Effect of Psycho-Yogic Training Intervention on Selected Psychological Variables of Female Police Recruits

The purpose of this study was to find the effects of an eight-week psycho-yogic training intervention on theselected psychological parameters of female police recruits. Materials and methods. Initially, the study involved 200 FPR. Out of the 200 participants, 100 participants werescreened using the lie score of the revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Participants were then further divided intotwo groups (i.e., experimental and control) using the stratified random sampling method based on the lie score. Thepsychological variables selected for the study were aggression (physical aggression, verbal aggression, hostility, andanger), emotional intelligence (self-awareness, managing emotions, self-motivation, empathy, and social skill), anxiety, perceived stress, satisfaction with life, and self-esteem. Tests were conducted pre-training and post-training after eightweeks. Results. The Friedman’s two-way analysis of variance revealed significant difference in verbal aggression (p = 0.016), hostility (p = 0.017), managing emotions (p = 0.004), self-motivation (p = 0.004), empathy (p = 0.017), social skill (p= 0.015), anxiety (p = <0.001), perceived stress (p = <0.001), satisfaction with life (p = 0.022), and self-esteem (p = <0.001). Further post-hoc analysis test – Kruskal Wallis revealed that the experimental group improved significantly from pre- to post-test in managing emotions (p = 0.005, d = 0.61, Δ% = 9), self-motivation (p = 0.027, d = 0.57, Δ% = 8.8), social skill (p = 0.002, d= 0.59, Δ% = 10.2), satisfaction with life (p = 0.036, d = 0.5, Δ% = 11.7), and self-esteem (p = <0.001, d = 0.94, Δ% = 17.6). In addition, the experimental group had reduced anxiety (p = <0.001, d = 1.27, Δ% = 59.3) and perceived stress (p = <0.001, d = 1.32, Δ% = 41.7) from pre- to post-testing. On the other hand, the control group showed significant deterioration in physical aggression (p = 0.018, d = 0.58, Δ% = 19.9), verbal aggression (p = 0.017, d = 0.57, Δ% = 17), andhostility (p = 0.013, d = 0.54, Δ% = 17.8). Conclusion. The study findings suggest psycho-yogic training of eight weeks duration to be an effective strategyor method to improve the psychological parameters of female police recruits.

Verbal Aggression Between Allies: Canada in Donald Trump’s Trade War Rhetoric

The article explores Donald Trump’s protectionist rhetoric relating to bilateral trade relations between Canada and the U.S. In particular, it presents how Trump’s isolationist economic platform evolved into trade war rhetoric and how this rhetoric affected Canada. To that end, the article analyzes President Trump’s statements and policies regarding the renegotiations of NAFTA, his administration’s tariff policies relating to imports of Canadian softwood lumber, steel and aluminum, and Trump’s opinions published in social media, mainly on Twitter. It also takes a comparative look on Donald Trump’s and Justin Trudeau’s ideological profiles to explain Trump’s lack of sympathy and hardline rhetoric against Canada.

Verbal Aggression on Social Media: How, why and its Automatic Identification

In recent times, verbal aggression and related phenomena of hate speech, abusive language, trolling, etc. have become a major problem over social media. In this paper, I present the results of a large-scale quantitative study of aggression based on a target-based typology in a manually-annotated multilingual dataset of over 20,000 Facebook comments and tweets each written in Hindi, English or code-mixed Hindi-English. Taking insights from this study, I develop 2 different classifiers for detecting aggression in Hindi, English and Hindi-English mixed Facebook and Twitter conversations. The classifiers are developed using an annotatedcorpus of approximately 9,000 Facebook comments and 5,000 tweets. Since a phenomenon like aggression is highly subjective, the study shows a comparatively modest inter-annotator agreement of 0.72 and an overall F1 score of 0.64 for both Facebook and Twitter. Consequently, I also carried out two user studies, where humans were asked to evaluate the annotations by the classifier, to test the actual 'acceptance' of the classifier's judgments. I discuss the results of this user study and give an analysis of the overall performance of the system.

Co-occurring violent discipline of children and intimate partner violence against women in Latin America and the Caribbean: a systematic search and secondary analysis of national datasets

IntroductionIntersections between violent discipline (physical punishment and/or verbal aggression) of children and intimate partner violence (IPV) against women have received growing international attention. This study aimed to determine how many Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries had national data on co-occurring IPV and violent discipline in the same household, how estimates compared and whether violent discipline was significantly associated with IPV.MethodsA systematic search (following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines) was used to identify which LAC countries had eligible, national co-occurrence data. The most recent eligible dataset in each country was obtained and reanalysed for comparability. Standardised national estimates were produced for prevalence of violent discipline, physical and/or sexual IPV and co-occurrence among ever partnered women of reproductive age living with a child aged 1–14. Bivariate analyses and logistic regressions produced levels and odds ratios (ORs) of physical punishment and verbal aggression in households affected by IPV (past year and before past year) compared with never, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics.ResultsNine countries had eligible datasets. Co-occurring physical punishment with past year IPV ranged from 1.7% (Nicaragua) to 17.5% (Bolivia); and with IPV ever from 6.0% (Nicaragua) to 21.2% (Haiti). In almost all countries, children in IPV affected households experienced significantly higher levels and ORs of physical punishment and verbal aggression, whether IPV occurred during or before the past year. Significant adjusted ORs of physical punishment ranged from 1.52 (95% CI 1.11 to 2.10) in Jamaica to 3.63 (95% CI 3.26 to 4.05) in Mexico for past year IPV; and from 1.50 (95% CI 1.23 to 1.83) in Nicaragua to 2.52 (95% CI 2.30 to 2.77) in Mexico for IPV before past year.ConclusionsIPV is a significant risk factor for violent discipline, but few national surveys in LAC measure both. Co-occurrence merits greater attention from policymakers and researchers.

Association Between Parental Divorce and Anger, Aggression, and Hostility in Adolescents: Results of a National Lebanese Study

To evaluate the association between divorce and aggression patterns (physical and verbal aggression and hostility) in Lebanese adolescents. This cross-sectional study enrolled 1810 (90.5%) students (January–May 2019) using a proportionate random sample of participants aged 12–17 years, drawn from private schools of all Lebanese districts. Parental divorce was significantly associated with more physical and verbal aggression and anger and hostility in adolescents. Significantly higher adjusted means of physical aggression (32.53 vs. 31.32; p = .013), verbal aggression (19.00 vs. 17.73; p < .001), anger (26.10 vs. 23.43; p < .001), and hostility (29.68 vs. 26.73; p < .001) were found among adolescents whose parents are divorced. Verbal and physical aggression, anger, and hostility were more shown in adolescents whose parents were divorced compared to adolescents whose parents are non-separated. Therefore, divorced parents must be motivated to provide their children with social, economic, and psychological needs to overcome these negative behaviors.

Petty in Pink: Clothing Color Moderates Audience Perceptions of a Female Politician’s Verbal Aggression

This research assessed whether the color of a female politician’s clothing affected perceptions of her verbal aggression. In the context of Kamala Harris attacking Donald Trump, a 2 (color: pink vs. gray) × 2 (verbal aggression: low vs. high) experiment was conducted. While wearing pink, participants perceived Harris as more competent and reported more message-consistent perceptions if she used low rather than high verbal aggression. While wearing gray, high rather than low verbal aggression was perceived more favorably.

Impact Analysis of the Subscale of Aggression in Depression and Anxiety, Among Adolescents Aged 16-18 Years- Case Study: High Secondary School ‘’Luciano Motroni’’ Prizren

Aggression is a phenomenon that encompasses some very significant subscales and can be manifested through aggressive behaviors, hostility to friends, anger, uncontrolled / inconsistent reactions, and verbal and indirect aggression. These factors need to be carefully considered and followed up with research in order to give young people room to improve behaviors and achieve high achievement, otherwise it can affect adolescent anxiety and depression. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of underlying aggression such as anger, hostility, verbal aggression, indirect aggression, inconsistent response to anxiety, and depression in adolescents aged 16-18. This study included three groups of students, 16 years old, 17 years old and 18 years old, with 50 adolescents in each group, so the total sample is 150 adolescents aged 16-18 years. The research belongs to the quantitative type and the case study was selected 'Luciano Motroni' High Secondary School in Prizren municipality during January 2020. Research results show that depression scales such as verbal aggression have an impact on anxiety and depression (rho = .163 *, p value = .047), anger (rho = .385 **, p value = .000), hostility (rho = .174 *, p value = .033), indirect aggression (rho = .261 **, p value = 001), and inconsistent response (rho = .170 *, p value = .037) which are statistically significant at 1 % and 5% confidence level. Compared to a research conducted in 2019, entitled '' Association between anxiety and aggression in adolescents: a cross-sectional study '' we see that aggression has a significant impact on youth anxiety. Thus, the subscales of aggression represent an important significant link in adolescent anxiety and depresion. Finally, we conclude that sub scales of aggression have a statistically significant impact on adolescent anxiety and depression among young people aged 16-18, in the municipality of Prizren. What we recommend is the training and support of young people during their secondary education journey.

Aggression and violence against paramedics and the impact on mental health: A survey study

Aggression and violence against paramedics by patients or their relatives are frequent events. Therefore, the aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of aggression / violence against paramedics in Germany and the impact on their mental health. To perform this study, a nationwide survey method was followed where items of the Perceptions of Prevalence of Aggression Scale (POPAS) and the short version of the Depression-Anxiety-Stress-Scale (DASS-21) were used. The results obtained from the feedback of 786 participants (52.42% female) showed that verbal aggression was experienced by 96.44%, provocative aggressive behavior by 79.62% and threatening verbal aggression by 75.16% of the participants; respectively. Mild and severe physical violence were experienced by 59.75% and 16.82% of all participants; respectively. Moreover, the results indicated a significantly higher risk of experiencing humiliating aggressive behavior (OR: 1.38 [95% CI: 1.00; 1.90]; p = 0.049) of female participants. Correlations between DASS-21 subscale for depression and anxiety were seen for frequency of experiencing different kind of aggressive / violent behaviors. Nevertheless, based on rho values ranging from 0.14 to 0.27 DASS-21 stress subscale indicated the largest correlations with investigated kinds of aggression / violence. To this end, this work indicated a high prevalence of aggression and violence against German paramedics and the implementation of an aggression / violence monitoring system might help to improve their situation.

TYPOLOGY OF VERBAL AGGRESSION OF prof. DOMINIC A. INFANTE: AN ATTEMPT TO PHRASEMICS ADAPTATION

The study of the phenomenon of verbal aggression is devoted to a large number of foreign and domestic intelligence, processed in different schools and areas. One such research center is the School of Communication Studies at Kent State University (UK). Its brilliant representative, the world-famous Professor Dominic A. Infante, together with his colleagues and students, has developed a programmatic line of research and theory of argumentativeness and verbal aggressiveness inspiring many young communication scholars in the field. The object of the article is verbal aggression as a component of conflict communication. The subject is phrasemes denoting a certain type of verbal aggression, selected through a continuous survey of the academic dictionary of phraseology of the Ukrainian. Purpose: to identify and characterize the manifestations of verbal aggression (based on the typology of Dominic A. Infante) in Ukrainian phrasemics. The stated goal motivates the solution of the following tasks: 1) to outline the basic components of the terminological apparatus of the theory of verbal aggression in studies of Dominic A. Infante, his colleagues and students (‘verbal aggressiveness’, ‘verbal aggression’, ‘physical aggression’, ‘manifestation of verbal aggression’); 2) to describe the types of verbal aggression recorded in Ukrainian phrasemics, illustrating a specific communicative situation. Ukrainian phrasemics records all types of verbal aggression proposed by Dominic A. Infante: attack, curse, teasing, ridicule, threat, swearing, nonverbal emblems. A thorough analysis of the source base of the study shows that: а) the verbal aggression contains a negative evaluation nomination and serves as a marker of negative emotions towards the opponent (hostility, dislike, unfriendliness, dissatisfaction, anger, condemnation, evil, etc.); b) the verbal aggression actualizes severe / sharp attack, sensitive attack, attack with excessive demands; sharp condemnation with an ominous wish of failure, disaster, all evil; ridicule with caustic remarks, insulting words; calling someone names, giving nicknames; a promise to cause some evil, trouble; rude, unfriendly words and expressions and the spread of rumors, etc.; c) the attack correlates with swearing / quarreling and is accompanied by sharp, offensive words, condemnation, reproach with varying degrees of intensification; d) the threat is positioned as a warning, a warning about the transition to physical aggression; e) the main nonverbal sign is the look. We see the prospect of research in the further identification of the phrasemic specificity of the verbal aggression in a comparable aspect.