Genotyping and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Clostridium perfringens and Clostridioides difficile in Camel Minced Meat

The present study aimed to determine the occurrence, genotypes, and antimicrobial resistance of Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) and Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) in camel minced meat samples collected from small butcher shops and supermarkets in Al-Ahsa Governorate, Saudi Arabia. A total of 100 camel minced meat samples were randomly collected from small butcher’s shops (n = 50) and supermarkets (n = 50) in Al-Ahsa Governorate, Saudi Arabia. C. perfringens and C. difficile were isolated and identified using the VITEK-2 compact system and 16S rRNA gene amplification. Genotypes, toxin genes, and antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates were determined. Moreover, ELISA was used to detect C. perfringens and C. difficile toxins. C. perfringens and C. difficile were isolated from 14% and 4% of the tested minced meat samples, respectively. Out of the 14 C. perfringens isolates, type A (64.3%), type B (7.1%), type C (21.5%), and type D (7.1%) were detected. However, out of the four C. difficile isolates, three (75%) were type A+B+ and one (25%) was type A−B+. None of the C. perfringens or C. difficile toxins were identified using ELISA. C. perfringens and C. difficile isolates exhibited a high rate of resistance to tetracycline (56% and 75%, respectively). However, all isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanate. Multidrug resistance was observed in three (21.4%) C. perfringens and one (25%) C. difficile isolates. In conclusion, camel minced meat was contaminated with C. perfringens and C. difficile, which present a potential risk of food poisoning. The majority of the isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, and some isolates were multidrug-resistant. Therefore, food safety standards and frequent inspections of abattoirs, small butcher shops, and supermarkets should be enforced.

Modeling the functional properties of minced meat semi-finished product with a protein-carbohydrate composition of a combined composition

Современными исследованиями доказано, что большинство пищевых продуктов, в том числе полуфабрикатов, используемых на предприятиях общественного питания, значительно обеднены полезными нутриентами. В настоящее время большое внимание уделяется технологиям обогащения продукции биологически активными веществами и функциональными ингредиентами, вводимыми в регулярно употребляемые населением пищевые продукты в количествах, соответствующих физиологическим потребностям человека. В последние годы наблюдается активное внедрение цифровых информационных технологий в проектирование многокомпонентных продуктов питания. При помощи математических систем можно осуществлять оптимизацию рецептурного состава многокомпонентных пищевых систем, проводить интегральную оценку сбалансированности проектируемых продуктов питания. Целью исследования является изучение нутриентного состава и оптимизация рецептуры мясного фарша с наполнителем в виде белково-углеводной композиции комбинированного состава посредством проектирования, регламентирующего этапы создания пищевых продуктов с заданными функциональными свойствами. При этом были исследованы химический, аминокислотный и жирнокислотный состав опытных образцов мясных фаршей с наполнителем различного процентного содержания в сравнении с контрольным образцом. В данной статье приведены результаты исследований мясного фарша с заменой мясного сырья наполнителем в количестве 10-25%. В итоге была определена оптимальная рецептура сбалансированного по составу мясного фарша с белково-углеводной композицией в количестве 10%. Была разработана математическая модель мясного полуфабриката с повышенной пищевой и биологической ценностью. Modern research has proven that most food products, including semi-finished products used in public catering establishments, are significantly depleted in useful nutrients. At present, much attention is paid to technologies for enriching products with biologically active substances and functional ingredients introduced into food products regularly consumed by the population in quantities corresponding to the physiological needs of a person. In recent years, there has been an active introduction of digital information technologies in the design of multicomponent food products. With the help of mathematical systems, it is possible to optimize the recipe composition of multicomponent food systems, to carry out an integral assessment of the balance of the designed food products. The aim of the study is to study the nutritional composition and optimization of the formulation of minced meat with a filler in the form of a protein-carbohydrate composition of a combined composition by means of design that regulates the stages of creating food products with specified functional properties. At the same time, the chemical, amino acid and fatty acid composition of prototypes of minced meat with fillers of various percentages was investigated in comparison with the control sample. This article presents the results of studies of minced meat with the replacement of meat raw materials with a filler in the amount of 10-25 %. As a result, the optimal recipe for a balanced composition of minced meat with a protein-carbohydrate composition in the amount of 10 % was determined. A mathematical model of a semi-finished meat product with increased nutritional and biological value was developed.

Change in organoleptic properties of minced meat when including fern Orlyak

В статье представлены исследования органолептических свойств модельных образцов мясных фаршей из конины с включением разного количества консервированного папоротника Орляк ( Pteridium aquilinum ). Результаты исследований свидетельствуют о том, что использование соленых побегов папоротника в количестве 15 % в рецептуре котлет из конины обеспечивает высокие потребительские показатели готового продукта. Разработана рецептура котлет «Бурятские новые» пониженной калорийности с высокими потребительскими свойствами. The article presents a study of the organoleptic properties of model samples of minced horse meat with the inclusion of different amounts of canned Orlyak fern (Pteridium aquilinum). Research results indicate that the use of salted fern shoots in the amount of 15% in the formulation of horse meat cutlets provides high consumer performance of the finished product. A recipe for «New Buryat» cutlets of low calorie content with high consumer properties has been developed.

Prospects for using extractive oils of spicy-aromatic raw materials in the technology of formed semi-finished products

To improve public health, it is necessary to produce products that include natural ingredients with antioxidant properties. In foreign and domestic practice, there is a significant number of multifunctional additives of plant origin, which combine the ability to improve the antioxidant and flavoring properties of finished products. The development of the technology of meat and fish formed semi-finished products of the Ayurvedic direction is relevant today. The main raw materials for the production of batches of meat and fish formed were poultry meat, sea fish – hake, pollock, ocean saithe, haddock, which have the greatest amount of protein. As a result of a comparison of the chemical composition of fish and meat raw materials, organoleptic studies, it was found that the most optimal ratio was the samples in which chicken fillets and ocean fish fillets – haddock were used in a ratio of 50 : 50 %; pollock – In a ratio of 60 : 40 %. To extend the shelf life of the developed meat and fish formed, we have chosen extractive cardamom oils and a mixture of rosemary and thyme. Four variants of formulations were developed with the addition of extractive oils of cardamom and a mixture of rosemary and thyme in the amount of 2, 3, 5 and 8 % to the mass of raw minced meat. As a result of organoleptic studies, a comparative analysis of the average ratings of each sample using different amounts of fish raw materials, it was found that among the additives presented, the best is a mixture of extractive oils of rosemary and thyme with, namely, a sample of meat and fish formed semi-finished products using haddock fish fillets and a sample in the composition which includes pollock fillet with a blend of rosemary and thyme extractive oils. Also, microbiological studies of samples of meat and fish formed were carried out with the addition of a mixture of extractive oils of rosemary and thyme. Based on the results of microbiological studies, the safety and quality of the developed products have been confirmed.