Differentiation of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells into Cardiomyocytes: An Overview

Cardiovascular diseases, including congenital and acquired cardiovascular diseases, impose a severe burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Although bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) therapy can be an effective therapeutic strategy for the heart disease, relatively low abundance, difficult accessibility, and small tissue volume hinder the clinical usefulness. Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) show similar potential with BMSCs to differentiate into lineages and tissues, such as smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and adipocytes, with attractiveness of obtaining adipose tissue easily and repeatedly, and a simple separation procedure. We briefly summarize the current understanding of the cardiomyocytes differentiated from ADSCs

Radiochemical separation and purification of non-carrier-added silicon-32

32Si (T 1/2 = 153(19) y) is an extremely rare, naturally-occurring isotope that has been considered as a geochronometer suitable for radiometric dating over the time span from 100 to 1000 years ago – a time span that has proved rather difficult to explore in this manner. Past attempts to determine the 32Si half-life have resulted in a wide range of values possessing significant uncertainties because only low-activity samples could be made available for such measurements. Utilizing the 590 MeV ring cyclotron at PSI, megabecquerel quantities of 32Si have been produced by exposing metallic vanadium discs to high-energy protons in order to induce spallation. A radiochemical separation procedure has been successfully developed and applied to the irradiated discs as part of the SINCHRON project, based on a combination of ion-exchange and extraction resins. The process was shown to be reliable and robust with a high chemical yield. Radiochemically pure 32Si solutions with activity concentrations of up to several kBq/g can be produced to perform individual measurements (AMS, ICP-MS, LSC) for various studies. Thus, a careful redetermination of the 32Si half-life has become feasible to begin the first steps toward the confident implementation of this radionuclide for geochronological purposes.

Cyclotron production of 225Ac from an electroplated 226Ra target

Purpose We demonstrate cyclotron production of high-quality 225Ac using an electroplated 226Ra target. Methods 226Ra was extracted from legacy Ra sources using a chelating resin. Subsequent ion-exchange purification gave pure 226Ra with a certain amount of carrier Ba. The radium target was prepared by electroplating. We successfully deposited about 37 MBq of 226Ra on a target box. Maximum activation was achieved using 15.6 MeV protons on the target at 20 µA for 5 h. Two functional resins with various concentrations of nitric acid purified 225Ac and recovered 226Ra. Cooling the intermediate 225Ac for 2–3 weeks decayed the major byproduct of 226Ac and increased the radionuclidic purity of 225Ac. Repeating the same separation protocol provided high-quality 225Ac. Results We obtained 225Ac at a yield of about 2.4 MBq at the end of bombardment (EOB), and the subsequent initial purification gave 1.7 MBq of 225Ac with 226Ac/225Ac ratio of < 3% at 4 days from EOB. Additional cooling time coupled with the separation procedure (secondary purification) effectively increased the 225Ac (4n + 1 series) radionuclidic purity up to 99 + %. The recovered 225Ac had a similar identification to commercially available 225Ac originating from a 229Th/225Ac generator. Conclusion This procedure, which involves the 226Ra(p,2n)225Ac reaction and the appropriate purification, has the potential to be a major alternative pathway for 225Ac production because it can be performed in any facility with a compact cyclotron to address the increasing demand for 225Ac.

Highly Selective Purification of Grewia asiatica Anthocyanin Based on Macroporous Resins

In the present study, enactments and separation characteristics of five extensively utilized adsorbents for enhancement and purification of Grewia asiatica Anthocyanins (ACNs) extracts were analysed. Among five tested resins (AB-8, Sepabeads Sp-700, C18SPE Cartridge, Sepabeads Sp-207 and AB-80), AB-8 resin exhibited the best adsorbent ability for Grewia asiatica ACNs (84.24mg/mL resin). Results of static adsorption tests revealed that AB-8 resin selected for kinetics and isotherm experiments followed a pseudo 2nd order model along with Langmuir isotherm. In order to improve operational procedure, dynamic adsorption and desorption tests were done on a packed column of AB-8 resin. Optimum factors for subsequent adsorption-desorption experiments; processing volume 20ml, flow rate 2 mL/min with elution solvent of acidified methanol (1%v/v) were used. HPLC and LC-MS/MS profiles of the purified extract confirmed seven ACNs in Grewia asiatica samples, out of which cyanidin-3-O-(6"acetylglucoside) comprises 44-63% (695 μg/g) of total ACNs composition. Moreover, pigment purification using AB-8 resin did not alter ACNs mixture composition after purification but enhance the peak intensity and gives effective purification. Hence present work reveals that the separation procedure established through column chromatography providing an effective methodology to enhance the purification of ACNs from Grewia asiatica.

Estimation and Evaluation of Mexiletine for Bio-availability and Bio-equivalence studies by Liquid phase extraction using LC-MS/MS

The work aims to develop an appropriate method for mexiletine with 35-65% recovery by the LPE method with efficient and selective efficacy of the IS and analyte for the analysis under Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/ Mass Spectrometry. This method also reveals the bio-availability and bio-equivalence report for Internal Standard & working standard. At first, the selection of proper IS. The Internal standard should be structurally more similar to mexiletine. The selection of method plays a major role in which extraction procedure is done either by LPE or SPE. The selection of separation procedure should be either isocratic or gradient. Selection of column on bases separation principle of the compound. Since separation is the major principle for chromatography. Argon and Nitrogen Gas is used as carries with a flow-rate of 2L min. Temperature at 20°C, the pressure at 20psi. If the instrument doesn't show any peak or response in after loading sample, check the columns is an aqueous or reverse-phase and then submit the sample. Check all the solution and column and temperature and system stability before loading the sample. After loading the sample, must form calibration curve it must form linearity. The method found should possess the following parameters Specific & Selectivity, Precision & Accuracy. The work aims to develop a simple, elegant way for quantification of a molecule and the method determined will have recovery of 35-65% worldwide. This quantification will be further utilized in Full-Method Validation.

Maternal sensitivity and infant stress system coordination and flexibility

Previous research has assessed the relationship between maternal sensitivity and infant hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical [HPA] axis function, yet neglected additional stress systems. Using a multi-system method (HPA measured via cortisol and sympathetic nervous system via salivary alpha-amylase; sAA), we assessed the relationship between maternal sensitivity and infant stress system coordination and flexibility in response to acute stress. A community sample of 125 mother-infant dyads participated in a toy frustration (age 15 months) and separation procedure (age 16 months). Maternal sensitivity was measured via naturalistic observation. Multilevel-modeling analyses found that maternal sensitivity moderates the relationship between infant sAA and cortisol basal activity and reactivity, such that systems were coordinated at higher, but not lower, levels of sensitivity. SAA output was greater in response to separation compared to frustration, though sensitivity did not moderate this variability. Findings suggest that the quality of early caregiving relationships is important for the development of coordinated stress physiology.

Maternal sensitivity and infant stress system coordination and flexibility

Previous research has assessed the relationship between maternal sensitivity and infant hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical [HPA] axis function, yet neglected additional stress systems. Using a multi-system method (HPA measured via cortisol and sympathetic nervous system via salivary alpha-amylase; sAA), we assessed the relationship between maternal sensitivity and infant stress system coordination and flexibility in response to acute stress. A community sample of 125 mother-infant dyads participated in a toy frustration (age 15 months) and separation procedure (age 16 months). Maternal sensitivity was measured via naturalistic observation. Multilevel-modeling analyses found that maternal sensitivity moderates the relationship between infant sAA and cortisol basal activity and reactivity, such that systems were coordinated at higher, but not lower, levels of sensitivity. SAA output was greater in response to separation compared to frustration, though sensitivity did not moderate this variability. Findings suggest that the quality of early caregiving relationships is important for the development of coordinated stress physiology.