Comparative analysis of models for adjustment procedure in assets value independent evaluation performed by comparative approach

This paper addresses the field of economic measurements of the value of assets, carried out by the methods of independent expert evaluation. The mathematical principles of application, within a comparative methodical approach, of additive and multiplicative models for correcting the cost of single indicator of compared objects have been considered. The differences of mathematical basis of the compared models were analyzed. It has been shown that the ambiguity in the methodology of correction procedure requires studying the advantages and disadvantages of known models, as well as the justification and elaboration of recommendations for their application. Possible forms of correction representation using several alternative units of measurement have been defined; formulas for their interconnection have been built. Analytic expressions have been derived that mathematically describe the algorithms for performing the evaluation correction procedure using various forms of correction representation. The influence of the correction execution model on the characteristics of uncertainty in the independent evaluation result has been analyzed. The scope of two possible types of correction introduction models has been determined. A specific numerical example was used to demonstrate the methodological advantages of using a multiplicative model when summarizing percentage corrections. The independence of the correction result on the sequence of correction introduction has been confirmed. It is proposed to use the selected measure of partial corrections as a criterion for the adequacy of the correction introduction model. It is proved that the result of the independent expert evaluation depends on the chosen model and does not depend on the sequence of correction introduction. The reported study results are important in terms of theory and practice since they make it possible to improve the accuracy and reliability of the result of independent expert evaluation.

Comparison of Simultaneous Prompting to Error Correction for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

This study compared simultaneous prompting with an error correction procedure for teaching three children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder expressive labels. Using a parallel treatment design nested into a multiple probe design, each participant was taught how to expressively label pictures of sports teams or cartoon characters using either simultaneous prompting or an error correction procedure. The goal was to evaluate the effectiveness, efficiency, and acquisition during teaching for each participant across the two conditions. Results indicated that both teaching procedures were effective, with high rates of maintenance, and all participants responded correctly during the majority of teaching trials.

A machine learning approach to the observation operator for satellite radiance data assimilation

<p>The ‘observation operator’ is essential in data assimilation (DA) to derive the model equivalent of the observations from the model variables. For satellite radiance observations, it is usually based on complex radiative transfer model (RTM) with a bias correction procedure. Therefore, it usually takes time to start using new satellite data after launching the satellites. Here we take advantage of the recent fast development of machine learning (ML) which is good at finding the complex relationships within data. ML can potentially be used as the ‘observation operator’ to reveal the relationships between the model variables and the observations without knowing their physical relationships. In this study, we test with the numerical weather prediction system composed of the Nonhydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model (NICAM) and the Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (LETKF). We focus on the satellite microwave brightness temperature (BT) from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A). Conventional observations and AMSU-A data were assimilated every 6 hours. The reference DA system employed the observation operator based on the RTTOV and an online bias correction method.</p><p>We used this reference system to generate 1-month data to train the machine learning model. Since the reference system includes running a physically-based RTM, we implicitly used the information from RTM for training the ML model in this study, although in our future research we will explore methods without the use of RTM. The machine learning model is artificial neural networks with 5 fully connected layers. The input of the ML model includes the NICAM model variables and predictors for bias correction, and the output of the ML model is the corresponding satellite BT in 3 channels from 5 satellites. Next, we ran the DA cycle for the same month the following year to test the performance of the ML model. Two experiments were conducted. The control experiment (CTRL) was performed with the reference system. In the test experiment (TEST), the ML model was used as the observation operator and there is no separate bias correction procedure since the training includes biased differences between the model and observation. The results showed no significant bias of the simulated BT by the ML model. Using the ECMWF global atmospheric reanalysis (ERA-interim) as a benchmark to evaluate the analysis accuracy, the global-mean RMSE, bias, and ensemble spread for temperature in TEST are 2% higher, 4% higher, and 1% lower respectively than those in CTRL. The result is encouraging since our ML can emulate the RTM. The limitation of our study is that we rely on the physically-based RTM in the reference DA system, which is used for training the ML model. This is the first result and still preliminary. We are currently considering other methods to train the ML model without using the RTM at all.</p>

The Right of Persons Who Have Undergone Sex Reassignment (Correction) Procedure for Cryopreserved Sperm, Oocytes, Embryons, Biological Material Disposal

Nowadays, the reproductive sphere and the institute of family are at the stage of rapid development and transformation. Despite rather wide and solid scientific base of studies of assisted reproductive technologies, it should be stated that scientific interest is low in issues of access to the reproductive rights for particular categories of individuals, as well as there is lack of legal support for the application of assisted reproductive technologies in Ukraine. The issue of access to their own biological material for individuals who have undergone the sex reassignment (correction) procedure has been considered by describing two practical examples. It has been proposed to amend the list of information required from applicants, provided by the Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine № 771 dated 23.12.2008, eliminating the requirement to indicate sex, as the sex of an individual is not decisive for exercising the right to dispose of their own biological material. Also, the person is suggested to apply to the court in non-litigious (separate) proceedings to ascertain the fact that the person who has applied to a health care institution for cryopreservation of sperm, oocytes, embryos or biological material, and the person who is currently applying for transportation or use of the same cryopreserved sperm, oocytes, embryos or biological material, is the same person. Such proceedings should be held in the same manner as a change of name, surname or patronymic, because the reassignment (correction) of sex does not have legal consequences different from the change of name, surname or patronymic. It has been concluded that there is the need for a research regarding the protection of the right to reproduction for various categories of subjects. Reproductive rights should remain protected and accessible to every person without redundant restrictions that are contrary to human rights.

An Enhanced Adaptive Bernstein Collocation Method for Solving Systems of ODEs

In this paper, we introduce two new methods to solve systems of ordinary differential equations. The first method is constituted of the generalized Bernstein functions, which are obtained by Bernstein polynomials, and operational matrix of differentiation with collocation method. The second method depends on tau method, the generalized Bernstein functions and operational matrix of differentiation. These methods produce a series which is obtained by non-polynomial functions set. We give the standard Bernstein polynomials to explain the generalizations for both methods. By applying the residual correction procedure to the methods, one can estimate the absolute errors for both methods and may obtain more accurate results. We apply the methods to some test examples including linear system, non-homogeneous linear system, nonlinear stiff systems, non-homogeneous nonlinear system and chaotic Genesio system. The numerical shows that the methods are efficient and work well. Increasing m yields a decrease on the errors for all methods. One can estimate the errors by using the residual correction procedure.

Cellular automaton decoders for topological quantum codes with noisy measurements and beyond

We propose an error correction procedure based on a cellular automaton, the sweep rule, which is applicable to a broad range of codes beyond topological quantum codes. For simplicity, however, we focus on the three-dimensional toric code on the rhombic dodecahedral lattice with boundaries and prove that the resulting local decoder has a non-zero error threshold. We also numerically benchmark the performance of the decoder in the setting with measurement errors using various noise models. We find that this error correction procedure is remarkably robust against measurement errors and is also essentially insensitive to the details of the lattice and noise model. Our work constitutes a step towards finding simple and high-performance decoding strategies for a wide range of quantum low-density parity-check codes.