disruptive behavior disorder
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2021 ◽  
pp. 108705472110457
Author(s):  
I-Chun Chen ◽  
Pai-Wei Lee ◽  
Liang-Jen Wang ◽  
Chih-Hao Chang ◽  
Cheng-Hsiu Lin ◽  
...  

Objectives: This study investigated the discriminative validity of various single or combined measurements of electroencephalogram (EEG) data, Conners’ Kiddie Continuous Performance Test (K-CPT), and Disruptive Behavior Disorder Rating Scale (DBDRS) to differentiate preschool children with ADHD from those with typical development (TD). Method: We recruited 70 preschoolers, of whom 38 were diagnosed with ADHD and 32 exhibited TD; all participants underwent the K-CPT and wireless EEG recording in different conditions (rest, slow-rate, and fast-rate task). Results: Slow-rate task-related central parietal delta (1–4 Hz) and central alpha (8–13 Hz) and beta (13–30 Hz) powers between groups with ADHD and TD were significantly distinct ( p < .05). A combination of DBDRS, K-CPT, and specific EEG data provided the best probability scores (area under curve = 0.926, p < .001) and discriminative validity to identify preschool children with ADHD (overall correct classification rate = 85.71%). Conclusions: Multi-method and multi-informant evaluations should be emphasized in clinical diagnosis of preschool ADHD.


Author(s):  
M. Gnnanaprakasham ◽  
Sunny Mathew ◽  
N. D. Mohan

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is commonly diagnosed neuropsychiatric condition affecting the children and adolescence. Nearly 8 percent of   school - going children were diagnosed as ADHD and mostly as hyperactive type. More than 60 percent of children with ADHD were progressed to grow with the symptoms into adulthood which causes significant impaired academic achievements, poor interpersonal skills, disordered social activities, and various psychiatric disorders like learning disability, substance abuse, mood disorders, disruptive behavior disorder, etc., Homoeopathy a unique system of medicine which provides a beneficial effect on the human body through its ultra-diluted and potentized drug substances adopting holistic approach. There are reliable sources where homoeopathy proves its efficacy in treating ADHD children. This article provides a cluster of remedies derived through repertorisation considering only the symptoms of ADHD hyperactive type which will be helpful in cases where the individualization of the child is difficult to achieve. Considering the symptomatology of ADHD hyperactive type mentioned in DSM V criteria the most indicated remedies among various remedies were Medorrhinum, Nux. Vom, Carcinosinum, Hyoscyamus, Anacardium, Chamomilla, Veratrum. Album, Coffea Cruda, Tarentula etc.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Pape ◽  
Koen van Lith ◽  
Dick Veltman ◽  
Moran Cohn ◽  
Reshmi Marhe ◽  
...  

Some studies suggest that methylphenidate (MPH) might be an effective treatment for antisocial and aggressive behavior in adolescence. However, little is known about the mechanism of action of MPH in adolescents with this kind of psychopathology. MPH is a dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and thus it is likely to affect dopaminergic mesocorticolimbic pathways. This is the first study to investigate the effect of MPH on resting-state connectivity of three mesolimbic seed regions with the rest of the brain in clinical referred male adolescents with a disruptive behavior disorder (DBD). Thirty-six male DBD adolescents and 31 male healthy controls (HCs) were included. DBD subjects were randomly allocated to a single dose of MPH (DBD-MPH, n = 20) or placebo (DBD-PCB, n = 16). Seed-based resting-state functional connectivity of the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), amygdala, and ventral tegmental area (VTA) with the rest of the brain was compared between groups. The NAcc seed showed increased connectivity in DBD-PCB compared to HC with the occipital cortex, posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), precuneus, and inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and increased connectivity in DBD-PCB compared to DBD-MPH with occipital cortex, IPL, and medial frontal gyrus. The amygdala seed showed increased connectivity in DBD-PCB compared to HC with the precuneus and PCC. The VTA seed showed increased connectivity in the DBD-MPH compared to the DBD-PCB group with a cluster in the postcentral gyrus and a cluster in the supplementary motor cortex/superior frontal gyrus. Both NAcc and amygdala seeds showed no connectivity differences in the DBD-MPH compared to the HC group, indicating that MPH normalizes the increased functional connectivity of mesolimbic seed regions with areas involved in moral decision making, visual processing, and attention.


Author(s):  
Michael F. Shaughnessy ◽  
Mark Williams II ◽  
Carl Michael Carlson ◽  
Chia Jung Yeh

Research studies show that conduct disorder is a disruptive behavior disorder that might cause children to experience some challenges within their personal and social life. Very often children with this disorder might be feeling failure at school and exclusion from their peers and others. It might also affect their home, social, and school environments. These students with this disorder might present management and therapeutic challenges for counselors, psychologists, and mental health professionals. This chapter aims to provide an overview of conduct disorder, which might help school rehabilitation professionals and educators understand what risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis criteria, and treatment options can better understand this disorder, preventions, and interventions. This chapter will cursorily explore these realms with an overview of this disorder and offer some implementations and recommendations for school rehabilitation professionals.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Ellyana Dwi Farisandy ◽  
Nurul Hartini

Retardasi mental ditandai oleh keterbatasan individu yang signifikan baik dalam fungsi intelektual maupun dalam fungsi adaptif. Individu dengan retardasi mental lebih sering mengalami komorbid dengan gangguan psikologis lainnya. Studi kasus ini memfokuskan pada anak (10 tahun) yang mengalami retardasi mental ringan dan Disruptive Behavior Disorder (DBD). Asesmen yang dilakukan untuk menegakkan diagnosis, antara lain: wawancara, observasi, dan tes psikologis. Intervensi dilakukan dengan memfokuskan pada perilaku bermasalah subyek yakni memukul, tidak mau mengikuti perintah, berteriak, serta tidak mau meminta maaf ketika berbuat kesalahan. Intervensi yang dilakukan dengan teknik modifikasi perilaku yakni kombinasi antara token ekonomi dan response cost. Berdasarkan intervensi yang telah dilakukan, subyek sudah mengalami perubahan seperti mulai mampu untuk mengikuti perintah dan mengurangi perilaku berteriak serta memukul orang lain. Akan tetapi, tidak ada perubahan yang signifikan berkaitan dengan perilaku meminta maaf ketika berbuat kesalahan


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Seleem ◽  
Reham A. Amer

Abstract Background: To our knowledge, this is the first study that aims to investigate the demographic and clinical correlates of admission into a specialized inpatient psychiatric unit for children and adolescents in Egypt and the Arab world. Methods: The files of all new cases who presented for care in the outpatient service for children and adolescents in Tanta University between July 2017 and December 2019 were reviewed. Of the 1195 files reviewed, 100 patients were admitted to the inpatient unit for 133 admission episodes with an average duration of 18.5 days per episode. Results: The most common diagnosis among admitted youth was disruptive behavior disorder but having a diagnosis of bipolar disorder, eating disorder, or trauma related disorders predicted admission more powerfully than did the diagnosis of disruptive behavior disorder. Physical and sexual abuse were both associated with higher rates of admission, readmission and longer duration of admission.Conclusions: Except for having more percentage of youth with disruptive behavior disorders, and less percentage of those with eating disorders, the characteristics of youth in need for admission into psychiatric inpatient unit is comparable to those reported in other parts of the world.


AIDS Care ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 1429-1437
Author(s):  
Tatiana Taylor Salisbury ◽  
Eugene Kinyanda ◽  
Jonathan Levin ◽  
Alexander Foster ◽  
Richard Mpango ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
pp. 003329412090551
Author(s):  
Fabiola Bizzi ◽  
Yael Shmueli-Goetz ◽  
Rosetta Castellano ◽  
Pietro San Martini ◽  
Donatella Cavanna

While attachment assessments developed for infancy and adulthood are well established, no such gold standard measure exists for school years, where measures are not yet sufficiently robust. Nevertheless, the last decade has witnessed some progress in this field with the development of the Child Attachment Interview (CAI), a semistructured interview designed to access children’s mental representations of their attachment relationships. This study aimed to test the validity and reliability of the CAI for an Italian population, using a normative group and a clinical group of disruptive behavior disorder and somatic symptom disorder patients. A total sample of 311 Italian children (213 normative and 98 clinical) aged 8 to 15 years completed a battery of measures assessing attachment, verbal IQ, and symptomatology. The psychometric properties of the CAI alongside other children (Kerns Security Scale, Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment) and parents (Adult Attachment Interview) attachment measures in normative sample, as well as the distribution of attachment patterns in normative and clinical samples, were examined. The results revealed the CAI to have adequate interrater and test–retest reliability, as well as discriminant, and convergent validity. Significant differences in the CAI’s distribution of attachment patterns for normative and specific clinical groups were found. Taken together, the findings show that the CAI Italian version is a reliable and valid measure for assessing attachment in school years and beyond.


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