Problems of legal regulation of a marriage agreement in the Russian Federation

This article is devoted to the application of the marriage contract by persons entering or already married. The authors define the relevance of concluding marriage contracts and emphasize the positive trend of their application in Russia. As a rule, the question of the division of property is the most difficult and problematic both in theory and in practice. In scientific circles, there is a discussion about the legal nature of the marriage contract. The specifics of its conclusion and the scope of regulation of relations do not give an unambiguous answer about the branch affiliation of this legal institution. There are also a large number of gaps in the Family Code of the Russian Federation due to the lack of legislative consolidation of some aspects related to the contractual regime of spouses’ property. In addition, there is still an unresolved issue regarding the conditions and procedure for concluding a marriage contract by minor citizens entering into marriage. In the article, the authors come to the conclusion that the marriage contract as a legal phenomenon requires more legal regulation at the legislative level.

Metabolic Reprogramming Underlying Brain Metastasis of Breast Cancer

The development of brain metastasis is a major cause of death in patients with breast cancer, characterized by rapid progression of the disease and poor prognosis, and lack of effective treatment has existed as an unresolved issue clinically. Extensive research has shown that a variety of metabolic changes associated with cellular metastasis exist in primary breast cancer or brain metastases, therefore to elucidate metabolic characteristics at each step of the metastasis cascade will provide important clues to the efficient treatment. In this review, we discuss the changes in metabolic patterns of breast cancer cells at every step of metastasis for exploring the potential therapeutic target based on metabolic reprogramming, and provide new insights on the design and development of drugs for breast cancer brain metastasis.

Magneto-mechanical deformation of \ch{Ni50Mn28Ga22} shape memory alloy

This study deals with pseudoplastic deformation of Ni50Mn28Ga22 alloy exhibiting mechanically and magnetically induced crystal reorientation. The new approach was introduced, taking into account crystals with single initial variant as well as nucleation of different orientation. Initially, observations from optical microscope and AFM (atomic force microscope) were correlated with the mechanical measurements from stress-strain machine to characterize boundaries between crystal variants. These observations were subsequently used to clarify the results of the mechanical deformation tests. By magnetizing samples in VSM (vibrating-sample magnetometer), analogous magnetic measurements to mechanical tests were conducted. The two types of measurements were then compared with respect to energy. The discrepancy found between the model and measurements is in agreement with previous studies. Some experimental factors and possible errors that may affect measurement have been discussed. Nevertheless, the observed differences remain an unresolved issue suggesting a need for a modification of the model.

Bolzano: miasto dwóch narodów, dwóch dyktatur i wspólnego, trudnego dziedzictwa

Bolzano: A City of Two Nations, Two Dictatorships and a Common, Difficult Heritage This paper analyses the case of Bolzano as a border city situated between Italy and Austria that had to deal with the unresolved issue of “difficult history” and “difficult heritage” after World War II. A particular emphasis is placed on the fascist Victory Monument as a symbol of the antagonism between the Italian and German-speaking population of the city, and the exhibition “BZ ‘18-’45: One Monument, One City, Two Dictatorships” as an example of dealing with “difficult heritage”.

“Guardians” of Signatures? Future Directions in Pacific History from a Pacific Early Career Academic in Aotearoa

As a Pacific early career academic sitting between history and Pacific studies, I see unresolved tension concerning the lack of prioritisation of Pacific voices in Pacific history. In this article I explore how Pacific voices are included in the writing and teaching of Pacific history to establish that this is a continuing and unresolved issue. To do this, I survey articles in the Journal of Pacific History between 2015 and 2020 to trace the inclusion and prevalence of Pacific voices through authorship and prioritisation of historical evidence, alongside analysis of the teaching of Pacific history in universities in Aotearoa.

Activation of Innate Immunity by Therapeutic Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acid-based therapeutics have gained increased attention during recent decades because of their wide range of application prospects. Immunostimulatory nucleic acids represent a promising class of potential drugs for the treatment of tumoral and viral diseases due to their low toxicity and stimulation of the body’s own innate immunity by acting on the natural mechanisms of its activation. The repertoire of nucleic acids that directly interact with the components of the immune system is expanding with the improvement of both analytical methods and methods for the synthesis of nucleic acids and their derivatives. Despite the obvious progress in this area, the problem of delivering therapeutic acids to target cells as well as the unresolved issue of achieving a specific therapeutic effect based on activating the mechanism of interferon and anti-inflammatory cytokine synthesis. Minimizing the undesirable effects of excessive secretion of inflammatory cytokines remains an unsolved task. This review examines recent data on the types of immunostimulatory nucleic acids, the receptors interacting with them, and the mechanisms of immunity activation under the action of these molecules. Finally, data on immunostimulatory nucleic acids in ongoing and completed clinical trials will be summarized.

He Rawe Tona Kakahu/She Wore a Becoming Dress: Performing the Hyphen

<p>In the British settler nations of the United States, New Zealand, Australia and Canada, there continues to be debate about how to conduct research across the coloniser-indigene hyphen. Various indigenous scholars have discussed, at length, how western scholarship has been and continues to be implicated in the colonisation of indigenous peoples. While some progress has been made, it continues to be an unresolved issue. As a white American woman, I have responded to this situation by conducting my doctoral research using a decolonising epistemological pluralism that I developed through my practice as an artist and performer. This methodology, which is critical and performative, seeks to dismantle the colonial matrix of power and the dualisms that underpin the hegemony of western knowledge and casts a critical eye on power relations as they manifest out in the world and as they reproduce themselves inside individuals. It is my belief that such an approach will decentre the settler and facilitate working across the hyphen. As an example of how such a methodology could function, I undertook a collaborative and performative research project with Anahera Gildea, a Māori writer and performer from the iwi (tribe) of Ngāti Raukawa ki te Tonga. Our research examined the intersection of gender and colonisation. The knowledge systems that we chose to use arose naturally out of who we are and what we know. We are both Butoh performers. We both practice Nichiren Buddhism and use it to guide our daily lives. The outcome of our research was He rawe tona kakahu/She Wore A Becoming Dress, a multimedia Butoh performance, which was performed for two nights at the Film Archive in Wellington, New Zealand in 2009. As a collaboration that worked across the hyphen, we both engaged with critical and decolonising theory from our respective positions on the hyphen, as well as brought our respective world views—I, white American and Anahera, Te Ao Māori . This thesis is an attempt to provide a practice-based understanding of what it was like to undertake research using such a decolonising epistemological pluralism.</p>

He Rawe Tona Kakahu/She Wore a Becoming Dress: Performing the Hyphen

<p>In the British settler nations of the United States, New Zealand, Australia and Canada, there continues to be debate about how to conduct research across the coloniser-indigene hyphen. Various indigenous scholars have discussed, at length, how western scholarship has been and continues to be implicated in the colonisation of indigenous peoples. While some progress has been made, it continues to be an unresolved issue. As a white American woman, I have responded to this situation by conducting my doctoral research using a decolonising epistemological pluralism that I developed through my practice as an artist and performer. This methodology, which is critical and performative, seeks to dismantle the colonial matrix of power and the dualisms that underpin the hegemony of western knowledge and casts a critical eye on power relations as they manifest out in the world and as they reproduce themselves inside individuals. It is my belief that such an approach will decentre the settler and facilitate working across the hyphen. As an example of how such a methodology could function, I undertook a collaborative and performative research project with Anahera Gildea, a Māori writer and performer from the iwi (tribe) of Ngāti Raukawa ki te Tonga. Our research examined the intersection of gender and colonisation. The knowledge systems that we chose to use arose naturally out of who we are and what we know. We are both Butoh performers. We both practice Nichiren Buddhism and use it to guide our daily lives. The outcome of our research was He rawe tona kakahu/She Wore A Becoming Dress, a multimedia Butoh performance, which was performed for two nights at the Film Archive in Wellington, New Zealand in 2009. As a collaboration that worked across the hyphen, we both engaged with critical and decolonising theory from our respective positions on the hyphen, as well as brought our respective world views—I, white American and Anahera, Te Ao Māori . This thesis is an attempt to provide a practice-based understanding of what it was like to undertake research using such a decolonising epistemological pluralism.</p>

ON CERTAIN LEGAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENT IN RUSSIA

The paper is devoted to the analysis of certain organizational and legal aspects of the regulation of the contract system in the field of procurement for state and municipal needs. The purpose of the study is to identify legal and enforcement issues that impede the effective implementation of public procurement procedures in the Russian Federation. In order to achieve this purpose, the author uses a dialectic approach, applying a whole range of general and specific scientific methods, with a special focus on topical statistics. Results: the conclusion is drawn about the instability of the procurement law, its procedural bias, the unresolved issue of determining the initial (maximum) contract price, monopolization of procurement of small quantities of SET (single trade aggregate). It is concluded that there is a need to review approaches to determining the effectiveness of procurement procedures and to increase the responsibility of customers in this area.

Structural Insights into the BRAF Monomer-to-dimer Transition Mediated by RAS Binding

An unresolved issue in RAF kinase signaling is how binding of autoinhibited RAF monomers to activated RAS initiates the conformational changes required to form active RAF dimers. Here, we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of full-length BRAF complexes derived from mammalian cells: autoinhibited monomeric BRAF:14-3-32:MEK and BRAF:14-3-32 complexes and an inhibitor-bound, dimeric BRAF2:14-3-32 complex, at 3.7, 4.1, and 3.9 Å resolution, respectively. The RAS binding domain (RBD) of BRAF is resolved in the autoinhibited structures, and we find that neither MEK nor ATP binding is required to stabilize the autoinhibited complexes. Notably, the RBD was found to interact extensively with the 14-3-3 protomer bound to the BRAF C-terminal site. Moreover, through structure-guided mutational studies, our findings indicate that RAS-RAF binding is a dynamic process and that RBD residues at the 14-3-3 interface have a dual function, first stabilizing RBD orientation in the autoinhibited state and then contributing to full RAS contact.