade no Brasil.

Peran Gejala Depresi sebagai Faktor Prediktor Kematian dalam Enam Bulan pada Lansia yang Menjalani Hemodialisis

Pendahuluan. Depresi merupakan gangguan mental yang banyak ditemukan baik pada kelompok lansia maupun pada pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis. Depresi berdampak buruk terhadap kualitas hidup pasien. Penelitian yang menghubungkan depresi sebagai faktor prediktor kematian dalam enam bulan pada lansia yang menjalani hemodialisis belum pernah dilakukan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran gejala depresi sebagai faktor prediktor kematian dalam 6 bulan pada lansia yang menjalani hemodialisis.Metode. Penelitian dengan desain kohort prospektif dilakukan pada Februari – Agustus 2020 di Unit Hemodialisis Rumah Sakit Roemani Muhammadiyah Semarang. Adapun kriteria inklusi meliputi lansia (usia ≥60 tahun), menjalani hemodialisis ≥3 bulan, frekuensi hemodialisis 2 kali seminggu, bersedia mengikuti penelitian, dapat berkomunikasi dengan baik, dan tidak terdapat riwayat gangguan mental sebelumnya yang meliputi riwayat gangguan psikotik, dan gangguan mental akibat penggunaan zat. Sedangkan pasien dengan data tidak lengkap, pindah ke unit hemodialisis lain, HBsAg +, kadar Hemoglobin <7 mg/dl, skor RAPUH >2, dan memiliki stressor lain yang tidak terkait dengan hemodialisis atau Penyakit Ginjal Kronis (PGK) seperti faktor sosial, keluarga, dan pekerjaan dieksklusi dari penelitian ini. Depresi dinilai menggunakan kuesioner Beck Depression Inventory-II yang telah diterjemahkan ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia. Adapun pengisian kuesioner dilakukan oleh responden dengan panduan oleh peneliti dalam proses pengisiannya. Data yang terkumpul kemudian dianalisis menggunakan Kaplan Meier dan Cox Regression menggunakan SPSS 18.0.Hasil. Dari total 32 responden, mayoritas adalah laki-laki yaitu sebanyak 26 responden (81,3%). Rerata usia responden adalah 67,2 (simpang baku [SB] 7) tahun. Sebanyak 6 (18,7%) responden mengalami depresi dan 26 (81,3%) responden tidak mengalami depresi. Hasil analisis Cox Regression menunjukkan bahwa depresi berperan sebagai faktor prediktor kematian dalam 6 bulan pada lansia yang menjalani hemodialisis (p=0.012), dan hazard ratio=10,149.Simpulan. Depresi berperan sebagai faktor prediktor kematian dalam 6 bulan pada lansia yang menjalani hemodialisis.Kata Kunci: Depresi, geriatri, mortalitas, penyakit ginjal kronik, penyakit ginjal tahap akhirDepressive symptoms as a Predictor Factor of All-Cause Mortality within Six Months in Elderly Hemodialysis PatientsIntroduction. Depression is a mental disorder that is often found in the elderly and hemodialysis patients, resulting in bad effects on patients. There is no study on the relationship between depression and all-cause mortality risk in elderly hemodialysis patients in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the role of depression as a predictor factor of all-cause mortality within 6 months in elderly hemodialysis patients. Methods. A prospective cohort study was conducted from February to August 2020 at the hemodialysis unit of Roemani Muhammadiyah Hospital, Semarang. The inclusion criteria were elderly patients (aged ≥60 years), undergoing hemodialysis ≥3 months, hemodialysis frequency twice a week, willing to participate in this study, able to communicate well, and has no history of mental disorders include a history of psychotic disorders and mental disorders due to substance use. Meanwhile, patients whose data were incomplete, transferred to another hemodialysis unit, HBsAg +, hemoglobin level <7 mg/dl. FRAILTY score >2, and had other stressors not related to hemodialysis or chronic kidney disease (CKD) such as social, family, and work factors were excluded from this study. Depression was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-II questionnaire. The collected data was then analyzed using Kaplan Meier and Cox Regression.Results. Of 32 respondents, most of them were male (81.3%). The mean age was 67.2 (SD 7) years. There were 6 (18.7%) respondents categorized into a depression group and 26 (81.3%) respondents into a non-depression group. Cox Regression analysis showed that depression was a predicting factor of all-cause mortality within six months in elderly hemodialysis patients (p value=0.012, and Hazard ratio=10.149). Conclusion. Depression is a predictor factor of all-cause mortality within six months in elderly hemodialysis patients.

Neuroticism and Introversion: The Personality Predispositions to develop Depression

The previous research studies claimed that there is a relationship between personality predispositions and affective disorders like depression. Personality traits like neuroticism and introversion are considered as a vulnerable factors for the development of depression. Therefore, the aim of this research study was to investigate that whether personality traits like introversion and neuroticisms are linked to depression. The researcher recruited a sample size of 200 university students who were studying in Islamia University Bahawalpur, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, and Women University Bahawalpur. Beck depression inventory (BDI), Introversion scale and Neuroticism dimension included in an inventory which was used to measure depression, introversion and neuroticism respectively. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, regression analysis and an independent sample t-tests. The results revealed that there was a positive significant relationship between neuroticism, introversion personality traits and depression. The introversion and neuroticism personality traits significantly predicted depression.

Diagnostic Test Accuracy of the Beck Depression Inventory for Detecting Major Depression in Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Major depressive disorder in adolescents is closely linked to poor social, cognitive, and academic outcomes, including suicidality. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), a screening tool, is one of the most widely used instruments for detecting depression; however, its diagnostic test accuracy has not yet been thoroughly examined. This study, therefore, aimed to systematically review and perform a meta-analysis to evaluate the accuracy of the BDI for detecting depression in adolescents. In August 2020, a search was conducted in the EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PsycArticles databases, and following a review against predefined eligibility criteria, 22 studies were finally included. The quality of the included articles was evaluated, and a hierarchical regression model was used to calculate the pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity; 73.0% (95% CI; 62.0%, 81.8%) and 80.3% (72.8%, 86.1%) in cutoff 16, respectively. The findings indicated the BDI is a reliable and useful tool to screen adolescents’ depression.

Tahap Kemurungan dalam kalangan Jururawat di Fasiliti Kesihatan Kuala Lumpur

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tahap kemurungan dan juga perbezaan antara tahap kemurungan mengikut ciri-ciri demografi jururawat di Kuala Lumpur. Kajian rentas ini telah dijalankan ke atas 145 orang jururawat bermula daripada bulan Julai 2015 sehingga Januari 2016. Soalan Beck Depression Inventory 11 (BDI 11) telah digunakan bertujuan untuk mengukur simptom dan tahap kemurungan yang dialami oleh responden. Data kemudiannya dianalisis dengan menggunakan perisian SPSS versi 21. Bagi menguji tahap perbezaan antara komponen kemurungan dengan maklumat demografi, Ujian T Tidak Bersandar dan Ujian Anova Sehala telah dijalankan. Dapatan menunjukkan 88 orang jururawat berada pada tahap kemurungan minimum, 26 orang pada tahap biasa, 27 orang pula pada tahap sederhana dan 4 orang mengalami kemurungan yang teruk. Bagi menguji perbezaan tahap kemurungan untuk maklumat demografi, didapati hanya faktor umur sahaja yang mempunyai perbezaan signifikan (p < .05) namun bagi maklumat demografi lain seperti jantina, tahap perkahwinan, pendapatan, tempoh bertugas semasa dan juga tempoh perkhidmatan menunjukkan tiada perbezaan signifikan (p > .05). Dapatan kajian ini boleh membantu dalam menyediakan modul dan program intervensi bagi memastikan jururawat yang sentiasa terdedah dan berisiko terhadap masalah mental ini mempunyai pengetahuan dan kemahiran yang tinggi dalam mengawal tekanan emosi semasa menjalankan tugas.

Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-IA) adapted for HIV: Psychometric properties, sensitivity & specificity in depressive episodes, adjustment disorder & without symptomatology

Introduction. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-IA) is the most widely used instrument for assessing depression symptoms. Although it has been validated in the Mexican population, it has not been tested in people living with HIV (PLWH), who tend to have symptoms difficult to distinguish from those associated with viral infection. Objective. We obtained the psychometric properties, sensitivity, specificity, and cut-off points to distinguish between a depressive episode, adjustment disorder and no symptoms. Method. Prospective study with 2,022 PLWH (88% men), who completed the BDI-IA between 2016 and 2017. Subjects had a mean age of 31.9 ± 9.3 years, with 12.0 ± 5.6 years of schooling, and 4.5 ± 4.3 years since diagnosis. The differentiation of items, internal consistency, factor analysis, and calculation of sensitivity and specificity were tested. Results. A Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of .91 was obtained. Through factorial analysis with orthogonal rotation (average intercorrelations r = .40, KMO .929), we obtained three factors: general factor of depression, somatic, and cognition, which explained 39.7%, 6.01%, and 5.49% of the variance, respectively. Only the items in the first factor (the short version with 12 items) were tested. With a cut-off point of 11, it had 85.5% sensitivity and 76% specificity [(AUC) = .865, 95% CI [.83, .90], p ≤ .001], and distinguished major depressive disorder from cases without mental symptoms. Discussion and conclusion. We show that the short version of the BDI-IA is reliable, valid, sensitive, and specific for evaluating depression symptoms comorbid with HIV infection.

Association of Diabetes Complications With Depression and Suicidality in Hospitalized Patients: a Multicenter Cross-sectional Study

Background: Diabetes mellitus and depression are both considered the most prevalent diseases of the recent century. On the other hand, it is estimated that the rate of depression is nearly doubled in diabetic patients compared with the general population.Method: A total of 89 patients, who were admitted to the hospital because of the complications of the disease, were voluntarily and conveniently participated in the study. The participants were given the questionnaires of Beck Depression Inventory-2nd-edition and Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation. They were divided into two age groups: 18-50 years old and 50-75 years old. Control group, consisting of 89 individuals without any underlying disease, were randomly selected from the patients’ visitors, matched with the participants according to the age group and gender. Statistical analysis was performed between the two groups based on scores obtained. Results: Beck Depression Inventory Scale score was significantly higher, regardless of age, in the patient group compared to the control group. However, there was no significant difference between the scores of Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation between the patient group and the control group. In the patient group, it was found that among the variables, female gender, and diabetic foot were associated with higher severity of depression symptoms. Conclusion: It is vitally essential for diabetic patients to undergo periodic psychiatric evaluation. Early diagnosis of depression could help them to better cope with their mental health issue, and as a result, it will decrease risk of suicidal ideation and other consequences.