Studies of Highly Dispersed Titanium Carbide Powder Obtained from Scrap Tungstenless Cemented Carbide Alloys

The results of research of characteristics of highly dispersed titanium carbide powder obtained from carbide waste of TN-20, TN-25, TN-30 types are presented. The powder particles were studied using analytical methods including scanning microscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis. The obtained results confirm the formation of nanosized particles of titanium carbide of monocrystalline form.

Biological Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and their Biomedical Activity: A Review

: Nanotechnology studies the various phenomena of physio-chemical procedures and biological properties for the generation of nanosized particles, and their rising challenges in the various sectors, like medicine, engineering, agriculture, electronic, and environmental studies. The nanosized particles exhibit good anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, drug delivery, anti-parasitic, anti-coagulant and catalytic properties because of their unique dimensions with large surface area, chemical stability and higher binding density for the accumulation of various bio-constituents on their surfaces. Biological approaches for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been reviewed because it is an easy and single-step protocol and a viable substitute for the synthetic chemical-based procedures. Physical and chemical approaches for the production of AgNPs are also mentioned herein. Biological synthesis has drawn attention because it is cost-effective, faster, non-pathogenic, environment-friendly, easy to scale-up for large-scale synthesis, and having no demand for usage of high pressure, energy, temperature, or noxious chemical ingredients, and safe for human therapeutic use. Therefore, the collaboration of nanomaterials with bio-green approaches could extend the utilization of biological and cytological properties compatible with AgNPs. In this perspective, there is an immediate need to develop ecofriendly and biocompatible techniques, which strengthen efficacy against microbes and minimize toxicity for human cells. The present study introduces the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles, and their potential biomedical applications have also been reviewed.

Martensitic Phase Transition in Yttrium-Stabilized ZrO2 Nanopowders by Adsorption of Water

The present study was aimed at revealing the influence of the mechanical stress induced by water molecules adsorption on the composition of crystalline phases in the ZrO2–3mol%Y2O3-nanoparticles. Three basic methods have been used to determine the phase transition: neutron diffraction, Raman microspectroscopic scanning, and X-ray diffraction. The fact of phase-structural β → α transformation and the simultaneous presence of two polymorphic structural modifications (β is the phase of the tetragonal syngony and α of monoclinic syngony in nanosized particles (9nm)) under normal physical conditions was established by these methods. Satisfactory consistency was achieved between the results obtained using different techniques.

Advancing the science of dynamic airborne nanosized particles using Nano-DIHM

In situ and real-time characterization of aerosols is vital to several fundamental and applied research domains including atmospheric chemistry, air quality monitoring, or climate change studies. To date, digital holographic microscopy is commonly used to characterize dynamic nanosized particles, but optical traps are required. In this study, a novel integrated digital in-line holographic microscope coupled with a flow tube (Nano-DIHM) is demonstrated to characterize particle phase, shape, morphology, 4D dynamic trajectories, and 3D dimensions of airborne particles ranging from the nanoscale to the microscale. We demonstrate the application of Nano-DIHM for nanosized particles (≤200 nm) in dynamic systems without optical traps. The Nano-DIHM allows observation of moving particles in 3D space and simultaneous measurement of each particle’s three dimensions. As a proof of concept, we report the real-time observation of 100 nm and 200 nm particles, i.e. polystyrene latex spheres and the mixture of metal oxide nanoparticles, in air and aqueous/solid/heterogeneous phases in stationary and dynamic modes. Our observations are validated by high-resolution scanning/transmission electron microscopy and aerosol sizers. The complete automation of software (Octopus/Stingray) with Nano-DIHM permits the reconstruction of thousands of holograms within an hour with 62.5 millisecond time resolution for each hologram, allowing to explore the complex physical and chemical processes of aerosols.

Martensitic Phase Transition in Yttrium-Stabilized ZrO2 Nanopowders by Adsorption of Water

The present study was aimed at revealing the influence of the mechanical stress induced by water molecules adsorption on the composition of crystalline phases in the ZrO2–3mol%Y2O3-nanoparticles. Three basic methods have been used to determine the phase transition: neutron diffraction, Raman microspectroscopic scanning, and X-ray diffraction. The fact of phase-structural β → α transformation and the simultaneous presence of two polymorphic structural modifications (β is the phase of the tetragonal syngony and α of monoclinic syngony in nanosized particles (9nm)) under normal physical conditions was established by these methods. Satisfactory consistency was achieved between the results obtained using different techniques.

ENRICHMENT OF THE DIET OF BULLS WITH IRON

Изучено влияние обогащения рациона бычков калмыцкой породы наноразмерными частицами микроэлементов в составе ультрадисперсных порошков металлов на мясное сырье. Нанопорошок железа получен химико-металлургическим способом низкотемпературного восстановления в потоке водорода гидроксидов и оксидов железа в ультрадисперсном состоянии до наночастиц с последующей пассивацией. По принципу пар-аналогов сформировали 2 группы бычков по 12 голов ― контрольную и опытную с живой массой молодняка, соответственно, 175,5±7,5 и 173,5±5,2 кг. Введение в рацион добавки, содержащей 0,08 мг железа на 1 кг живой массы в состав комбикорма для бычков на откорме в возрасте 6―18 мес путем его опрыскивания, позволило обогатить мышечную ткань животных эссенциальным железом, улучшить нутриентный состав говядины для детского и функционального питания. Установлено возрастное увеличение содержания общего белка в сыворотке крови бычков в контроле ― от 79,0±1,4 г/л в 6 мес до 85,0±1,1 в 18 мес и в опытной группе ― от 80,0±1,4 до 86,0±1,1 г/л соответственно. Количество альбуминов с возрастом увеличивалось: в контроле ― от 48,01±1,05 г/л в 6 мес до 52,03±1,10 в 18 мес и в опытной группе ― от 49,02±1,14 г/л в 6 мес до 52,02±1,13 г/л в 18 мес. Установлено двукратное повышение содержания железа в длиннейшей мышце туш опытных бычков, которое составило 89,29 мг/кг железа. Установлена возможность прижизненного обогащения говядины железом более, чем в 2 раза. The influence of enriching the diet of Kalmyk gobies with nanosized particles of microelements in the composition of ultra-dispersed metal powders meat raw materials has been studied. Iron nanopowder was obtained by the chemical-metallurgical method of low-temperature reduction in a hydrogen flow of hydroxides and iron oxides in an ultradispersed state to nanoparticles with subsequent passivation. According to the principle of analog pairs, 2 groups of gobies 12 heads each were formed ― control and experimental ― with the live weight of young animals, respectively, 175.5±7.5 and 173.5±5.2 kg. The introduction into the diet of an additive containing 0.08 mg of iron per 1 kg of live weight in the composition of feed for fattening bulls at the age of 6―18 months by spraying it, made it possible to enrich the muscle tissue of animals with essential iron, improve the nutrient composition of beef for baby and functional nutrition. An age-related increase in the concentration of total protein in the blood serum of gobies in the control was determined ― from 79.0±1.4 g/l at 6 months to 85.0±1.1 g/l at 18 months and in the experimental group ― from 80.0±1.4 to 86.0±1.1 g/l, respectively. The number of albumin increased with the age: in the control ― from 48.0±1.17 g/l at 6 months to 52.0±1.19 g/l at 18 months and in the experimental group ― from 49.0±1.16 g/l at 6 months to 52,0±1.18 g/l at 18 months A twofold increase in the iron content in the longest muscle of the back of experimental gobies was determined, which amounted to 89.29 mg/kg of iron. The possibility of in vivo enrichment of beef with iron by more than 2 times has been determined.