perineal massage
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2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 52-73
Author(s):  
Nadia Abd-Ella ◽  
Hanan Kandeel ◽  
Ahlam Gouda

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 4934
Author(s):  
María Álvarez-González ◽  
Raquel Leirós-Rodríguez ◽  
Lorena Álvarez-Barrio ◽  
Ana F. López-Rodríguez

Perineal massage increases elasticity of myofascial perineal tissue and decreases the burning and perineal pain during labour, thus optimising child birth, although an application protocol has not been standardised yet. The objective of this study is to determine the efficiency of massage in perineal tear prevention and identification of possible differences in massage application. Total of 90 pregnant participants were divided into three groups: perineal massage and EPI-NO® device group, applied by an expert physiotherapist, self-massage group, where women were instructed to apply perineal massage in domestic household, and a control group, which received ordinary obstetric attention. Results: The results showed significant differences among the control group and the two perineal massage groups in perineal postpartum pain. Correlations in perineal postpartum pain, labour duration and the baby’s weight were not statistically significant. Lithotomy posture was significantly less prevalent in the massage group than in the other two; this variable is known to have a direct effect on episiotomy incidence and could act as a causal covariate of the different incidence of episiotomy in the groups. Perineal massage reduces postpartum perineal pain, prevalence and severity of perineal tear during delivery.


Author(s):  
E. Azón ◽  
E. Mir ◽  
J. Hernández ◽  
J.J. Aguilón ◽  
A.M. Torres ◽  
...  
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Author(s):  
Dorian Martinez ◽  
Ranee Thakar

Sir, We would like to thank Scamell and colleagues for their letter in response to our paper describing the results of the Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injury Care Bundle (OASI-CB) evaluation (1,2). We have previously addressed most of the points raised in our response to an earlier critical review of the OASI-CB by two of the signatories of this letter (3). First, Scamell and colleagues indicate that they are disappointed in the quality of the evidence that supports the components of the OASI-CB. We feel that this criticism is misdirected, because the OASI-CB project was initiated in response to this lack of high-quality evidence. We developed a care bundle and we performed a multicentre study, which produced evidence of its positive effect. A second criticism expressed by the authors is that the OASI-CB does not include warm compresses. We have previously acknowledged the evidence that warm compresses reduce the risk of OASI (3). They were not included as a standardised component of the OASI-CB partly because of variation in availability and use (4), and partly because of clinical practicalities such as the feasibility of safely heating/reheating compresses. However, we do encourage the more widespread use of warm compresses because they would further improve the prevention already provided by the OASI-CB. A third concern raised by the authors is that the OASI-CB has only a small effect: a reduction in the OASI rates from 3.3 to 3.0%. As we explained in our article, this reported reduction is very likely to be an underestimate of the true effect of the OASI-CB, given that the OASI-CB also requires a careful check of the perineum following birth for the immediate detection of OASI. Therefore, we emphatically reject the suggestion that our results could be explained by ascertainment bias. Last, the authors suggest that we did not consider women’s experiences and the acceptability of the OASI-CB. Women were–and still are–at the very heart of the development, evaluation and implementation of the care bundle (2). For example, women told us that they experienced a hands-on approach protecting the perineum as very positive and that good communication with the midwife was key to a calm birth (5). We are now performing the OASI2 study that evaluates the sustainability of the OASI-CB and its implementation in a wider group of units (www.rcog.org.uk/oasi2). Based on multi-stakeholder discussions and lessons learned from the original OASI-CB project (6), we updated the OASI-CB manual and antenatal discussion guide and improved our training materials. For example, the antenatal discussion guide now also includes antenatal perineal massage, birth position, importance of a slow birth and the use of warm compresses as discussion points alongside the OASI-CB elements. In OASI2, we will also explore women’s perspectives further via a large-scale survey. We would like to reiterate that women’s health and a positive birth experience are at the centre of the OASI-CB. Our article presents evidence of the effectiveness of the OASI-CB. It is this evidence that, together with our commitment to support women and clinicians, will empower women to make informed choices about whether or not they want the OASI-CB as part of their birth plan.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
A. Fatimah Jamir ◽  
Titin Tajuddin

Background: one of the causes of direct maternal death related to childbirth is bleeding (28%). Perineal rupture is the most common cause of post partum hemorrhage after uterine atony. One way to reduce perineal rupture is to do perineal massage to train and stretch the perineal tissue to make it more soft and elastic. Objective: to determine the effect of perineal massage on the incidence of perineal rupture in labor. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental design with an "Equivalent control group design" approach. The population in this study were all trimester III primigrvida pregnant women at Nene Mallomo Hospital, Sidenreng Rappang Regency. Sampling using purposive sampling technique, as many as 20 people were divided into two groups, namely 10 people in the intervention group and 10 people in the control group. Data collection using SOP, observation sheet and partograph then the data is processed and analyzed using computer (SPSS) version 20. Data analysis includes univariate analysis by looking for frequency distribution, bivariate analysis with Wilcoxon test with significance level α (0.05). Results: based on the results of statistical tests using Willcoxon, the results obtained p = 0.027 <α= 0.05, so Ho was rejected, which means that there was an effect of perineal massage on the incidence of perineal rupture in childbirth at the Nene Mallomo Hospital, Sidenreng Rappang Regency. The intervention group experienced less rupture of 4 people (20%) compared to the control group of 7 people (35%). Conclusion: There is an effect of perineal massage on the incidence of perineal rupture in labor.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Erna Kusumawati ◽  
Agustin Rahmawati

Trauma jalan lahir berhubungan erat dengan proses persalinan. Hal ini juga berhubungan dengan angka kesakitan dan kematian Ibu.  Proses persalinan hampir 90% yang mengalami robekan perineum,  baik dengan atau tanpa episiotomi. Antenatal Prineal Massage yang dilakukan pada periode kehamilan ≥34 minggu dapat mengurangi terjadinya insiden yang terjadi pada pasca persalinan.   Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini adalah melihat efektifitas pemberian antenatal perineal massage terhadap pasca bersalin diantaranya lama penyembuhan   luka   perineum,   Nyeri   perineum   pasca   bersalin, Mekanisme   kontrol   urin   pasca persalinan, Mekanisme kontrol faeces pasca persalinan.    Metode yang dipakai dalam   pencapaian   tujuan   tersebut   menggunakan   uji   komparatif   atau perbedaan dengan dua kelompok sampel yang berbeda yaitu ibu hamil yang diberikan perlakuan perineal massage sebanyak 45 orang dan kelompok kontrol adalah ibu hamil yang tidak diberikan perlakuan apapun sebanyak 45 orang.   Kami menggunakan metode pendekatan melalui kelas ibu hamil di tiap wilayah.   Jenis penelitian adalah kuasi eksperimental dengan pre test- post test control group design. Hasil penelitian ini akan diaplikasikan pada setiap ibu hamil di wilayah penelitian   untuk   pencegahan   insiden/komplikasi   saat   persalinan   akibat laserasi perineum dan pasca persalinan  dengan akhir mampu menyumbang penurunan angka kesakitan dan kematian Ibu di Kota Semarang.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 746-756
Author(s):  
Asmaa Abo- Bakr Ibrahim Abo-Eleneen ◽  
Nagat Salah Shalaby

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-142
Author(s):  
Evrim Bayraktar ◽  
Mürüvvet Başer

Background: Perineal trauma that may occur during labor may pose a critical risk both for mother’s health and her quality of life. Childbirth and puerperium are of the most important periods in women’s lives and can affect different aspects of their lives. Aims and objectives: To determine the effect of perineal massage in the second stage of labor with olive oil on perineal lacerations, episiotomy, and perineum tears in multiparous women. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Method: Among women who applied to Maternity Hospital in Turkey 350 pregnant women were assigned to massage group while other 350 were to control group. The participants were selected through convenience sampling, and randomly assigned to two groups: intervention and control groups. The intervention group received perineal massage with olive oil during second stage of labor. Subsequently, we analyzed perineal laceration, episiotomy, and perineal tear among the two groups. All of them were taught about postpartum perineal tear and its severity, and the researcher followed them up 4 hours, and 1 days after childbirth. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 18. We used descriptive statistics and analytical statistics, including t test, Chi-square test, One-Simple Kolmogorov Smirnov test. Findings: Frequency of episiotomy was 34.3% in the intervention group and 48.6% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05) Tear appeared in 17.7% of the massage group while in 38.0% of the controls. Percentage of tear formation in the massage group significantly decreased (p<0.05) No statistically significant difference was found between the second period of the delivery of massage and control group Conclusion: Regarding the results of this study and those of other studies, perineal massage during the second stage of labor can reduce the need for episiotomy, and avoid perineal injuries, and perineal pain.


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