international border
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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
J'Belle Foster ◽  
Daniel Judge ◽  
Diana Mendez ◽  
Ben Marais ◽  
Dunstan Peniyamina ◽  
...  

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a disease of public health significance at the Australia / Papua New Guinea (PNG) international border. In the remote Torres Strait Islands, aeromedical evacuation is a necessary but costly component of TB management and patients with critical care needs require support to prevent onward TB transmission. A detailed costing of an exemplar TB patient from PNG who presented to a Queensland Health facility in the Torres Strait and required urgent aeromedical evacuation was performed. Data were drawn from patient charts, financial and clinical information systems used within Queensland Health and the Torres and Cape Hospital and Health Service. The total cost of aeromedical evacuation was AUD 124,280; 54% of the cost was attributed to travel. Between 2016 and 2019, 19 patients diagnosed with TB were medically evacuated from an outer Torres Strait Island with a median length of hospital stay of 57 days. Aeromedical evacuation and medical management costs require adequate budget allocation.


2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0

Security along the international border is a critical process in security assessment; It must be exercised the 24x7. With the advancements in wireless IoT technology, it has become much easier to design, develop and deploy a cost-effective, automatic and efficient system for intrusion detection in the context of surveillance. This paper set up to set up the most efficient surveillance solution, we propose a Border Surveillance Systems and sensitive sites. this surveillance and security system is to detect and track intruders trespassing into the monitoring area along the border, it able which triggers off precocious alerts and valuation necessary for the catch of efficient measurements in case of a threat. Our system is based on the classification of the human gestures drawn from videos envoy by Drones equipped with cameras and sensors in real-time. All accomplished experimentation and acquired results showed the benefit diverted from the use of our system and therefore it enables our soldiers to watch the borders at each and every moment to effectively and at low cost.


MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
K. P. KULSHRESTHA ◽  
N. K. BHATIA

Based on 30-year averages of the values of atmospheric pressure, temperature and vapour pressure near the ground surface, value's of radio refractive indices for 18 stations of Rajasthan State and adjoining area near and within international border line, have been computed. Using these data, monthly and annual distributions of radio refractive indices over the area for both morning and evening have been describe-d and discussed which may be useful in radiowave propagation in the area.  


Our Nature ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shamsuddoha ◽  
M. Abdul Aziz

We have studied human-elephant interactions in the northern transboundary of Bangladesh and estimated the scale of associated damage due to the negative interaction by visiting conflict area, performing focus group discussions key informant interviews and using secondary data sources. Around 70-80 non-resident elephants regularly intruded to the study area through the international border fence using several trespassing points and engaged in conflicts with frontier villagers. We discussed the nature and scale of conflict and the financial losses due to the conflict. Besides severe casualties in both ends, the enumerated economic loss was USD 1,171, 665 in 2013 and 2014 due to the damage to cropland, houses and properties, trees and orchards. We have identified major human-elephant conflict (HEC) zones adjacent to the border fence through spatial analysis with different level of intensity. Appropriate human-elephant conflict mitigation measures such as habitat improvement and management, monitoring of elephant population, alternative income generation, awareness programs for the local people and working together with India regarding this issue is a timely and urgent need for Bangladesh


2021 ◽  
pp. 251484862110620
Author(s):  
Janet C. Sturgeon

For centuries, people who call themselves Akha had formed village landscapes of rotating shifting cultivation fields amid regenerating trees together with enduring wooded sites, all under the purview of their ancestors. In Mengsong, an Akha settlement on the ridge separating China and Burma, farmers had managed complex, biodiverse and flexible landscapes for 250 years. In 1996–1997, my extended research there identified cultivation patterns that I called landscape plasticity, referring to farming practices that were highly mutable over space and time, often transgressing state-allocated property lines and the international border with Burma. From 1997 to 2011, a combination of exclusionary state forest policies, the racialization of upland minorities, and a state poverty alleviation project brought landscape plasticity and the ancestors to an end. Using concepts from sentient landscapes, resource access, environmentalism, racialization, and capitalist markets, this paper seeks to explain how landscape plasticity and the ancestors were erased. At the same time, I explore the puzzle of why Akha farmers saw these contingent outcomes as positive


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique E Earland ◽  
Albino Francisco Bibe ◽  
Anísio Novela ◽  
João Ferrão ◽  
Kelly M Searle

Abstract Background: The large-scale effectiveness of malaria control interventions is differential at international border settings with varying policies, such as that between Mozambique and Zimbabwe. Impacts of nationally directed malaria control interventions hinge on understanding malaria transmission and prevention at the community level along international borders. Thus far, few studies have focused on central Mozambique. Our aim was to describe community level P. falciparum transmission dynamics and health seeking behaviors among residents of Sussundenga, Mozambique, a rural village bordering Zimbabwe in Manica Province with high malaria incidence reported at the Sussundenga-Sede health center (RHC). Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional community-based survey from December 2019 – February 2020. We used a random household sampling method, based on enumerated households from satellite imagery. All consenting participants completed a survey about malaria risk, prevention, and health seeking-behaviors, and received a P. falciparum malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT). Results: We enrolled 96 households with 358 individuals. The P. falciparum prevalence was 31.6% (95% CI [26.6-36.5]). Ninety-three percent of participants reported using the Sussundenga-Sede RHC for healthcare. Sixty-six percent of participants (N=233) experienced at least one malaria symptom in the past month, with self-reported fever most frequently reported (19.3%). Of these, 176 (76.5%) sought care in a health facility and 174 (79%) received an RDT with 130 (63%) positive results. Of those with a positive RDT, 127 (97%) received Coartem®. Following treatment, 123 (97%) participants' symptoms resolved within a median of 3 days (IQR: 3-5) ranging from 2-14 days. In this high transmission setting, a high proportion of participants recognized malaria related symptoms then received a proper diagnostic test and treatment in a health facility. Conclusions: Future interventions that leverage this health seeking behavior and strengthen health systems for community interventions will improve malaria control and inform the efficacy of potential interventions at this particular international border.


Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 617
Author(s):  
Demet Dincer ◽  
Ozgur Gocer

The COVID-19 global health crisis has spatial implications concerning social isolation to control the spread of the virus. The preventive measures require travelers to stay in mandatory quarantine for 14 days upon arrival from another country. Due to a shortage of government facilities, more hotels have started to function as quarantine facilities. This research focuses on quarantine hotels in Australia, as one of the first countries to implement an international border restriction, to evaluate the spatial needs of users and what see outcomes can be identified. By primarily focusing on hotel users’ well-being during the isolation period, this paper responds to an information gap regarding the quarantine hotel system by providing user opinions on the negative and positive factors affecting their well-being. A survey with multiple-choice and open-ended questionnaire items was conducted with 54 participants to investigate their experiences in quarantine hotels. Among the nine key sources of well-being, the three highest-scored responses were an operable window (4.7), ventilation (4.5), and natural lighting (4.3). Access to the outdoor environment via a balcony or operable window was an acute and fundamental requirement for guests. Additionally, participants mentioned that they are unwilling to return to the hotel where they spent their quarantine, which raises issues regarding the future of hotels.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ch Vabeihmo ◽  
Malsawm Tluanga ◽  
John Blick ◽  
Sathing Sangchungnunga ◽  
Francis Zodinthara

Kolodyne is the largest river in Mizoram. The river originates in Myanmar where it flows in a southerly direction and enters Mizoram where it is called Chhimtuipui river and it becomes the international border between India and Myanmar. The Kolodyne river meets several rivers in Mizoram before it enters Chin State in Myanmar again. The upper Kolodyne river has caused destructive floods recently, however, attempts to delineate the flood hazard zones have not been carried out. This river is a source of livelihood for many families in the region and it had wrecked havoc in the past monsoon seasons with the loss of lives and property. The potential flood hazard zonation of the upper Kolodyne watershed using geographic information systems and multi-criteria decision analysis has revealed that about 40% of the total watershed fall in the high and very high potential zones and flood control measures are needed to be updated.


Author(s):  
Mark J Hanly ◽  
Timothy Churches ◽  
Oisin Fitzgerald ◽  
Jeffrey J Post ◽  
C Raina MacIntyre ◽  
...  

Urban Studies ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 004209802110484
Author(s):  
Ricardo Martén ◽  
Camillo Boano

As Popitz (2017) argues, violence is one component of the great economy of world history, an option permanently open to human activity. In Ciudad Juárez, right at the border between the United States and Mexico, this notion explains the fundamental incongruity that characterises the region: a booming industrial productive model operating in parallel with an international crime and violence hotspot that is also a coveted criminal passageway. This paper will argue that official and criminal checkpoints designed for border-crossing, have had a transformative spatial role when considered across the dimensions of infrastructure and stigma, triggering a material/symbolic tension. We argue that their location and accessibility determine the exposure of nearby communities to economic growth but also violent entrepreneurship – the illegal crossing of goods and people still remains a constant characteristic of the region, not only as part of a criminal enterprise but as a viable livelihood. The ways in which the region of Juárez develops and grows also determines how trafficking and illegal practices are established; rules and regulations that provide territorial parameters for what is open and transparent are equally referential to what is clandestine and devious. The tensions brought by the border’s geopolitical value have amplified the value of infrastructure and its practical ownership. The international border operates as a line that is barrier, social divider, landmark, policy-bridge, filtering mechanism and trafficking obstacle. Under this permanent state of tension, the checkpoints provide a physical structure to the transit flows and a sovereign interruption. Across this urbanism, the checkpoint surroundings acquire a magnetic significance, due to the resulting transit dynamics and the surveillance deterrents at the core of their function. Furthermore, their dual nature – official and criminal – has branded the region as a criminal outpost, stigmatising the people inhabiting it, and perpetuating the idea that Juárez is defined by its violent infrastructures.


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