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Religions ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Holohan

What can esoteric knowledge and spiritual practices from the East teach us about the deep psychological roots of domination and hierarchy? In what ways have ancient Buddhist sages acted as anarchist exemplars and deep ecologists long before these traditions began in the West? How might these anarchistic spiritual traditions inform our approaches to work in education, expand our notions of community, help us navigate ecological collapse, and contribute to our efforts to sustain living systems and rekindle our connection to the myriad sentient inhabitants of the places we live beyond the reaches of capital and the State? This paper will examine the anti-doctrine doctrine of Zen Buddhism as a concrete and embodied system of thought and practice for seeing through the delusions of the ego and the psychological and cultural conditioning these delusions engender. What will also be acknowledged is the general lack of attention this spiritual tradition has given to the capitalistic, authoritarian, and anti-ecological systems that tap into and flow from these delusions. It will be argued that these experiential approaches to overcoming the tyranny of the ego have significant implications for loosening the grip of hierarchical thinking, capitalist hyper-consumption, centralized systems of obedience and command, and human destruction of the biosphere.


2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-770
Author(s):  
Li Fei ◽  
Maria S. Rudenko

The concept of peace entered into Russian culture from the Bible and became its important spiritual tradition. With the development of secular literature, peace has gradually come out of the sacred field and become the significant aesthetic concept rich in connotation. In their works, Pasternak and Bulgakov reflect on the peace in the field of existence and art, especially the ontological value of family and love, thoughts about history, death and creativity. The concept of memory plays an important role in the artistic world of the two writers. Bulgakovs and Pasternaks books are testimony to rebirth and immortality, which is the way they participate in the sacred cause. The paper analyzes the place and role of the motive of peace in the novels of B. Pasternak Doctor Zhivago and M. Bulgakov The Master and Margarita in their similarities and differences. In this regard, the images of the house, music, creativity as the focus of the artists world are compared, the typological related figures of the beloved muse and the savior are considered, the specificity of the disclosure of the theme of immortality in creativity is noted.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4-1) ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
Liubov Karelova ◽  

Ability of knowledge and thinking operations, such as abstraction, comparison syllogisms and so on, are of course common to all peoples. Nevertheless, when referring to this or that specifi c cultural material, the problem of the existence of separate epistemic cultures arises. Contemporary research on epistemological diversity relies primarily on methods of analytic epistemology and focuses on identifying examples of ‘cross-linguistic divergence’ at the semantic level. The concepts of ‘know’ and ‘knowledge’ often become the object of research. However, there are suffi cient grounds for identifying and studying epistemic cultures also in terms of other parameters. This article is focused upon highlighting these parameters by referring to examples of the history of the Japanese spiritual tradition associated with Buddhist and Confucian teachings. In particular, the author examines the Buddhist doctrines of two truths and the identity of absolute being and the phenomenal world, as well as the neo-Confucian principle of the unity of knowledge and action from the point of view of their infl uence on the epistemological attitudes of Japanese culture. The undertaken analytic excursion allows, using the example of Japan, to show that each culture has its own set of assumptions underlying the cognitive strategy, certain preferences, more or less trust in relation to one or another form of acquiring knowledge, e.g., sensoryempirical, rational, intuitive forms, as well as ideas about the goals of cognition, differently perceived in diverse cultural and historical contexts.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-199
Author(s):  
T. A. Koshemchuk ◽  
M. L. Reysner ◽  
M. Yahyapour

The essay reflects on the creativity of Parvin Etesami (1907 – 1941), a distinguished Persian poet, little known abroad. We highlight anthropological teaching based on the religious worldview as one of the aspects of her mystical poetry. Created in the era when Persian literature and its classical tradition were breaking, Parvin’s poems affirm loyalty to the mystical tradition and the ways of self-creation of an individual laid down in it. The article shows that the Muslim science of behavior guides a person striving for wisdom and determines their path. The preaching of morality in Parvin’s poems, coupled with her mystical enlightenment, attempts to return her contemporaries to the classical world of their tradition. This research investigates the concept of man and is based on the only collection of 60 poems published in Russian (Journey of Tears, 1984), as well as on the new poetic translations. Two of the poems translated by M. Yahyapour and M. L. Reysner are introduced to the readers for the first time. The paper describes different facets of personality and fate, found in poetic self-reflection, the most significant of which is Parvin’s Auto-Epitaph. The values corresponding to Parvin’s spiritual personality are revealed: purity of soul, strictness, restraint, intellectualism, moral seriousness. Following the Sufi teachings about men, Parvin criticizes deviations from the true path —such as susceptibility to passions and pride. The poet considers them the destroyers and believes that they occur because of the evil forces distorting the human soul. The poet proposes a way out for the soul captured by the world — the knowledge of the Truth and the appeal to the experience of the righteous. The essay demonstrates that in Parvin’s poetry, fidelity to a thousand-year-old spiritual tradition and individual creativity appear as an organic unity. In the era that leads a person of the West and the East away from the spiritual roots of culture, the poet becomes a gnostic and a mystic in his individual creative life and, abandoning modern trends, consciously takes the path of mystical enlightenment and brings to her readers the wisdom found on these paths.


2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-465
Author(s):  
Irina A. Belyaeva

The article examines one of the possible parallels between the protagonists of the novels Oblomov and The Idiot , which was formulated by Dostoevsky himself. He pointed out both the similarities between Myshkin and Oblomov and the differences between the two. The purpose of the article is to explain the special status of the characters of Dostoevsky and Goncharov, which is linked to their explicit or implicit desire to save the world. The task is to systematize various views of scholars on the issue of Dostoevsky and Goncharov, especially in the light of their relation to the Russian spiritual tradition. The thesis is put forward that the similarity between the two protagonists may be explained by the similarity of the two authors views on the problem of secular holiness. In both novels similar versions of the plot of salvation are realized, in which the protagonist claims to be the savior of others, although another motif, that of personal salvation, is emphasized by Goncharov in Oblomov and has Dante origins. While in the case of Myshkin his wish to be Christ-alike lead him to a personal catastrophe, and the destruction of his inner circle, in Oblomovs case there are no such losses, there are even some advantages in the form of the emerging life of Shtolz and Olga, in the form of awakening to a new life of Agafia Matveevna Pshenitsyna. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that both Dostoevsky and Goncharov did not forget about the human nature of their characters, but the former, as Goncharov put it, allowed his Myshkin, Prince Christ, to wear a divine robe and thus largely predetermined his failure as a savior, while the latter alleviated the traits of holiness in his Oblomov, leaving only traces of them, which attract people to the character making them and their small world better.


2021 ◽  
pp. 136346152110596
Author(s):  
Tiago Pires Marques

In recent decades, there have been many calls for the inclusion of spirituality and religion (S/R) in therapeutic contexts. In some contexts, this has been an institutionalized form of spiritual and religious assistance (SRA). This article examines the concepts and practices involved in SRA services at three psychiatric institutions in Portugal, a country with strong Catholic roots but increasing efforts at secularity and recognition of religious diversity. The case of a user who contacted the SRA service allows us to better grasp this new practice in action. Although some SRA practices have similarities with mindfulness, a systematic comparison allows us to explore the links between SRA and the global dynamics related to S/R in mental health and the particularities of Catholic spirituality. In the contexts observed, the transition from the Catholic hospital chaplaincy system to the SRA model is developing through the integration of features of the Catholic spiritual tradition with concepts and practices drawn from the psychology of religious experience. The accompaniment of the ‘whole person’ emerges as the central concept of this form of SRA. Spirituality gains significance as an integrative approach to the subjectivity fragmented by the illness and the fragmentation of care across multiple clinical specialties. Furthermore, the prioritization of the spiritual needs expressed by users suggests that SRA combines well with the individualistic rationales and the technification of care in the field of mental health.


2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Jarman Arroisi ◽  
Arih Inas Atiqahwati ◽  
Alsadika Ziaul Haq ◽  
Rodhi Hakiki Bin Cecep Mustopa ◽  
Muhammad Fahmi Amrullah

Amid modernization, most people need happiness. However, it accidentally brings them out to ecstasy. Plenty of ways are done to achieve its happiness. Unfortunately, some people are disappointed because they are unable to obtain it. When they don't succeed, their souls become unstable. This study examines the psychological problems of modern society with all its issues. Since it used the method of literature, the researchers drew two conclusions. First, most people experience a psychological crisis. It implies that they are less aware of the origins of their creation. Second, Islam offers a solution to overcome it by giving a thankful mindset and a way to purify one's soul (Tazkiyatun Nafs). People who have a thankful heart are happier, healthier, and in a better mood. People who regularly do Tazkiyatun Nafs (soul-cleansing) can keep their bad temper under control.


2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 97-119
Author(s):  
Džemajla Smlatić ◽  
Belkisa Dolić

Conceptual metaphor is a cognitive mechanism often and gladly used in all discourse types, but it shows its maximum potentials in literature as it demystifies in an efficient and unique manner the experience, perception and mental schemas of a particular speaker – as both a member of a group and an individual. This paper analyzes the application of conceptual metaphorization in Mehmedalija Mak Dizdar’s Stone Sleeper with the concepts of LIFE and DEATH in the position of target domains with the aim of questioning its purpose, motivation and originality. The conceptual metaphors used in the collection are a clear reflection of the notion of human existence in the Bogumil spiritual tradition (the extremely negative intonation of the worldly and the rather positive intonation of the otherworldly reality) but, as it also turned out, in universal human thought. With each new insight into the motivic-thematic world of Dizdar’s poetics, its formal exceptionality and inexhaustibility of content are reaffirmed. This time, it was achieved using the apparatus of cognitive linguistics, i. e. by finding innovative metaphorical linguistic units expressing conventional conceptual metaphorization in Stone Sleeper.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphna Ephrat

This book explores the lives of Sufi masters who functioned as embodiments of Islamic sainthood and left a lasting mark on the land. These figures lived in the ancient cities of Syria and their surrounding towns and villages during a formative period in the social history of Syrian Sufism and the spiritual tradition of Islam.


2021 ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
Михаил Степанович Иванов

Статья посвящена специфике аскетической практики известного русского подвижника благочестия епископа Феофана (Говорова). В начале статьи даётся историческое обоснование диалектическому противостоянию между миром и монастырём, которое разрешается в одну из благодатных форм христианской жизни. Далее проводится различение между понятиями «мир Божий», как сотворённая Богом Вселенная, и «мир греха», как господство зла, вторгшегося в окружающий мир по вине человека. Это различение помогает снять распространённое заблуждение относительно монашеского отречения от мира и выявить подлинные отношения, которые рождает человек, ставший на монашеский путь духовного возрождения. Развивая эти отношения, монах входит в целостное, органическое, духовное и благодатное единство с миром Божиим, что позволяет ему установить основанное на любви ко всему божественному творению подлинное отношение ко всем обитателям тварного мира. На этом основополагающем принципе монашеской жизни, как пишет епископ Феофан, Затворник Вышенский, как раз и нужно строить архипастырское руководство всеми членами Церкви - не только монашеским братством, но и мирскими людьми, тем самым продолжая духовную традицию русского старчества. The article is devoted to the specifics of the ascetic practice of the famous Russian devotee of piety, Bishop Theofan (Govorov). At the beginning of the article, a historical basis is given for the dialectical confrontation between the world and the monastery, which is resolved into one of the blessed forms of Christian life. Further, a distinction is made between the concepts of «the world of God», as the universe created by God, and the «world of sin», as the rule of evil that invaded the surrounding world through the fault of man. This distinction helps to remove the common misconception about monastic renunciation of the world and to reveal the true relationship that a person gives birth to when he embarks on the monastic path of spiritual rebirth. Developing these relationships, the monk enters into an integral, organic, spiritual and grace-filled unity with the world of God, which allows him to establish a genuine relationship based on love for the entire divine creation with all the inhabitants of the created world. On this fundamental principle of monastic life, as Bishop Theofan, the Recluse of Vyshensky writes, it is precisely necessary to build the archpastoral leadership of all members of the Church - not only the monastic brotherhood, but also the secular people, thereby continuing the spiritual tradition of the Russian eldership.


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