big six
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2022 ◽  
pp. 63-82
Author(s):  
Rodney L. Lowman
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-90
Author(s):  
Ahmed Jarad ◽  
Kh. Al- Jeboori

The present study focus on non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. Coli (STEC), included a bacteriological study was subjected to provide additional information for non-O157 STEC prevalence in children and calves. Isolation by using selective culturing media (CHROMagar STEC and CHROMagar O157) from 127 children suffering from diarrhea and 133 calves in Al- Muthanna province. Characterization depends on culturing positive colony on MacConkey agar and Levin’s Eosin Methylene blue agar, staining single colony from the growth by gram stain, biochemical tests; Indole, the Methyl Red, Voges-Proskauer, Citrate test, Oxidase, Catalase, Urease, Motility, Kligler Iron and Api-20E, were done to confirm a diagnosis of non-O157 STEC, The reliable isolation as non-O157 STEC serotyping by specific latex agglutination test for the target non-O157 STEC (big six) serogroup (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121 and O145). The current study showed the prevalence of non-O157 STEC was 20 of out 127 (15.73%) in samples collected from children and 27 / 133 (20.30%) in calves samples in conclusion the Non-O157 STEC is an important cause of diarrhea in children, and calves; finally, the calves play an important reservoir for Non-O157 STEC.


Author(s):  
Vitaliy Babenko ◽  
Denis Yavna ◽  
Elena Vorobeva ◽  
Ekaterina Denisova ◽  
Pavel Ermakov ◽  
...  

The aim of our study was to analyze gaze fixations in recognizing facial emotional expressions in comparison with o the spatial distribution of the areas with the greatest increase in the total (nonlocal) luminance contrast. It is hypothesized that the most informative areas of the image that getting more of the observer’s attention are the areas with the greatest increase in nonlocal contrast. The study involved 100 university students aged 19-21 with normal vision. 490 full-face photo images were used as stimuli. The images displayed faces of 6 basic emotions (Ekman’s Big Six) as well as neutral (emotionless) expressions. Observer’s eye movements were recorded while they were the recognizing expressions of the shown faces. Then, using a developed software, the areas with the highest (max), lowest (min), and intermediate (med) increases in the total contrast in comparison with the surroundings were identified in the stimulus images at different spatial frequencies. Comparative analysis of the gaze maps with the maps of the areas with min, med, and max increases in the total contrast showed that the gaze fixations in facial emotion classification tasks significantly coincide with the areas characterized by the greatest increase in nonlocal contrast. Obtained results indicate that facial image areas with the greatest increase in the total contrast, which preattentively detected by second-order visual mechanisms, can be the prime targets of the attention.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domicele Jonauskaite ◽  
Amber Gayle Thalmayer ◽  
Lauriane Müller ◽  
Christine Mohr

The claim that favourite colours reveal individuals’ personalities is popular in the media yet lacks scientific support. We assessed this claim in two stages. First, we catalogued claims from six popular websites, and matched them to key Big Six/HEXACO trait terms, ultimately identifying 11 specific, systematic, testable predictions (e.g., higher Extraversion among those who prefer red, orange, yellow, pink, or turquoise). Next, we tested these predictions in terms of the Big Six personality trait scores and reports of favourite and least favourite colours from 323 French-speaking participants. For every prediction (e.g., red-extraversion), we compared trait scores between participants who chose or did not choose the predicted colour using Welch’s t-tests. We failed to confirm any of the 11 predictions. Further exploratory analyses (MANOVA) revealed no associations between colour preferences and personality trait. Favourite colours appear unrelated to personality, failing to support the practical utility of colour-based personality assessment.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kexin Jiang

After more than one century’s exploration from academia, both researches and measurements related to human personality traits have been fully developed with the effort of many researchers. Big Five, as one of the most popular assessments for personality traits, was formed based on the etic approach assuming there should be a universal or generalizable measurement for personality traits across cultures. However, with the increasing impact from different cultures as well as in-depth understanding from researchers, more doubts of etic approach on measuring personality were proposed. Emic approach stressing the significance of specific-cultural method in anthropological research has been accordingly investigated. The following Big Six and Big Seven scales were constructed under this approach. These measurements were already examined to have higher validity and reliability on measuring personality traits when implementing in the relevant group of people. Therefore, this study was supposed to give a literature review summarizing the definition process towards personality traits, the specific content and development of the mentioned measurements using etic and emic approach, the measurement issues based on the relevant researches, and some further considerations for etic and emic approach in assessing personality traits


2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Fraser

Abstract Introduction Hip fractures are the most common serious injury in older people (1) with 7364 patients attending the Emergency Department (ED) with a hip fracture in Scotland in 2019 (2). The “Big Six” are key areas in the acute management of hip fractures as outlined in standard 2 of the Scottish Hip Fracture Audit (SHFA): New Early Warning Score; cognition; Water Low Pressure Score; intravenous (IV) access and bloods; nil-by-mouth and IV fluids; and analgesia. In 2019, Ayr ED had a compliance rate of approximately 37.5% with the “Big Six” (2). Method One month of hip fracture data (n = 20) relating to the “Big Six” was collected from the Symphony software and audited. Areas where improvements could be made were highlighted to staff, and a further one-month data collection (n = 17) was carried out. Results From the first to second round the “Big Six” checklist completion rate increased from 30% to 41% (p = 0.68) and the “Big Six” compliance increased from 60% to 71% (p = 0.5). Conclusions In conclusion, compliance increased by 11% with the “Big Six”, however, not to the defined standards identified in the SHFA. Further long-lasting interventions have now been made to ensure that compliance rates continue to improve along with our standard of care.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber Gayle Thalmayer ◽  
Gerard Saucier ◽  
Elizabeth N. Shino ◽  
Sylvanus Job

Objective: This study explores a personality inventory derived from the results of an indigenous lexical study of personality. From the 272 most commonly used personality descriptors in Khoekhoegowab, the most-spoken of extant Khoesan click languages of southern Africa, an 11-factor model of personality-trait structure was identified. Here, the Khoekhoegowab Personality Inventory (KPI) was created based on those results. Its psychometric properties, the convergent and divergent validity of its scales, and its incremental validity over Big Five and Six traits for predicting physical and mental health, religious practice and attitudes, and income are reported.Methods: Two to five key terms were selected for each of 10 KPI scales: Temperance, Prosocial Diligence, Gossip, Honesty/Morality, Temper, Implacability, Humility, Vanity, Resiliency vs. Agitation, and Courage vs. Fear. These 38 total items were administered to a large sample of adult speakers of Khoekhoegowab in Namibia (N = 632), together with five imported inventories translated into Khoekhoegowab: the 30-item Questionnaire Big Six (QB6), General Self-Reported Health, the Cascades Mental Health Assessment, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Duke Religion Index. The properties and intercorrelations of KPI subscales are explored, and their predictive ability for the other variables is compared to that of the QB6.Results: Due to the small number of items on each scale, poor internal consistency was anticipated, but the KPI scales' properties were somewhat better than those of the QB6. R-square change by the inventories as a whole, after accounting for age and gender, indicted that the KPI scales explained more variance than the QB6 scales in almost all criterion variables. Replication of established associations for Big Six traits was mixed: associations were largely as expected for Resiliency, Conscientiousness, and Honesty, but less so for Agreeableness and Extraversion.Conclusions: The KPI had some advantages over the QB6 in predicting physical and mental health. In particular, the four items of Resiliency vs. Agitation predicted lower scores on all physical and mental problem scales. Given psychological-care needs in Namibia, this might be used as a non-intrusive screener. Measurement challenges common to both surveys are discussed, possible solutions, and the utility of higher-order structures are discussed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. p44
Author(s):  
Marton Gosztonyi

The paper analyses the network of relationships between large companies that defines the Japaneseeconomy using ERGM (Exponential Random Graph Model) method. The Japanese economy, becauseof the presence of keiretsu groups and other corporate groups, is an excellent example of what canhappen to a country’s economy if large corporations and financial institutions in the market operate ina closely interconnected, highly centralized and dependent network. This is an important issue, becausethis economic practice is happening globally right now. Therefore, the interpretation of the Japanesenetwork and the analysis of its economic performance also reflect the long-term negative and positiveeffects of this trend.


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