The secret of egg white fabric: an investigation of its fabrication and properties

The egg white fabric of the Dong Minority exemplifies their wisdom and represents rich regional features. It is renowned for its superior properties, especially its fabulous luster and excellent handle. However, the production method is rarely documented and instead has been handed down mostly by oral communication, and thus it is shrouded in mystery. In addition, due to low economic efficiency, a secret prescription and the challenges brought about by modern technology, this unique ethnic costume is threatened by extinction. Should this traditional handicraft be preserved or sacrificed? In this study, the secret of egg white fabric is solved by investigating its fabrication and properties. It is obvious that making egg white fabric involves complicated handiwork and numerous processes, including dyeing, fixation, brightening and starching; nevertheless, it has good physical properties. The experimental results indicated that egg white fabric has excellent texture, good thermal insulation, abrasion property and color fastness to laundering. Hence, this provides valuable inspiration for designers and manufacturers to produce unique and sustainable products.

A Study on the Woven Construction of Fabric Dyed With Natural Indigo Dye and Finishing for Applying to Product Design for Home Textile Products

This research aims to study woven fabric construction with natural indigo dyeing with finishing for home textile applications. The physical and mechanical properties, including color fastness tests, of these woven fabrics according to ISO standards for home textiles exported to the European Union were characterized. Tensile strength, tear strength, and pilling resistance of these woven fabrics were appropriate to design, and had enough strength for bed linens, duvet covers, and pillowcases. The color fastness to washing, water, and light of these woven fabrics passed the requirements for bed linens and pillowcases, except for color fastness to wet rubbing, due to the low performance of natural dyestuff. Thus, a finishing technique of water repellency was applied to improve these properties. This design of natural fiber fabrics dyed with natural indigo was developed for home textile products whose fabrics were produced by community enterprise. These home textile products can be used as a collection prototype for a spa room in a hotel.

REACTIVE DYE PRINTING ON COTTON FABRIC USING MODIFIED STARCH OF WILD TARO CORMS AS A NEW THICKENING AGENT

This study investigated the use of a thickening agent derived from modified starch of wild taro corms in the screen printing of cotton fabric using reactive dye. The best conditions for developing the print paste and steaming time in order to obtain maximum color yield were established. The results revealed impressive color fastness properties in the printed samples; although, the printed fabric possessed slightly lesser tensile and tear strength, in comparison with the unprinted fabric. The printed fabric also exhibited increased bending stiffness properties. Largely, this study reveals that the printing paste containing the thickening agent derived from carboxymethyl starch within wild taro corms can be utilized in the printing of cotton fabric using reactive dye.

Coconut (Cocos nucifera Linn.) Root Extraction and Application as A Fabric Dye with Different Particle Sizes and Extraction Methods

Coconut (Cocos nucifera Linn.) root can be used as an alternative to natural dyes because it contains color pigments in the form of flavonoids. Extraction of natural dyes is affected by several factors such as the type of solvent, extraction temperature, ratio of solvent and raw material, particle size, stirring, and extraction time. This study ware aims to determine combination factor of the particles size and extraction methods of coconut root dye on the characteristics and colour fastness of the fabric products. The coconut root powder in 60 and 40 mesh sizes were extracted by boiling distilled water and maceration with 70 and 95% ethanol, respectively. The coconut root dye was tested for the color characteristics and the dye solution was applied to the fabric and tested for the color fastness. The results showed that the particle size and extraction methods used had a significant effect on color intensity while pH value and color index were not significantly different. The highest color intensity was 2.044, the effect of temperature at 30 was 1.949, and the effect of temperature at 100°C was 1.920. The pH value of the coconut root dye solution is acidic with an average pH of 5.85 while the color names from the test results using NADIM 2021 produce three color categories, namely foxtrot, tobacco brown, and pale gold. Although it is not significantly affected by the combination of material size factors and the extraction methods of coconut root dye solution, the results of the color fastness test tend to meet the standards of SNI 8302-2016 regarding the quality requirements for the fastness of written batik. The average grey scale value for each test is 3-4 (Good enough), the staining scale value is 4-5 (Good), and the sunlight resistance test value is 4 (Good).

Mordant-free dyeing of nylon fabric with mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni) seed pods: A cleaner approach of synthetic fabric coloration

The extraction and consequent application of natural colorants obtained from mahogany ( Swietenia mahagoni) seed pod powder is described here. The colored solution was extracted by facile boiling in an acidic medium. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that the mahogany seed pod extract contained lignocellulosic substances. The typical strong broad band for -OH stretching vibration appeared at around the 3400 cm−1 region in the spectra indicating the presence of alcoholic groups in the substance. The acidic boiling of the mahogany seed pod extract showed the color bearing character at λmax 400–480 nm in the visible range of the ultra-violet spectrum. Subsequently, commercial single jersey-knitted nylon fabric was dyed with the mahogany seed pod extract. The effects of temperature, pH, and time were investigated meticulously for the above dyeing. The optimum conditions for nylon fabric dyeing with the mahogany seed pod extract were selected as the temperature of 100°C, dyeing time of 60 min, and dyebath pH 4.5. The results were interpreted in terms of color strength and fastness properties. The color fastness to wash and perspiration of nylon fabric dyed with mahogany seed pod extract was found to be moderate to good in the grey scale rating 3–4 to 4 grade in the case of optimum dyeing condition whereas color fastness to light was observed to be poor in the blue wool scale rating 2 grade. It was observed that dyeing time, temperature, and pH had profound influences on the color strength of the dyed material. The color strength was increased with the increase of dyeing period and dyebath temperature. The acidic dye liquor produced the darker hues while the alkaline condition had no effect on color yielding. The fabric was dyed uniformly, confirming the evenness of dyeing which is very important for successful commercial dyeing.

Trichromatic Vat Dyeing of Cationized Cotton

This article deals with cationization of cotton during mercerization and its effects on trichromatic vat dyeing. If cationization is carried out during the after-treatment, regardless of cotton pretreatment, the reaction takes place on the surface and blocks cellulose groups, subsequently resulting in uneven coloration. However, when cationization is carried out with an epihalohydrin during the mercerization process, new cellulose is formed in which the cationic compound is uniformly distributed and trapped between cellulose chains, resulting in uniform coloration after the dyeing process. The reaction time for the process during mercerization is 24 h, thus a more favorable process was researched. Based on electrokinetic analysis, it was found that 5 h was sufficient for the reaction with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (CHPTAC). The cationization of cotton contributed to the processes of vat dyeing. The change in charge upon cationization resulted in very high adsorption of vat-dye anions, indicating that ionic bonding occurred in addition to van der Waals forces. The color depth improved by more than 10 times. It should be emphasized that the colors with higher chroma and targeted color hue, especially in trichromatic dyeing, were obtained on cationized cotton, in contrast to standard cotton fabrics. The color differences obtained under the different light sources indicate the occurrence of metamerism. Considering the color fastness to laundering, vat-dyed cationized fabrics of all colors may be used in hospitals or other environments where high hygiene and oxidative bleaching are required.

Proses Bleach Washing pada Kain Denim yang Dicelup dengan Zat Warna Indigo Menggunakan Natrium Hipochlorit (NaOCl)

The process of bleach washing on denim fabrics produces a paler or lighter shabby effect. The shabby effect is produced by using an oxidizing agent. The application of sodium hypochlorite can cause a decrease in color aging of denim fabrics and high tensile strength. The pH condition also affects the occurrence of oxycellulose damage which will affect the final result. Inappropriate pH will cause a very high oxidation process and produce a less shabby effect and can cause a decrease in tensile strength. Therefore, the concentration of NaOCl and pH must be adjusted properly so that optimal results are obtained. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of optimum concentration of sodium hypochorite (NaOCl) and pH on the physical properties of denim fabric. After the process of bleach washing process experiment was carried out, a test was carried out based on two-factor Anova statistical data and the optimum visual test fabric results were obtained at a NaOCl concentration of 2 g/L using alkaline pH (10-11). The test values were obtained as follows: color fastness to rubbing are 3-4 for dry, 2-3 for wet, tensile strength 67.4 kg in warp direction, 43.1 in weft direction, fabric stiffness in warp direction 430.48, weft direction 344.54. The factory standard for a tensile strength of 65 kg warp direction, 40 kg weft direction, color fastness to rubbing 3 for dry rubbing and 2 for wet rubbing. Keywords: bleach washing, denim, sodium hypochlorite, oxycellulose, color fastnes