Optimization of Bacterial Concentrate Media for Lactobacillus Sakei

Two strains of lactic acid bacteria were selected for the study (Lactobacillus sakei Lsk-45andLactobacillus sakeiDSM 20017). Bacterial media, based on rice and rice flour, were tested as an alternative to media based on whey. A comparison of the different types of media showed that there was better growth of the selected strains on themedium based on rice flour.Statistical analyses, including factorial experiments and response surface analyses, were used to optimizethe composition of the bacterial medium for Lactobacillus sakei propagation. Bacteriological peptone and rice flour were found to be good growth factors for Lactobacillus sakei.For Lactobacillus sakei Lsk-45,better growth was obtained with the use of 7.75-10 g/L of peptone and 57.5-75 g/L of rice flour. For Lactobacillus sakei DSM 20017, better growth was obtained with the use of 7-10 g/L of peptone and 40-75 g/L of rice flour. Keywords: starters, media, Lactobacillus sakei, fermentation,fish products, bacterial strains, lactic acid bacteria

Utilization of spent millet from locally fermented drink (Burukutu) as experimental diets for Clarias gariepinus

Brewer’s waste is one of the promising carbohydrate and protein source by-products for fish diets. A 10-wk feeding trial experiment involving 10 different diets (10 diets for Spent millet, from locally fermented drink (Burukutu) with increasing levels of brewer’s waste (40% crude protein) was carried out to evaluate the use of spent millet, from Burukutu production in Clarias gariepinus diets in place of normal Corn. Growth performance was compared against a control diet formulated to have similar composition to a typical commercial diet. 10 experimental diets replaced successively 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% of the Corn carbohydrate with Spent millet from locally fermented drink, Burukutu.. The diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. A relatively good growth performance and nutrient utilization by Clarias gariepinus fed the test diets were observed. However, the results showed significant difference (p<0.05) in weight gain, SGR, FCR and RGR between treatments, with the control performing best. The result also showed that survival rate was high in all the treatment which indicate that, spent millet from burukutu production has no adverse effect on the experimented fish. Based on this research, it wasconcluded that 50% of the corn carbohydrate in a typicalcommercial diet could be replaced with spent grain (millet) from locally fermented drink (BKT) withno adverse effect on growth and feed utilization for Clarias gariepinus.

THE ROLE OF THE FAMILY IN PROTECTING CHILDREN DURING THE PANDEMIC

This article is the result of community service on child protection during the pandemic. Children are the holders of the future of the country in the future life. Shared responsibility of the community and the state, including the government. The pandemic situation has hampered several activities in the aspects of education, economy, social, including law. The purpose of this community service in the context of responsibility and guarantee for the growth and development of children is a concern, during a pandemic children will continue to do their best in protecting basic rights to ensure good growth and development in the future. Methods of community service use participatory approach. The results of this community service are the effort to protect children during the Covid-19 pandemic is a regulation during this pandemic, the government issued Presidential Decree No. 12 of 2020 concerning the Determination of Non-Natural Disasters Spreading Covid-19 as a National Disaster. This was followed by the ratification of Government Regulation Number 21 of 2020 concerning Large-Scale Social Restrictions in the Context of Accelerating Handling of Corona Virus Disease 2019.

Isolation and characterization of nitrogen-fixing bacteria from soil sample in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Biological nitrogen (N2) fixation is very essential for limiting the growth of plants and agricultural crops. The present study was conducted to potentially isolate N2-fixing bacteria from garden soil sample at Stamford University Bangladesh, Siddeswari, Dhaka. Here, we used culture-dependent method to perform this experiment. Firstly, we collected garden soil sample, diluted and inoculated in N2-free Jensen’s media by maintaining the aseptic procedure. We obtained 5 different colonies from soil samples. We cultured the isolates in N2-free Jensen’s media containing bromothymol blue (BMB) and also, in Yeast Extract Mannitol Agar (YEMA) media containing congo red to confirm nitrogen fixation capacity. We collected the colony characteristics of all the isolates. Only 1A isolate showed good growth after 24 h of incubation among all the isolates. We performed ammonification test with Nessler reagent to confirm N2-fixing ability for our selected isolates. The 1A isolate was positive in ammonification test. Culture, microscopy and biochemical tests were performed to identify isolate 1A. This isolate was presumptively identified as Azotobacter sp. In the present study, Azotobacter sp. that was isolated from the soil sample was found to be a potential N2-fixing bacterium. Isolate 1A can be used for N2-fixation to boost production of crops. Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.11 (1) 2021: 11-13

Application of Sheep Urine Fermentation and Biochar Coconut for Growth Vegetables Plant

The Covid-19 pandemic to date has had an impact on all sectors of life in society, which is the provision of food sources by society. Various efforts have been made to the fulfillment of food needs in the community can fulfill as they should so that food security can be realized during this pandemic. This research was conducted so that the community can fulfill their needs, especially food needs by utilizing waste, especially solid, and liquid waste and increasing the productivity of food crops to increase the fulfillment of community needs. This research was conducted applied soil ameliorant coconut biochar at coastal soil Samas beach. After that application sheep urine fermentation for add nutrient in the soil. The stages of carrying out this research include: taking soil samples, preparing materials for making biochar and urine fermented for fertilizer, nursery pakcoy, preparing planting media, soil ameliorant coconut shell biochar, transferring pakcoy seeds, maintaining and administering urine fertilizer treatment to planting media, and plant vegetative observations. The result application was added material both biochar and sheep urine fermented. It was mixed media can repaired root area in the soil and increase avaibility of nutrient for supporting growth of stem height, account of leaves, length, width, and color of the leaf with the application of coconut shell biochar dosage 15 tons per hectare mixed treatment sheep urine 100 ml per liter of water was best treatnment. It can good growth pakcoy plants. and Its benefit from a relatively short period, and It can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers that It can cause environmental degradation

Further Reflecting on the Six-Year Primary Project of the Institute of Education, University of Ife: The Key Players

African linguistic complexity is often defined in terms of its multilingualism and a complicated colonial sociolinguistic heritage. Tis colonial heritage is seen in the prevalence of European languages, especially English and French, in the lingual Franca of sub-Saharan states. A corollary to the latter assertion is that education in Africa, south of the Sahara, is primarily Eurocentric and quite unAfrican in context. More often than not, it is disempowering rather than empowering if we go by Paulo Freire’s notion of education as being central to empowerment and poor education as the primary agent and metaphoric vehicle for modern day disempowerment, a knowledge base that does not liberate the mind or embrace the cognitive progression of the learner.1 After all, the original goal of colonial education was to train the “natives” in European languages so as to be able to communicate with and, ipso facto, serve their colonial “masters,” and help him to rule the same “natives.” The proverbial “Food for the slave” is relevant here; and as the saying goes, “it is not given to provide the slave nourishment or enhance good growth, but to provide just enough energy to keep on serving the malevolent master.” Such is the unfortunate paradigm that captures the essence of colonial education in which the lingua franca of the indigenous learner is not only backgrounded but altogether demonized in some cases. Otherwise, how else could the common warning in the typical colonial classroom “Vernacular speaking is prohibited”? The so-called “vernacular” in question is the Yoruba language!

Intercropping Short Rotation Timber Species with Teak: Enabling Smallholder Silviculture Practices

Community forest management for timber production requires short- and long-rotation companion species to fulfill the demands of the timber industry, improve farmer welfare and maintain environmental sustainability. Four species (Falcataria moluccana, Neolamarckia cadamba, Acacia mangium and Gmelina arborea) were tested as short-rotation timber crop companion species for teak (Tectona grandis) on dry-rocky soil in the Gunungkidul community forest. The selection of short-rotation timber species was based on growth performance and survival rate at the teak site. Two years after planting, the viability of G. arborea (87.3%) and A. mangium (78.2%) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that of N. cadamba (40.6%) and F. moluccana (18.0%). G. arborea and N. cadamba achieved the best growth in terms of height, diameter, basal area, and volume, with the growth of A. mangium and F. moluccana being significantly inferior. Gmelina arborea has the ability to adapt to teak sites, grow well, and accompany teak. Neolamarckia cadamba demonstrated good growth with potential as a teak companion, and it demonstrated limited drought tolerance on the dry-rocky soils of the study sites. Acacia mangium had a high survival but produced slow growth, indicating that it required an advance evaluation in future years. Falcataria moluccana has different growing site requirements to teak so the performance was relatively poor at the study site. This mixed pattern provides benefits to farmers through commercial thinning of short rotations species, 5–8 years post establishment. Thinning operations will also increase the productivity of residual teak stands. The diversification of timber species in community forests can provide earlier returns, enabling the adoption of silviculture management by smallholders and communities.

Physico-chemical Quality of Soils under Cocoa Farm in Koffikro-Affema (Aboisso) in South-East of Côte d'Ivoire

The study was conducted in Koffikro-Affema village located in the South-East of Côte d'Ivoire to assess the morpho-physical and chemical quality of soils under cocoa farm, for the management of early degradation of orchards. Representative soil samples were taken by horizon under degraded cocoa farms after a morpho-pedological characterisation. These samples were then analysed in the laboratory for fertility parameters. The results indicate that the cocoa farms have a high rate of degradation and the study made it possible to identify the soil characteristics associated not only with the degradation of cocoa trees, but also with the drop in yield. These are the rate of coarse grains greater than 50%, the low organic matter content (less than 3.5%), a very slow rate of mineralisation (C/N > 12), poor internal drainage and the acidic pH of the soil (4.4-5.5). The soils surveyed are highly desaturated to moderately saturated and the main characteristics of the absorbing complex indicate that they are unfavourable for cocoa. Indeed, these soils are deficient in K+ (<0.2 cmol/kg), Ca2+ (between 5.1 and 11.41 cmol/Kg) and assimilable Nitrogen (˂0.2 cmol/Kg). Similarly, the Mg2+/K+ ratio of less than 3 shows that they are magnesium deficient. The results also revealed an influence of the topographical position on the degradation of cocoa trees with, on the upper and middle slopes, strongly gravelly and poorly drained horizons, associated with the degradation of cocoa trees. On the other hand, on the lower slopes, these soils are deep, not gravelly, with good growth of cocoa trees and low yields.

Bioremediation of Cutting Pits by Autochtonous Bacteria-Fungi Consortia

The aim of this work is to verify the potential of a consortium of autochthonous bacteria and fungi, isolated from samples of contaminated soils and water collected in a site containing cutting pits muds, in order to evaluate enhancing in biodegradation of hydrocarbons content. This innovative technique would take advantage of the synergistic effect of bacteria and fungi. In addition, this technique would allow to avoid the introduction of commercial allochthonous microflora for soil remediation and the use of chemical products for tool cleaning. Samples retrieved from a production site were used to isolate bacterial and unicellular fungal species able to grow on hydrocarbons were demonstrated to be able to degrade light and "diesel-like" hydrocarbons under laboratory conditions and in liquid cultures in less than a month. The activity of the consortium was also tested on crude oil, showing an overall degradation of the analyzable fraction greater of sixty percent after a 14-day incubation. Low C number linear hydrocarbons were the preferred substrate, but also cycloalkanes and mono- and di-aromatics seemed to be a good growth substrate. Probably, the action of enzymes secreted by fungal strains could enhance the degradation of complex molecules such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Lab tests of consortium efficiency on mud samples are ongoing and an on-site pilot test is foreseen, to prove the activity of the consortium under the challenging field conditions. The development of fungal and bacterial consortia for degradation of complex hydrocarbon mixtures will represent an innovative approach that combines the action of enzymes secreted by fungi followed by the bacterial breakdown, a synergistic effect which could potentially increase the rate and effectiveness of hydrocarbons decontamination.

Influence of Nutrient Concentration on Growth, Yield And Quality of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) in Hydroponic System

The present experiment entitled “Influence of nutrient concentration on Growth, Yield and Quality of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) in Hydroponic system” was carried out in Shade net, Research Field, Department of Horticulture, SHUATS, Prayagraj during March- April,2020.. The experiment was laid out in complete randomized design (CRD), with eight treatments, replicated thrice with nutrient field technique hydroponics system and variety Mulayam of Spinach, the treatments were T1 (NPK 6.25 ml/plant), T2 (NPK 8.33 ml/plant), T3 (NPK 10.41 ml/plant), T4 (NPK 12.5 ml/plant), T5 (NPK 14.58 ml/plant), T6 (NPK 16.66 ml/plant), T7 (NPK 18.75 ml/plant) and T0 (NPK 0 ml/plant). From the present experimental findings, it is found that structure with treatment T4 was found best in terms of Growth and yield parameters of spinach in NFT hydroponic system followed by structure with T3 and T1 due to appropriate supply of plant nutrients and the water treated plants had the lowest values. Maximum gross return (1871.30Rs) and net return (746.30 Rs) and maximum benefit cost ratio (1.66) was also observed in treatment T4. As seen from the experiment, it was observed that the treatment T4 was ideal nutrient for Spinach good growth and yield. Therefore, an ideal nutrient concentration helps the plants in good growth and yield.