anterior surface
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2022 ◽  
Vol 100 (S267) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim Gerasimov ◽  
Dmitriy Ostrovskiy ◽  
Anna Shatskikh ◽  
Sergey Borzenok ◽  
Boris Malyugin

Author(s):  
Natalia M. Veselovska ◽  
Olga G. Pyatiizbyantseva ◽  
Inna B. Zaporozhchenko ◽  
Zoya F. Veselovska

The aim. To conduct an analysis of the anterior surface of the eye in patients with the newly diagnosed primary open-angle glaucoma in order to choose treatment with or without preservative. Materials and methods. We evaluated the front surface of the eye in 46 patients (92 eyes) diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma: 20 men and 26 women aged from 58 to 80 years. The anterior surface of the eye was examined using an analyzer of the anterior eye. Results. The signs of previously diagnosed dry eye syndrome (DES) with various manifestations of dysfunction of meibomian glands and complaints about dry eyes, foreign body sensation, lacrimation and blurred vision were reported in 39 patients (85%). Based on the examination results, preservative-free topical hypotensive medications were recommended for these 39 patients. Conclusion. In order to preserve visual functions and quality of life in patients with newly diagnosed POAG, it is advisable to conduct a preliminary assessment of the condition of the anterior surface of the eye when prescribing drug therapy in order to rationalize the choice of first-line drugs with or without preservative in accordance with the European recommendations of Diagnosis and Treatment for glaucoma. Keywords: preservative-free medications, dry eye syndrome, primary open-angle glaucoma.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Xiaoyong Chen ◽  
Di Zhang ◽  
Ziyuan Liu ◽  
Yinan Liu ◽  
Hongyuan Cai ◽  
...  

Purpose. To investigate the possible effect of an implantable collamer lens (ICL) on ocular biometrics and intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation. Methods. Ocular measurements were taken preoperatively and at the two-month follow-up using IOLMaster 700 and Sirius in 85 eyes (43 patients) who had previously undergone ICL surgery. IOL power was calculated using either IOLMaster 700 (Barrett Universal II formula) or Sirius (ray-tracing). All data were compared using the paired t-test. Results. The difference between preoperative and postoperative anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), and keratometry on the steep axis (K2) measured by IOLMaster 700 was statistically significant (p < 0.001). In 11 of 85 eyes, IOLMaster misjudged the anterior surface of the ICL as that of the lens, leading to an error in ACD and LT. There were no significant differences between preoperative and postoperative axial length (AL) (p = 0.223), white to white (WTW) (p = 0.100), keratometry on flat axis (K1) (p = 0.117), or central corneal thickness (CCT) (p = 0.648), measured using IOLMaster. The difference in IOL power calculated using the Barrett II formula was significant (p = 0.013). Regression analysis showed that AL and K had the greatest influence on IOL calculation (p < 0.001), and ACD and LT had less influence (p = 0.002, p = 0.218, respectively). K1 and K2 were modified to exclude the influence of K2, and modified IOLs showed no difference between pre and postoperation (p = 0.372). Preoperative and postoperative ACD measured using Sirius were significantly different (p < 0.001); however, the IOL power calculated using ray-tracing technology showed no significant differences (p > 0.05). Conclusions. The ocular biometric apparatus may misjudge the anterior surface of the lens, resulting in measurement errors of ACD and LT, which has little effect on the calculation of IOL power when using IOLMaster 700 (Barrett Universal II formula) and Sirius (ray-tracing).


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailiu Chen ◽  
Jie Meng ◽  
Peng Lu ◽  
Dan Ye ◽  
Yunxuan Li ◽  
...  

Purpose: To investigate the error rate of segmentation in the automatic measurement of anterior chamber volume (ACV) and iris volume (IV) by swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography (SS-ASOCT) in narrow-angle and wide-angle eyes.Methods: In this study, fifty eyes from 25 narrow-angle subjects and fifty eyes from 25 wide-angle subjects were enrolled. SS-ASOCT examinations were performed and each SS-ASOCT scan was reviewed, and segmentation errors in the automatic measurement of ACV and IV were classified and manually corrected. Error rates were compared between the narrow-angle and the wide-angle groups, and ACV and IV before and after manual correction were compared.Results: A total of 12,800 SS-ASOCT scans were reviewed. Segmentation error rates of angle recess, iris root, posterior surface of the iris, pupil margin, and anterior surface of the lens were 84.06, 93.30, 13.15, 59.21, and 25.27%, respectively. Segmentation errors of angle recess, iris root, posterior surface of the iris, and pupil margin occurred more frequently in narrow-angle eyes, while more segmentation errors of the anterior surface of the lens were found in wide-angle eyes (all P &lt; 0.001). ACV decreased and IV increased significantly after manual correction of segmentation errors in both groups (all P &lt; 0.01).Conclusion: Segmentation errors were prevalent in the volumetric measurement by SS-ASOCT, particularly in narrow-angle eyes, leading to mismeasurement of ACV and IV.


2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-106
Author(s):  
Ida Horváth ◽  
Jenő Eugen Kessler ◽  
Tibor Pecsics

Abstract The authors compared the first phalanx of the second wing finger of 33 European diurnal raptors. The importance of studying this bone lies in the fact that, although it has diagnosable characteristics, it was practically neglected by osteologists and paleontologists. Thus, fossil materials can be identified through them, as well as those from owl pellets. The comparison was made possible by the comparative avian skeleton collection of the Hungarian Natural History Museum. In a preliminary investigation we examined the morphological diversity of the first phalanx of the second wing finger among the different species. We used principal component (PC) analyses on measurements. The PC described the curvature of the anterior surface of the bone and the relative size of the distal and proximal epiphyses. The principal component analysis showed slightly overlapping in shape between the taxons but the accipitriform and falconiform birds diverged in the morphospace. The attributes and geometry of the first phalanx of the second wing finger reflects more on taxonomic background than flying behaviour. The avian wing is a complex and highly modulable structure, therefore, probably body mass and size affect flying performance than the other morphological features of this bone. The text is supplemented by 6 figures and one size table.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Núria Comes ◽  
Xavier Gasull ◽  
Gerard Callejo

Protons reaching the eyeball from exogenous acidic substances or released from damaged cells during inflammation, immune cells, after tissue injury or during chronic ophthalmic conditions, activate or modulate ion channels present in sensory nerve fibers that innervate the ocular anterior surface. Their identification as well as their role during disease is critical for the understanding of sensory ocular pathophysiology. They are likely to mediate some of the discomfort sensations accompanying several ophthalmic formulations and may represent novel targets for the development of new therapeutics for ocular pathologies. Among the ion channels expressed in trigeminal nociceptors innervating the anterior surface of the eye (cornea and conjunctiva) and annex ocular structures (eyelids), members of the TRP and ASIC families play a critical role in ocular acidic pain. Low pH (pH 6) activates TRPV1, a polymodal ion channel also activated by heat, capsaicin and hyperosmolar conditions. ASIC1, ASIC3 and heteromeric ASIC1/ASIC3 channels present in ocular nerve terminals are activated at pH 7.2–6.5, inducing pain by moderate acidifications of the ocular surface. These channels, together with TRPA1, are involved in acute ocular pain, as well as in painful sensations during allergic keratoconjunctivitis or other ophthalmic conditions, as blocking or reducing channel expression ameliorates ocular pain. TRPV1, TRPA1 and other ion channels are also present in corneal and conjunctival cells, promoting inflammation of the ocular surface after injury. In addition to the above-mentioned ion channels, members of the K2P and P2X ion channel families are also expressed in trigeminal neurons, however, their role in ocular pain remains unclear to date. In this report, these and other ion channels and receptors involved in acid sensing during ocular pathologies and pain are reviewed.


Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2132
Author(s):  
Arwa Fathy ◽  
Bernardo T. Lopes ◽  
Renato Ambrósio ◽  
Richard Wu ◽  
Ahmed Abass

Purpose: To investigate the effectiveness of flipping left corneas topography and analysethem quantitively along with fellow right corneas based on the assumption that they are mirror images of each other. Methods: The study involved scanning both eyes of 177 healthy participants (aged 35.3 ± 15.8) and 75 keratoconic participants (aged 33.9 ± 17.8). Clinical tomography data were collected for both eyes using the Pentacam HR and processed by a fully automated custom-built MATLAB code. For every case, the right eye was used as a datum fixed surface while the left cornea was flipped around in the superior–inferior direction. In this position, the root-mean-squared difference (RMS) between the flipped left cornea and the right cornea was initially determined for both the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces. Next, the iterative closest point transformation algorithm was applied on the three-dimensional flipped cornea to allow the flipped left corneal anterior surface to translate and rotate, minimising the difference between it and the right corneal anterior surface. Then, the RMS differences were recalculated and compared. Results: A comparison of the dioptric powers showed a significant difference between the RMS of both the flipped left eyes and the right eyes in the healthy and the KC groups (p < 0.001). The RMS of the surfaces of the flipped left corneas and the right corneas was 0.6 ± 0.4 D among the healthy group and 4.1 ± 2.3 among the KC group. After transforming the flipped left corneas, the RMS was recorded as 0.5 ± 0.3 D and 2.4 ± 2 D among the healthy and KC groups, respectively. Conclusions: Although fellow eyes are highly related in their clinical parameters, they should be treated with care when one eye topography is flipped and processed with the other eye topography in an optic-related research analysis where translation might be needed. In KC, an asymmetric disease, it was observed that a portion of the asymmetry was due to a corneal apex shift interfering with the image acquisition. Therefore, transforming the flipped left eyes by rotation and translation results in a fairer comparison between the fellow KC corneas.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. e245231
Author(s):  
Aditya Sharma ◽  
Shiraz Akif Mohammed Ziauddin ◽  
Kapil Chaudhary ◽  
Kirti Gupta ◽  
Venkatesh Dhanshekhar

Functional metastatic pheochromocytoma (PCC) is a very rare tumour and cytoreductive adrenalectomy with oligo metastatectomy is recommended in cases of low tumour burden. We report a rare case of metastatic PCC with an incidentally detected suspicious nodule seen on the anterior surface of the right lobe of the liver. The adrenal and the lesion were excised and sent for histopathology which was reported as a metastasis from PCC. This lesion was not visualised preoperatively on DOTA-PET-CT, highlighting the importance of keeping a low threshold for suspicion of metastasis in abnormal lesions and taking a biopsy during surgery. Inspection of the liver and rest of the abdomen for any abnormality should be done even when operating for any apparently benign lesions.


Author(s):  
Eszter Szalai ◽  
Adrienne Csutak

Abstract Purpose To study the reproducibility of measurements performed with a recently developed multimodal high resolution swept source optical coherence tomography (SSOCT) and to make comparisons with a partial coherence interferometry (PCI) biometer. Methods One hundred and fifty-two eyes of 152 subjects were involved in this study with a mean age of 65.71 ± 13.86 years (26–85 years). Anterior surface keratometry (K), anterior chamber depth (ACD), white-to-white (WTW) and axial length (AL) values were recorded by the SSOCT (ANTERION, Heidelberg Engineering Ltd, Germany) and PCI (IOLMaster 500, version 5.5, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Germany). Intraocular lens (IOL) power was calculated based on ANTERION and IOLMaster keratometry values by using five traditional vergence formulas. Results Anterior surface simulated keratometry values did not differ significantly between the IOLMaster and ANTERION (P > 0.05). AL measurements were successful in 95% of the cases both with the SSOCT and PCI. No significant difference was disclosed between the two instruments (P = 0.229). For WTW measurements, a significant difference was observed between the two optical biometers (P < 0.0001). The difference between PCI and SSOCT in IOL powers was statistically significant for SRK/T, Hoffer and Holladay formulas (P < 0.001). Conclusion Our results implicated an overall good reproducibility of anterior keratometry, AL, ACD and WTW measurements for IOLMaster and ANTERION. The discrepancies between their measurements resulted in significant difference in the calculated IOL power for SRK/T, Hoffer and Holladay formulas, but not for Haigis formula.


2021 ◽  
Vol 156 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S75-S76
Author(s):  
M A Masoud ◽  
E Wei

Abstract Introduction/Objective Angiomyolipoma is a benign mesenchymal neoplasm composed of variable admixture of thick dysmorphic blood vessels, smooth muscle cells, and fat cells that commonly arises in the kidney. It is strongly associated with tuberous sclerosis but it can also occur as sporadic. Extra renal angiomyolipomas have been reported with the liver being the most common location. Few cases of angiomyolipoma in the female genital have been reported where the uterus being the most common site. Uterine cervical angiomyolipoma has rarely been reported. Methods/Case Report We reported a case of 64-year-old white female with postmenopausal bleeding. Endometrial biopsy revealed endometrioid type endometrial adenocarcinoma. MRI showed endometrium was thickened, and the cervix was enlarged with disruption of the cervical fibrous stroma on the anterior surface concerning for cervical stromal invasion. Grossly, besides the polypoid mass that involved the endometrial cavity, there was a firm nodule with whorled cut surface noted on the anterior surface of the cervix. Microscopic examination of the cervical nodule revealed a classic variant of angiomyolipoma with mature adipocytes, spindle shaped smooth myocytes and anomalous thick-walled blood vessels with hyalinization. The spindle cells were positive for smooth muscle actin and caldesmon. CD34 highlighted the thick walled blood vessels. The stain for HMB- 45 was negative in contrast to renal counterpart. These findings are consistent with cervical angiomyolipoma. In addition, there was endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma, FIGO grade 1, with microsatellite stable phenotype, with only superficial invasion of myometrium, without involvement of cervical stroma. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) NA Conclusion This is a rare and probably the only presentation of cervical angiomyolipoma concurrently occurring with endometrial adenocarcinoma. It is uncertain if these two disease entities have genetic or pathogenesis association. The imaging studies were very concerning for cervical stromal invasion or questionable cervical cancer with local invasion. Cervical angiomyolipomas, though, extremely rare, may also be included in dysfunctional uterine bleeding differential diagnosis.


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