loose stool
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2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Neetu Beniwal ◽  
Nishant Dangi ◽  
Anuradha Sanadhya ◽  
Mohammed Asif

Background: Phototherapy is a safe and effective method for management of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia with no serious untoward side effects. Hypocalcemia is a common and lesser observed adverse effect of phototherapy.Methods: This study was a prospective observational study done in department of pediatrics, RNT Medical College, Udaipur (Rajasthan). Serum calcium level was observed in term neonates admitted for phototherapy.Results: Out of total 80 neonates included in study 40 received phototherapy and 40 were control. Neonates receiving phototherapy had significantly lower level of serum calcium. Other complication were rashes, loose stool, fever and dehydration.Conclusions: We can conclude from this study that hypocalcemia is a significant complication of phototherapy in newborn and probably monitoring of serum calcium level in babies under phototherapy is warranted.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
Amulya Dahal ◽  
Dr. Mahesh Prasad Shah ◽  
Dr. Prashant Kumar Singh

Grahani Roga is a common Gastro-intestinal Tract disorder of present era. In Ayurveda, Grahani is considered as the main functional part of Mahasrota which is located in between amashaya & pakwashaya, also known as the 6th kala i.e., Pittadhara Kala where jatharagni resides and its main function is to hold the ahara upto the end of avasthapaka & after completion passes it into pakvasaya. Symptoms like alternate passing of hard & loose stool, abdominal pain, passing of foul-smelling stool, mucus in faecal matter are diagnostic of Grahani Roga. In modern science, above mentioned symptoms can be correlated with IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome). In IBS, the wall of the intestine becomes sensitive to even mild stimulus which causes excess abdominal cramps & hence the bowel movement alters along with indigestion. In this case an effort has been made to treat 33 years male suffering from Grahani roga, at Ayurveda Teaching Hospital within 3 months by various ayurveda medicine and panchakarma procedures.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-82
Author(s):  
Rashes Shrestha ◽  
Niraj Bhattarai ◽  
Binay Thakur ◽  
Mukti Devkota ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Mandel ◽  
...  

In children, commonest liver tumor is hepatoblastoma. We present a 14-month-old male child who presented with abdominal distension and loose stool. Radiological imaging revealed solid hepatic mass. Hematological investigations revealed anemia, thrombocytosis and high Serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) level. Ultrasound (USG) guided FNAC confirmed the mass to be hepatoblastoma. CT scan revealed hepatoblastoma PRETEXT stage III. The patient underwent 6 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and responded to POSTTEXT stage II. Left hemi-hepatectomy was done with clear resectin margins. Complete surgical excision of the mass after preoperative chemotherapy remains the mainstay of the treatment of locally advanced hepatoblastoma. 


Author(s):  
Michele D Tisdale ◽  
David R Tribble ◽  
Indrani Mitra ◽  
Kalyani Telu ◽  
Huai-Ching Kuo ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: We assessed the compliance with self-collection of stool smears on Whatman® FTA® Elute Card (FTA Card) and detection of travelers’ diarrhea (TD) associated pathogens using a quantitative PCR assay (customized TaqMan® array card [TAC]), in a prospective, observational cohort of travelers. Methods: Enrolled travelers documented symptoms on a travel diary and collected an FTA Card during a diarrheal episode, or at the end of travel if they remained asymptomatic. TAC testing was performed on FTA Cards from TD cases and 1:1 matched asymptomatic controls and 1:1 matched loose stool cases that did not meet TD criteria. Odds ratios (OR) were used to determine the association between detected pathogens and TD. Results: 484 of 2456 (19.7%) travelers completed an illness diary and met TD criteria, and 257 (53.1%) collected an FTA Card during the TD episode. FTA Cards were stored for a median of 2 years at room temperature (IQR: 1-4 years) before extraction and testing. The overall TAC detection rate in TD cases was 58.8% (95%CI: 52.5-64.8). Enterotoxigenic E. coli was the most common pathogen in TD cases (26.8%) and 3.5% of samples were positive for norovirus. The odds of detecting TD-associated pathogens in 231 matched cases and asymptomatic controls was 5.4 (95% CI: 3.6-8.1) and 2.0 (95% CI:1.1-3.7) in 121 matched TD and loose stool cases (p < 0.05). Enteroaggregative E coli was the most common pathogen detected in asymptomatic controls and loose stool cases. Detection of diarrheagenic E coli, Shigella/enteroinvasive E coli (EIEC), and Campylobacter spp. was significantly associated with TD. Conclusions: FTA Cards are a useful adjunct to traditional stool collection methods for evaluating the pathogen-specific epidemiology of TD in austere environments. Qualitative detection of pathogens was associated with TD. Measures to improve compliance and quality of FTA Card collection with decreased storage duration may further optimize detection.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 2848
Author(s):  
Krishna Ramavath ◽  
Siddharth S. Rao ◽  
Nyna Sindhu ◽  
Tushar Parmeshwar ◽  
Pranay Palle

COVID-19 disease is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) which can cause respiratory symptoms more. It can cause gastrointestinal symptoms also due to this RNA virus protein binding to the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors which are abundantly present in stomach, small intestine, large intestine and liver. The gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19 disease can present as acute surgical abdomen which can create diagnostic dilemma. We presented a case of COVID-19 disease, admitted in our hospital. Later he had symptoms of acute surgical abdomen symptoms like sudden onset abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and loose stool without blood. He was properly evaluated and conservatively managed. The gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19 disease can present as acute surgical abdomen. So, these patients properly evaluated and then only surgical plan will be made according pathology.


2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-202
Author(s):  
Baburam Dixit Thapa ◽  
Mohan Chandra Regmi

Symptomatic imperforate hymen is very rare in infants. Here we report a neonate who presented with imperforate hymen with abdominal distension, fever and loose stool. Imaging study showed large thick walled cystic lesion extending from pelvis to abdomen upto epigastric region with bilateral mild hydroureteronephrosis and lower part in between urinary bladder and rectum suggesting hydrometrocolpos. There was spontaneous rupture leading to flow of collection. It leads to spontaneous resolution of the mass which was confirmed with pelvic ultrasound and computed tomography.Keywords: Hydrometrocolpos; hydroureteronephrosis; imperforate hymen


2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Zhiyong Li ◽  
Jianliang Li ◽  
Fengrong Zhang ◽  
Na Zhu ◽  
Zijun Sha ◽  
...  

Sechang-Zhixie-San (SCZX) is an ancient prescription used for pediatric diarrhea by the Yi people in China, which consists of Rodgersia sambucifolia Hemsley (known as Yantuo and abbreviated as YT) and Bentonite (BN). Now, it is also a Chinese patent medicine used in the clinic to treat infantile diarrhea. Besides evaluating the antidiarrheal effect of SCZX on diarrhea mice induced by Folium Sennae, the purpose of this study is to outline the characteristics of the antidiarrheal effect and reveal the potential mechanisms of SCZX through the analysis of the mechanism and active components of YT via network pharmacology and molecular docking, combined with the research progress of BN obtained from the literature. SCZX (3.12 and 12.48 g/kg) effectively inhibited diarrhea in mice, significantly lowering the loose stool rate (LSR), loose stool level (LSL), and loose stool index (LSI). Using network pharmacology, the “herb-compound-target-pathway-pharmacological action” network was mapped to indicate the antidiarrheal mechanism of YT. And the docking results revealed that 4 components of YT including quercetin, geranyl-1-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 ⟶ 6)-β-D-glucopyranoside, 3α-O-(E)-p-hydroxy-cinnamoyl-olean-12-en-27-oic acid, and daucosterol showed significant docking activities with STAT3, EGFR, and SLC10A2, involving 11 pathways such as Th17 cell differentiation, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, ErbB signaling pathway, and HIF-1 signaling pathway. According to our research results and literature reports, the antidiarrheal could be summarized into five aspects: inhibiting intestinal inflammation, acting as a barrier to the intestinal mucosal, regulating water and ion transport, involving the purification of intestinal microorganisms, and intestinal transmission, which might be dependent on multiple proteins and intervention in multiple pathways.


2020 ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Nhon Tran Van ◽  
Mai Do Van ◽  
Hien Ha Minh

Background: To survey for evaluation the use of antibiotic for diarrhea treatment on pediatric inpatient in compliance with MOH, WHO or treatment regimen. Objectives: (1) To describe the situation of antibiotic use for diarrhea treatment and (2) to determine factors that affected on indication of antibiotic for pediatric inpatient under 15 years at Kien Giang General Hospital in 2019. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study on 251 medical records of pediatric inpatients who treated by one of any drug from 01/2019 to 12/2019. Results: one antibiotic was prescribed in 71.7% in comparison with 17.1% on two antibiotics. The antibiotic prescription was based on the results of blood test including examinations of white blood cells (WBC), the percentage of neutrophils (Neu%) and/or C-reactive protein (CRP) (59.4%), stool with white blood cells and/or red blood cells (1.6%), high fever without causes (27.9%), watery stool (86.3%), loose stool with blood (100%), loose stool (97.9%). The most used antibiotics are ceftriaxone (53.4%), ciprofloxacin (12.4%). Duration of antibiotic use is 5 days in median. Conclusion: The rate of antibiotic prescription that met MOH and WHO guidelines was 88.3% in comparison with 11.7% of non-conformance. The compliance prescriptions based on antibiogram were 77.8%, non-compliance were 22.5%. The compliance dosage refered to guideline was 86.4%, non-conpliance was 2.4%. The duration of hospitalization and neutrophil are factors that affected the use of antibiotics (p < 0.05). Keywords: diarrhea, pediatric inpatient, antibiotic, Pediatrics-Kien Giang General Hospital


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathilde Uiterwijk ◽  
Lapo Mughini-Gras ◽  
Rolf Nijsse ◽  
Jaap A. Wagenaar ◽  
Harm W. Ploeger ◽  
...  

Abstract Background In dogs, infections with Giardia duodenalis are mainly caused by assemblages C and D, but also by the potentially zoonotic assemblages A and B. The aims of this study were to assess differences in assemblages (i) between dogs living mainly in close proximity to humans (synanthropic dogs) versus dogs living mainly among other dogs, (ii) between samples of dogs with or without loose stool, and (iii) related to the amount of cysts shedding. Methods One hundred eighty-nine qPCR Giardia positive fecal samples of dogs originating from four groups (household, sheltered, hunting, and dogs for which a veterinarian sent a fecal sample to a diagnostic laboratory) were used for genotyping. For this, multi-locus genotyping of beta-giardin, triose phosphate isomerase, and glutamate dehydrogenase and genotyping of SSU rDNA gene fragments were performed. Fecal consistency was scored (loose or non-loose stool), and cysts per gram of feces were determined with qPCR. Results Assemblage D was the most prevalent in all groups, followed by the other canid assemblage C. Also, mixed C/D was common. In two (synanthropic) household dogs, the potentially zoonotic assemblage AI was present. Although occurrence of assemblage AI in household dogs was not significantly different from dogs living among other dogs (sheltered and hunting dogs), it was significantly higher compared to dogs for which a sample was sent to a diagnostic laboratory. Dogs with assemblage D shed significantly more cysts than dogs with other assemblages (except for mixed C/D results) or dogs in which no assemblage could be determined. None of the assemblages was significantly associated with loose stool. Conclusion Not only do dogs mainly shed the canid Giardia duodenalis assemblages D and/or C, the numbers of cysts per gram for the canid assemblage D were also higher than for the potential zoonotic assemblage AI. Based on the assemblages shed by dogs, the risk to public health posed by dogs is estimated to be low, even though the dogs that shed AI were synanthropic household dogs. Loose stool in infected dogs was not associated with any particular Giardia assemblage.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S107-S107
Author(s):  
Varea H Costello ◽  
David Tribble ◽  
Christa Eickhoff ◽  
Drake H Tilley ◽  
Gregory Utz ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Older travelers (≥ 60 years) are a unique risk population for travel related infections and adverse events from antibiotics. We evaluated the differences in travel characteristics, exposures, illnesses and antibiotic use among older travelers and those between 18 – 59 y using a prospective, observational cohort of US Department of Defense (DoD) beneficiaries traveling outside the US for ≤ 6.5 months (TravMil). Methods Adult DoD beneficiaries were enrolled pre-travel. Itineraries limited to Western/Northern Europe, Canada, or New Zealand and active duty personnel on military travel were excluded. Demographics, itineraries and prescriptions were abstracted. A post-travel survey collected information on exposures and illnesses (travelers’ diarrhea (TD), influenza-like illness (ILI) or febrile illness). Categorical variables were analyzed using chi-square or Fishers exact test and the Mann-U Whitney test was used for continuous variables. Results Of the 1468 travelers, 755 were ≥ 60y and 719 were &lt; 60y. Asia (35%) and South/Central America (28%) were the most common travel regions. Older travelers were more likely to be Caucasian (80% vs. 67%), male (52% vs. 39%) and travel for tourism (84% vs. 51%) (p&lt; 0.05). Younger travelers were more likely engage in risk behaviors (e.g. consume poorly cooked meat or seafood (16% vs 9%) or street vendor food (26% vs 8.6%), wade in fresh water (24% vs. 18%), and non-compliance with malaria prophylaxis (22% vs 12%) (p&lt; 0.05). Older travelers had a lower incidence of TD (18% vs 24%), and a higher proportion of cases with loose stool or mild TD that did not interfere with daily activities (63% vs. 51%) (p&lt; 0.05). Inappropriate antibiotic use for loose stool or mild TD were similar among the two age groups (67% vs 59%). Non-significant trends of lower incidence and mild infections were observed for ILI and febrile illness in older travelers. Conclusion Older travelers were less likely to engage in risk behaviors, had a lower TD incidence and reported mild diarrheal symptoms. Inappropriate antibiotic use for loose stool or mild TD was common in both age groups. Enhancing antibiotic stewardship is important for older travelers to prevent potential side effects, drug interactions and antibiotic resistance. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures


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