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Molbank ◽  
10.3390/m1315 ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 (1) ◽  
pp. M1315
Author(s):  
Boris V. Lichitsky ◽  
Andrey N. Komogortsev ◽  
Valeriya G. Melekhina

A simple and efficient protocol for the synthesis of the previously unknown 2-(2-(4-methoxyphenyl)furo[3,2-h]quinolin-3-yl)acetic acid was elaborated. The suggested method is based on the telescoped multicomponent reaction of 8-hydroxyquinoline, 4-methylglyoxal, and Meldrum’s acid. The studied process includes the initial interaction of the starting compounds in MeCN followed by intramolecular cyclization to the target product in refluxing acetic acid. The advantage of this approach is the application of readily available starting materials, atom economy, and a simple work-up procedure. The structure of the synthesized furylacetic acid derivative was proven by 1H, 13C, 2D-NMR, IR spectroscopy, and high-resolution mass spectrometry.


Author(s):  
О.С. Иванов ◽  
М.С. Василишин ◽  
А.Г. Карпов ◽  
А.А. Кухленко ◽  
Д.Б. Иванова ◽  
...  

Сибунит – носитель для катализатора, использующегося в различных процессах химической промышленности, в том числе и в реакции гидрирования. В настоящее время для его подготовки и проведения технологических операций используется так называемый «сухой» способ, обладающий обширными недостатками, основными из которых являются пыление, а также значительная доля ручного труда на производстве и, как следствие, большая продолжительность отдельных стадий.Предлагается использовать «мокрый» способ с применением аппаратуры роторно-пульсационного типа для подготовки носителя катализатора с целью исключения указанных недостатков.В результате проведённой работы было установлено, что активность образцов катализаторов, полученных с использованием молотковой мельницы и с применением роторно-пульсационного аппарата в реакции гидрогенолиза составила 0,606 моль/мин и 0,642 моль/мин, при выходе целевого продукта 76,15% и 80,00%, соответственно. Также определено, что доля потерь, обусловленная образованием пыли, была снижена более чем в 10 раз по сравнению с действующей технологией. Sibunit is carrying agent for the catalyst used in various processes of the chemical industry, including in hydrogenation reaction. Now for its preparation and conducting of technological operations the so-called "dry" way possessing extensive deficiencies is used, basic of which the fluffing, and also a considerable share of muscle work on manufacture and, as consequence, the big duration of separate stages are.It is offered to use a "wet" way with application of rotor-stator equipment for preparation of a catalyst carrier for the purpose of exclusion of the specified deficiencies.As a result of the spent work it has been established, that activity of the catalysts samples gained with use of the hammer mill and with application rotor-stator system in hydrogenation reaction has made 0,606 gramme-molecules/mines and 0,642 gramme-molecules/mines, at an yield of a target product of 76,15% and 80,00%, accordingly. Also it is defined, that the share of losses caused by a dust generation, it has been lowered more than in 10 times in comparison with acting technology.


2021 ◽  
pp. 299-305
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Ivanovich Kalashnikov ◽  
Dar'ya Aleksandrovna Kulagina ◽  
Valeriy Viktorovich Malykhin ◽  
Sergey Viktorovich Sysolyatin

Naloxone ((-)-17-allyl-4,5ά-epoxy-3,14-dihydroxymorphinan-6-one) is a pure opiate antagonist of a competitive type devoid of morphine-like activity and is widely used in clinical practice. The main raw material for the production of naloxone is thebaine, which is extracted from plant materials. This study presents a seven-step process for preparing naloxone with a yield of 35% (based on thebaine). Previously known methods of obtaining are characterized by the yield of the target product in terms of thebaine not higher than 20%. The greatest losses are recorded at the stage of obtaining oxycodone from thebaine and at the stage of O-demethylation of codeine. The use of formic acid in the hydrogenation process provides a more complete conversion of the intermediate product, and the use of boron tribromide in the environment of chloroalkanes at the stage of O-demethylation leads to the production of naloxone with a yield of more than 70%. A detailed study of the stages of obtaining oxycodone and noroxycodone allows to reduce the consumption of reagents and the time spent in the reactor, which is essential for reducing the cost of the final product. The proposed method is superior to those known in terms of productivity and economic efficiency and can be used for the development of industrial technology for the production of naloxone and its derivatives.


PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11920
Author(s):  
Nur Fazrin Husna Abdul Aziz ◽  
Sahar Abbasiliasi ◽  
Mazni Abu Zarin ◽  
Hui Suan Ng ◽  
Chiwei Lan ◽  
...  

Background Current advances in biotechnology have been looked at as alternative approaches towards the limited product recovery due to time- and cost-consuming drawbacks on the conventional purification methods. This study aimed to purify bovine serum albumin (BSA) as an exemplary target product using an aqueous impregnated resin system (AIRS). This method implies the concept of hydrophobicity of polymer that impregnated into the resins and driven by electrostatic attractions and hydrophilicity of aqueous salt solution to extract the target product. Methods The extraction behaviors of impregnation in terms of stability and adsorption kinetics via protein-aqueous polymer impregnated resin were studied. Impregnation stability was determined by the leaching factor of polyethylene glycol (PEG). The major factors such as PEG molecular weights and concentration, pH of aqueous salt solution, extraction methods (sonication and agitation) and types of adsorbent material and concentration of aqueous salt phase influencing on partitioning of biomolecule were also investigated. Results For impregnation stability, the leaching factor for Amberlite XAD4 did not exceed 1%. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image analysis of Amberlite XAD4 attributes the structural changes with impregnation of resins. For adsorption kinetics, Freundlich adsorption isotherm with the highest R2 value (0.95) gives an indication of favorable adsorption process. Performance of AIRS impregnated with 40% (w/w) of PEG 2000 was found better than aqueous-two phase system (ATPS) by yielding the highest recovery of BSA (53.72%). The outcomes of this study propound the scope for the application of AIRS in purification of biomolecules.


2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
L.G. Pinaeva ◽  
A.S. Noskov

Existing (production of urea, dimethyl carbonate, polypropylene carbonate) and promising (production of methanol, synthesis gas, monomers dedicated to synthesis of polyurethanes and polycarbonate) chemical technologies which any, time soon, may become CO2 based economy for producing motor fuels and basic chemicals have been overviewed. Based on estimates of CO2 removals in these processes, it has been concluded that there is a potential for developing technologies to produce methanol from CO2 to a competitive cost of the target product. It is expected that interest in this process will decrease if stable carbon dioxide conversion catalysts for methane are introduced into the market.


Author(s):  
N. A. Lomanova

The process of formation by the chemical coprecipitation method of nanoceramic material based on layered perovskite-like complex oxide Bi13Fe5Ti6O39 with the structure of the Aurivillius phase has been described. The temperatures of the onset of formation, the onset of decomposition, and activation of sintering, as well as the coefficient of linear thermal extension of the material, have been determined. Technological parameters for the synthesis of the material with a high yield of the target product and the ability to vary the crystallite size in the range of 70‒85 nm have been determined.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 12748
Author(s):  
Maksim Nikulin ◽  
Viktor Drobot ◽  
Vytas Švedas ◽  
Boris F. Krasnikov

α-Ketoglutaramate (KGM) is an underexamined metabolite of L-glutamine in the metabolic pathway of glutaminase II of α-ketoglutarate formation. Presumably, KGM may be a biomarker of hepatic encephalopathy and other hyperammonemic diseases. This metabolite is a substrate for the ω-amidase enzyme and is used to determine its activity in the study of the biochemistry of various types of cancer. However, the commercial unavailability of KGM hinders its widespread use. Methods for the preparative synthesis of KGM are known, but they either do not provide the proper yield or proper purity of the target product. In this work, a detailed description of the procedures is given that allows the production of KGM with a purity above 97% and a yield of the target product above 75% using L-amino acid oxidase from C. adamanteus as a catalyst of L-glutamine conversion. KGM can be obtained both in the form of a highly concentrated aqueous solution and in the form of crystals of sodium salt. The developed methods can be used both for scaling up the synthesis of KGM and for creating economical biocatalytic technologies for the production of other highly purified preparations.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0009968
Author(s):  
Kimberly Y. Won ◽  
Katherine Gass ◽  
Marco Biamonte ◽  
Daniel Argaw Dagne ◽  
Camilla Ducker ◽  
...  

As lymphatic filariasis (LF) programs move closer to established targets for validation elimination of LF as a public health problem, diagnostic tools capable of supporting the needs of the programs are critical for success. Known limitations of existing diagnostic tools make it challenging to have confidence that program endpoints have been achieved. In 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) established a Diagnostic Technical Advisory Group (DTAG) for Neglected Tropical Diseases tasked with prioritizing diagnostic needs including defining use-cases and target product profiles (TPPs) for needed tools. Subsequently, disease-specific DTAG subgroups, including one focused on LF, were established to develop TPPs and use-case analyses to be used by product developers. Here, we describe the development of two priority TPPs for LF diagnostics needed for making decisions for stopping mass drug administration (MDA) of a triple drug regimen and surveillance. Utilizing the WHO core TPP development process as the framework, the LF subgroup convened to discuss and determine attributes required for each use case. TPPs considered the following parameters: product use, design, performance, product configuration and cost, and access and equity. Version 1.0 TPPs for two use cases were published by WHO on 12 March 2021 within the WHO Global Observatory on Health Research and Development. A common TPP characteristic that emerged in both use cases was the need to identify new biomarkers that would allow for greater precision in program delivery. As LF diagnostic tests are rarely used for individual clinical diagnosis, it became apparent that reliance on population-based surveys for decision making requires consideration of test performance in the context of such surveys. In low prevalence settings, the number of false positive test results may lead to unnecessary continuation or resumption of MDA, thus wasting valuable resources and time. Therefore, highly specific diagnostic tools are paramount when used to measure low thresholds. The TPP process brought to the forefront the importance of linking use case, program platform and diagnostic performance characteristics when defining required criteria for diagnostic tools.


Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Liu ◽  
Wentao Zhou

The catalyst can speed up the chemical reaction and increase the selectivity of the target product, playing an important role in the chemical industry. By improving the performance of the catalyst, the economic benefits can be greatly improved. Artificial Neural Network (ANN), as one of the most popular machine learning algorithms, has parallel processing and self-learning capabilities as well as good fault tolerance, and has been widely used in various fields. By optimizing the catalyst through ANN, time and resource consumption can be greatly reduced, and greater economic benefits can be obtained. This article reviews how CNN technology can help people solve highly complex problems and accelerate progress in the catalytic world.


2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Hessam Vali ◽  
Jingjun (David) Xu ◽  
Mehmet Bayram Yildirim

This study proposes and evaluates the effect of “mixed” comparative reviews on review value and compares the results with “separate” comparative and regular reviews. A total of 201 subjects have participated in the experiment conducted in this study. Results indicate that mixed comparative reviews in text format are perceived as less valuable than separate comparative reviews in text format. However, mixed comparative reviews in tabular format have more review value than those in text format and are perceived as more valuable than regular reviews of one product in either format. Unsurprisingly, the positive reviews of the target product lead to higher product attitude than negative reviews. However, this effect is weak in mixed (vs. separate) comparative reviews.


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