agricultural pest
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2022 ◽  
Vol 324 ◽  
pp. 107722
Author(s):  
Brooke Maslo ◽  
Rebecca L. Mau ◽  
Kathleen Kerwin ◽  
Ryelan McDonough ◽  
Erin McHale ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol L. Goldsmith ◽  
Ki Eun Kang ◽  
Elizabeth Heitman ◽  
Zach N. Adelman ◽  
Leah W. Buchman ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (04) ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Micaela A. MANCINI ◽  
Yanina MARIOTTINI

Grasshoppers are among the dominant insects in most grassland systems. These insects’ communities tend to exhibit temporal variations in the distribution and abundance of their species, and during outbreak years cause important economic loss in both implanted pastures and crops. In the study area, Laprida county, as well as in other areas of Buenos Aires province, this pest problem has been recognized since last century. The aim of this study was to analyze the pest management of grasshoppers made by farmers and related institutions in Laprida using both qualitative (interviews and documentary observation) and quantitative methods (surveys). About 80% of surveyed farmers considered that grasshoppers are the main pest in the region, and 60% of them apply chemical insecticides against this pest, mainly on crops. Besides, only 12.8% of surveyed farmers are aware of nonchemical alternatives for pest control, such us biological control and natural enemies. Most of the interviewed farmers acknowledged the importance of preventive management through systematic grasshopper monitoring and spot treatments in risky areas. Additionally, farmers showed interest in the implementation of more environmentally-safer strategies such as biological control.


Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Jacob Schurkman ◽  
Christine Dodge ◽  
Rory Mc Donnell ◽  
Irma Tandingan De Ley ◽  
Adler R. Dillman

The grey field slug, Deroceras reticulatum, is an agricultural pest causing damage to a wide variety of crops each year. The nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita has been shown to effectively kill this slug in field-simulated conditions, leading to its widespread use as a biological control agent in Europe. However, recently discovered isolates of Phasmarhabditis from California have not been tested in a field-simulated environment. The lethality of three local isolates of Phasmarhabditis (P. hermaphrodita, P. californica, & P. papillosa) as well as the molluscicide Sluggo Plus® was assessed on D. reticulatum in a lath house. Remaining leaf area on Canna lilies and slug mortality were recorded after 3 weeks of exposure to treatments. Local isolates efficiently killed D. reticulatum and protection from leaf damage was attained by treatment with P. papillosa. Further experimentation is required to assess plant protection afforded by Phasmarhabditis as plants in some trials may have been in poor health. The three tested Phasmarhabditis isolates are reasonable candidates for biological control within the United States but additional information, particularly on the lethality to non-target gastropods, is needed before an informed decision on their use can be made.


Author(s):  
Lucas Arantes‐Garcia ◽  
Renata A. Maia ◽  
Yumi Oki ◽  
Tatiana Cornelissen ◽  
G. Wilson Fernandes

Author(s):  
Marco A. Cabrera-Brandt ◽  
Amalia Kati ◽  
María E. Rubio-Meléndez ◽  
Christian C. Figueroa ◽  
Eduardo Fuentes-Contreras

Abstract Myzus persicae is a cosmopolitan aphid that is highly polyphagous and an important agricultural pest. The subspecies M. persicae nicotianae has been described for highly specialized phenotypes adapted to tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). In Chile, the population of M. persicae nicotianae was originally composed of a single red genotype that did not possess insecticide resistance mutations. However, in the last decade, variation in the colour of tobacco aphids has been observed in the field. To determine whether this variation stems from the presence of new genotypes, sampling was carried out across the entire distribution of tobacco cultivation regions in Chile. The aphids collected were genotyped, and the frequency of kdr (L1014F), super-kdr (M918T), modification of acetylcholinesterase (MACE) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor β subunit (nAChRβ) mutations associated with insecticide resistance was determined. A total of 16 new genotypes of M. persicae nicotianae were detected in Chile: four of them possessed the MACE mutation, and none of them possessed the kdr, super-kdr or nAChRβ mutation. The previously described red genotype was not detected in any of the sampled fields over two seasons. These results raise questions about the mechanisms underlying changes in the genetic structure of M. persicae nicotianae populations in Chile. Future research aimed at addressing these questions could provide new insight into aphid evolution and agricultural practices.


Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 897
Author(s):  
Francesca Grisafi ◽  
Giulia Papa ◽  
Mario Barbato ◽  
Sergio Tombesi ◽  
Ilaria Negri

Understanding the interaction between insects and microclimate can be essential in order to plan informed and efficient treatments against agricultural pests. Microclimatic factors such as humidity and temperature can influence the population dynamics of the invasive agricultural pest Halyomorpha halys, the brown marmorated stink bug. The aim of this work was to evaluate the level of transpiration of H. halys in dry, normal and humid microclimates according to the sex, physiological conditions and developmental stage of individuals. Water loss during diapause and the effect of population density on insects’ transpiration were also assessed, as were the nutritional preferences of adults upon exiting diapause. Our data demonstrate that microclimatic conditions significantly influence the transpiration of this pest species. The effect of sex and feeding status on insects’ water loss is marked, while population density does not influence water loss in diapausing individuals. The first nutritional need of the overwintering generations is represented by hydration, likely due to the water loss during diapause.


Author(s):  
Ruobing Guan ◽  
Dongdong Chu ◽  
Xinyi Han ◽  
Xuexia Miao ◽  
Haichao Li

RNA interference (RNAi) is a valuable and revolutionary technology that has been widely applied in medicine and agriculture. The application of RNAi in various industries requires large amounts of low-cost double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Chemical synthesis can only produce short dsRNAs; long dsRNAs need to be synthesized biologically. Several microbial chassis cells, such as Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Bacillus species, have been used for dsRNA synthesis. However, the titer, rate of production, and yield of dsRNA obtained by these microorganism-based strategies is still low. In this review, we summarize advances in microbial dsRNA production, and analyze the merits and faults of different microbial dsRNA production systems. This review provides a guide for dsRNA production system selection. Future development of efficient microbial dsRNA production systems is also discussed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-99
Author(s):  
Chi-ming Yang

This experimental ekphrastic essay meditates on the history of eighteenth-and nineteenth-century rice plantation slavery from the ecocritical perspective of the bobolink, or rice bird. The vignettes of a postbellum image of a Georgia plantation reveal the many facets of this avian migrant’s entanglement with Indigenous histories of wild rice and with Black labour and performance. Weaving in contemporary art and music, this essay explores how a prized songbird—and agricultural pest—developed its grain diet and flight patterns in tandem with the growth of plantation capitalism across the Americas and the Atlantic world.


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