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PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261660
Author(s):  
Richard N. Day ◽  
Kathleen H. Day ◽  
Fredrick M. Pavalko

Earlier, we proposed the “mechanosome” concept as a testable model for understanding how mechanical stimuli detected by cell surface adhesion molecules are transmitted to modulate gene expression inside cells. Here, for the first time we document a putative mechanosome involving Src, Pyk2 and MBD2 in MLO-Y4 osteocytes with high spatial resolution using FRET-FLIM. Src-Pyk2 complexes were concentrated at the periphery of focal adhesions and the peri-nuclear region. Pyk2-MBD2 complexes were located primarily in the nucleus and peri-nuclear region. Lifetime measurements indicated that Src and MBD2 did not interact directly. Finally, mechanical stimulation by fluid flow induced apparent accumulation of Src-Pyk2 protein complexes in the peri-nuclear/nuclear region, consistent with the proposed behavior of a mechanosome in response to a mechanical stimulus.


2021 ◽  
Vol 922 (2) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Adalyn Fyhrie ◽  
Jason Glenn ◽  
Naseem Rangwala ◽  
Jordan Wheeler ◽  
Sara Beck ◽  
...  

Abstract NGC 6240 is a luminous infrared galaxy in the local universe in the midst of a major merger. We analyze high-resolution interferometric observations of warm molecular gas using CO J = 3–2 and 6–5 in the central few kpc of NGC 6240 taken by the Atacama Large Millimeter Array. Using these CO line observations, we model the density distribution and kinematics of the molecular gas between the nuclei of the galaxies. Our models suggest that a disk model represents the data poorly. Instead, we argue that the observations are consistent with a tidal bridge between the two nuclei. We also observe high-velocity redshifted gas that is not captured by the model. These findings shed light on small-scale processes that can affect galaxy evolution and the corresponding star formation.


Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 516 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
HOANG THI BINH ◽  
NGUYEN VAN NGOC ◽  
HOANG THANH SON ◽  
SHUICHIRO TAGANE ◽  
TETSUKAZU YAHARA

A new species of Quercus (Fagaceae), Q. ngochoaensis, from Ba Vi National Park, Ha Noi, northern Vietnam is described and illustrated. This species is morphologically similar to Q. glauca in having glabrous twigs, cuneate leaf base, two or three fruits per infructescence, almost entire margin of lamellate rings on cupule except the lowest three rings, slightly convex scar at the base of a nut. However, it differs from Q. glauca in having smaller leaves, cup-shaped cupule enclosing 1/2–2/3 of the nut, 7–8 lamellate rings on cupule, and subglobose nut. In addition to the description, DNA barcodes of the two partial plastid regions of matK, rbcL and the nuclear region of ITS of the new species are provided.


Author(s):  
A. Bewketu Belete ◽  
P. Andreani ◽  
J. A. Fernández-Ontiveros ◽  
E. Hatziminaoglou ◽  
F. Combes ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 913 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Yulong Gao ◽  
Fumi Egusa ◽  
Guilin Liu ◽  
Kotaro Kohno ◽  
Min Bao ◽  
...  

PhytoKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 67-88
Author(s):  
Xin-Rui Xu ◽  
Xian-Lin Guo ◽  
Megan Price ◽  
Xing-Jin He ◽  
Song-Dong Zhou

Physospermopsis (Apiaceae) comprises about 10 species, but its taxonomy and phylogeny are disputed. The genus is mostly distributed in the Himalayas and Hengduan Mountains at high elevation. Earlier molecular studies involving six species of Physospermopsis indicated that this genus is not monophyletic and is nested in the East Asia Clade. Therefore, the aims of this study were to re-assess the phylogenetic position of, and interspecific relationships within, Physospermopsis based on two chloroplast loci (rpl16, rps16) and one nuclear region, the internal transcribed spacers of ribosomal DNA (ITS). Eight species involving 13 populations of Physospermopsis were collected. These were sequenced and analyzed with the sequences of 31 other Apiaceae species obtained from the NCBI to determine phylogenetic relationships using Bayesian inference (BI) and Maximum likelihood (ML). Our study found that Physospermopsis is monophyletic, nested in Pleurospermeae of Apiaceae, sister to Pleurospermum. And we propose that the Physospermopsis clade should be replaced by the East Asia Clade. However, the interspecific relationships within Physospermopsis were not well resolved and the positioning of species was unclear. Diagnostic characteristics to distinguish Physospermopsis species in the field and laboratory are provided for future Physospermopsis phylogenetic studies.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-63
Author(s):  
E. C. O Dias ◽  
M. A Alves

The pitch curves in a language may represent not only distinct intonational patterns but also serve to differentiate one type of sentence from another (e.g., interrogative x affirmative). Different melodic curves may also contain linguistic information which can affect comprehension. One comparison between Spanish and Portuguese can exemplify how differences in the melodic curves of interrogative sentences might cause miscomprehension. According to Sosa (1999) melodic curves of yes/no questions in Spanish tend to end with a high melodic pattern (H) or with a high and low movement, depending on the dialect. On the other hand, Brazilian Portuguese yes/no questions are said to end with a circumflex pattern, generally represented by a (HL) tone, especially when the last word of the sentence presents the stress in the penultimate syllable (Moraes and Collamarco, 2007). Taking these facts into consideration, this work aims at analyzing the pitch curves of interrogative sentences (yes/no questions) of Colombian Spanish and Brazilian Portuguese, which were ended by words with stress relying on the last, the penultimate or the antepenultimate syllables. In order to conduct the research, data was collected with two Brazilian learners of Spanish, one native speaker of Colombian Spanish and one native speaker of Brazilian Portuguese. The native speakers served as control group. The learners of Spanish were asked to read 15 sentences in Spanish, and the control group was asked to read the same set of questions in their respective native language. These questions were contextualized as to be inserted in a situational context of a job interview (role play). All sentences were presented to the participants in a computer screen, in a randomized order. In total, the database was composed by 35 sentences in Spanish and 14 sentences in Brazilian Portuguese. The collected data was then analyzed in the software Praat through the algorithm Momel. This algorithm is able to draw the melodic contours of each sentence at a time. The algorithm Intsint was also used through Praat in order to extract the melodic tones corresponding to each curve. The intonational patterns (in nuclear and prenuclear regions) and the highest point of F0 in each sentence were analyzed. Results related to the sentences ended in words with stress in the last syllable showed that all subjects produced, predominantly, high ending patterns (H) in this type of sentences. Differences among subjects rely on the highest F0 point, which appeared with higher frequency in the nuclear region for the native speaker of Colombian Spanish and for the learners. For the prenuclear region, the results showed that the high and low movements were more prominent in the sentences produced by the learners than in the sentences produced by native speaker of Colombian Spanish. Regarding the sentences ended by words with stress in the penultimate and the antepenultimate syllables, results presented differences between the intonational patterns of Brazilian Portuguese and Spanish. The native speaker of Colombian Spanish presented a high ending tone (H) for all the sentences. The native speaker of Brazilian Portuguese and the Brazilian learners of Spanish varied their production either using a high tone (H) or a circumflex tone (HL). The highest point of F0 appeared with higher frequency in the nuclear region for the productions of the native speaker of Colombian Spanish when compared to production of the Brazilian learners of Spanish and the native speaker of Brazilian Portuguese. These results may be due either to the influence of the intonational pattern of the learner’s L1 or to the influence of other varieties of Spanish which the learners have had contact with.


2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 318-325
Author(s):  
AL de Freitas Tavares ◽  
AL Peretti ◽  
CM Martin Kakihata ◽  
M Neves ◽  
CG Brandão ◽  
...  

Introduction: This study evaluated the effect of the vibratory platform on the lumbar spine morphology of Wistar rats submitted to hormonal deprivation by oophorectomy. Material and method: Twenty rats were divided into four groups: Pseudo-oophorectomy (GP), Pseudo-oophorectomy Treated (GPT), Oophorectomy (GO), Oophorectomy Treated (GOT). After 60 days of postoperative, the treated groups started exercises on a vibratory platform in the frequency parameters of 60 Hz, alternating vibration with amplitude of 2 mm, acceleration of 57.6 m/s² and time of 10 minutes, three times in the during the four week period. Following the euthanasia of the animals, the lumbar spine was dissected and processed for analysis of the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments, intervertebral disc height (IVD), nucleus pulposus (NP) height, radiographic density of the lumbar vertebrae and IVD morphology. Results: The results showed a decrease in the height of the NP associated to the GO and morphological alterations such as lamellar disorganization and presence of rifts in the fibrous ring, alterations of the structural limits and decrease of the NP cavity; while the other groups presented organized lamellae, peripheral and nuclear region well delimited and wide cavity of the nucleus. Conclusion: In this way, it can be concluded that the oophorectomy protocol promoted a decrease in the height of the NP of the IVD and that the exercise in the vibratory platform did not generate lesions in the analyzed tissues, as well as preserved the structural organization of the IVD and the height of the NP of oophorectomized rats.


2020 ◽  
Vol 501 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-228
Author(s):  
Q Salomé ◽  
A L Longinotti ◽  
Y Krongold ◽  
C Feruglio ◽  
V Chavushyan ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT The narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy IRAS 17020+4544 is one of the few sources where both an X-ray ultrafast outflow and a molecular outflow were observed to be consistent with energy conservation. However, IRAS 17020+4544 is less massive and has a much more modest active galactic nucleus (AGN) luminosity than the other examples. Using recent CO(1–0) observations with the NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array, we characterized the molecular gas content of the host galaxy for the first time. We found that the molecular gas is distributed into an apparent central disc of 1.1 × 109 M⊙, and a northern extension located up to 8 kpc from the centre with a molecular gas mass $M_{\mathrm{ H}_2}\sim 10^8\, \mathrm{ M}_\odot$. The molecular gas mass and the CO dynamics in the northern extension reveal that IRAS 17020+4544 is not a standard spiral galaxy, instead it is interacting with a dwarf object corresponding to the northern extension. This interaction possibly triggers the high accretion rate on to the supermassive black hole. Within the main galaxy, which hosts the AGN, a simple analytical model predicts that the molecular gas may lie in a ring, with less molecular gas in the nuclear region. Such distribution may be the result of the AGN activity that removes or photodissociates the molecular gas in the nuclear region (AGN feedback). Finally, we have detected a molecular outflow of mass $M_{\mathrm{ H}_2}=(0.7\!-\!1.2)\times 10^7\, \mathrm{ M}_\odot$ in projection at the location of the northern galaxy, with a similar velocity to that of the massive outflow reported in previous millimetre data obtained by the Large Millimeter Telescope.


2020 ◽  
Vol 902 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
G. Fabbiano ◽  
A. Paggi ◽  
M. Karovska ◽  
M. Elvis ◽  
E. Nardini ◽  
...  
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