STUDIES OF NOCARDIOSIS IN CATTLE 1 - ISOLATION OF NORCARIDA ASTEROIDES FROML MASTITIS IN CATTLE

A six months survey (2-8/1994) was canied out to determine norcaiidal mastitis in cattle in certain dairy herds. A total 126 milk samples collected from mastitic‘ cows and milk tank. Of which 10 from Al-Khalis station, 15 from A1-Wahda station, 6 from White Good village, 90 from Al-Dejaila station and 5 fromMilktauk. Examination of the samples result in isolation of Norcaitlia asteroides from Al-Dejaila station. The results explained that 25 animals were positive for norcaridal infection with prevalence of 20.8 % of these 25 cases, 5 cases, in pure cultural and 20 cases, mixed with other organisms. Bacteriological examination of mill: tank also resulted in positive for norcaridial isolates. Metastasis to the lung and supramammary lymph node was demonstrated. The results also explained that norcardial isolates from mastitic cows were more virulent to guinea pigs, andthis study revealed that norcardial infection are not rare in cattle.

Horse: a potential source of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii in Egypt

Background Cryptococcosis is an opportunistic mycozoonosis of global significance in a wide variety of host species. In equines, cryptococcosis is uncommon, and sporadic cases have been reported with rhinitis, sinusitis, pneumonia, and meningitis. Cryptococcus spp. represents a potential risk for immunosuppressed and healthy persons. In Egypt, epidemiological data on cryptococcal infection in horses are limited. The current study was carried out to investigate the occurrence of Cryptococcus spp. in horses and its possible role in the epidemiology of such disease in Egypt. A total of 223 samples was collected from different localities in Egypt included 183 nasal swabs from horses, 28 nasal swabs from humans, and 12 soil samples. Bacteriological examination and the identification of Cryptococcus spp. were performed. Molecular serotyping of Cryptococcus spp. was determined by multiplex PCR using CNa-70S/A-CNb-49S/A. The virulence genes (LAC1, CAP59, and PLB1) of the identified isolates were detected by PCR. Moreover, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the C. gattii gene from horses, humans, and soil isolates found nearby were performed. Result The overall occurrence of Cryptococcus spp. in horses were 9.3, 25, and 10.7% in horses, the soil, and humans, respectively. Molecular serotyping of the Cryptococcus spp. isolates recovered from the nasal passages of horses proved that C. gattii (B), C. neoformans, and two hybrids between C. neoformans (A) and C. gattii (B) were identified. Meanwhile, in case of soil samples, the isolates were identified as C. gattii (B). The human isolates were serotyped as C. gattii in two isolates and C. neoformans in only one isolate. Molecular detection of some virulence genes (LAC1), (CAP59), and (PLB1) were identified in both C. gattii and C. neoformans isolates. The C. gattii gene amplicons of the isolates from horses, humans, and the soil were closely related. Conclusion This study provides the first insights into the Egyptian horse ecology of Cryptococcus species and highlights the role of horses as asymptomatic carriers in disseminating the potentially pathogenic Cryptococcus spp. It also presents the possible risk of cryptococcosis infection in humans.

Bacteriological Examination of DrinkingWater in Different Public Places with Reference to Coliforms

This ponder explores the contamination level in drinking water in several open places. The bacteriological investigations performed were in accordancewith standard methods. Out of eight tests from distinctive locales all had checks higher than the guidelines. Cinema theaters were the foremost contaminated.

Prolonged subfebrile condition, pyretic fever and febrile attacks of unknown genesis: new approach to diagnosis and treatment. Part 1. Clinical picture

Background. The study was aimed to establish the true etiological cause of such pathological conditions as prolonged low-grade fever, fever of unknown genesis, and cases of rapid short-term febrile increase of temperature of unknown origin. Materials and methods. The design of the study was clinical-diagnostic and included the search for ways to diagnose and treat such pathological conditions as prolonged subfebrile fever, fever of unknown genesis, and cases of rapid short-term febrile increase of temperature of unknown origin. The studies were prospective-retrospective and were longitudinal with long-term periodic follow-up of a certain part of the same patients during 1–10 years after diagnosis of CBIS (chronic bacterial intoxication syndrome) and appropriate treatment. According to the effectiveness of the obtained results, the study was direct, because it undoubtedly led to the recovery of the patient with the improvement of his/her state and life. All patients (infants and adults aged till 80 years) who went to the hospital during 2009–2020 with complaints about violation of the temperature regime (subfebrile or febrile increase). Results. During 2009–2020, 3999 patients (adults — 2047/3999, 51.2 %, children — 1952/3999, 48.8 %) with a fever of unknown origin, namely 1578/2047 (77.1 %) adults and 1206/1952 (61.8 %) children with prolonged subfebrile fever, 70/2047 (3.4 %) and 25/1952 (1.3 %), respectively — with febrile fever and 399/2047 (19.5 %) and 721/1952 (36.9 %) — with febrile attacks (FA), were observed by the authors. In all 3999 (100 %) patients, there was detected a focus of chronic bacterial infection in the kidneys. Herewith in more than 2/3 cases (2780/3999 patients, 69.5 %), there was diagnosed the locally asymptomatic nephrodysbacteriosis without clinical, general laboratory (inclu­ding almost normal general analysis of urine) and instrumental signs of the inflammatory process in the kidneys. In 960/3999 (24.0 %) ca­ses, there was first established the latent form of delayed clinically asymptomatic chronic pyelonephritis. 259/3999 (6.5 %) patients were diagnosed with chronic pyelonephritis at the stage of clinical exacerbation. As a consequence of the formation of a focus of chronic bacterial infection in the kidneys, the patients developed monosymptomatic (only with temperature increase) or full-symptom CBIS, namely: 2024/2784 (72.7 %) children and adults with prolonged subfebrile fever there presented with typical clinical manifestations of CBIS in various combinations, but in 760/2784 (27.3 %) cases, the subfebrile temperature was monosymptoma­tic without other complaints and clinical symptoms. The diagnosis was confirmed by bacteriological examination of warm urine (three times, for three days running) and toxicological blood examination using the diagnostic system Toxicon. Urine cultures of various bacteria were isolated from urine in all 3999 (100 %) patients. Herewith in 2205/3999 (55.1 %) cases, there were isolated one culture of bacteria in each case, in 1608/3999 (40.2 %) patients — simultaneously two cultures of different bacteria, i.e. another 3216 strains, in 186/3999 (4,7 %) — three cultures (558 strains). That is, in general, there were isolated 5979 strains of different bacteria, which were considered as diagnostic confirmation of the presence of a focus of chronic bacterial infection in the kidneys in all 3999 patients with prolonged subfebrile fever, fever of unknown genesis, or febrile attacks. The main factors of the occurrence of temperature regime disorders on the background of CBIS were Enterococci (2471/3999 strains from 61.8 % of patients), Escherichia coli — 1495/3999 strains (from 37.4 % of patients) and Staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus haemolyticus) and Streptococci (Streptococcus pyogenes): a total of 696/3999 strains (from 17.4 % of patients). In 818 (100 %) patients who were examined using the Toxi­con system, all, without exception, the indicators of cytolytic activity of toxic proteomes, which were tested, significantly exceeded the norm (p < 0.001). In the vast majority of patients (in 664/818 or 81.17 % of cases), there was detected severe toxemia, in 140/818 (17.11 %) — moderate and only in 14 (1.71 %) — mild. All 3999 patients with prolonged subfebrile fever, fever of unknown genesis, and FA were treated with bacterial autovaccines made from strains, isolated during the bacteriological examination. One cycle consisted of 2–3 courses of immunization with bacterial vaccines. One course included 10 or 12 subcutaneous injections in increasing dosage during 19–21 days. Between courses, there was maintained an interval of 3 to 4 weeks. The treatment cycle generally lasted from 70 to 110 days, depending on the number of courses. Intervals between treatment cycles were usually maintained for 3 months. The effectiveness of such treatment was 71.2 % after the first cycle, 92.8 % — after the second, and 99.2 % — after the third with full recovery of the ability to work, lost during the illness, and the emotional level of personal life. Conclusions. It has been established that the etiological cause of the occurrence of prolonged subfebrile fever, febrile fevers of unknown genesis, and febrile attacks is such a clinically and nosologically separate disease as chronic bacterial intoxication syndrome, which develops on the background of a chronic bacterial focus, usually locally asymptomatic infection in the kidneys, called nephrodysbacteriosis, and is usually associated with severe bacterial endotoxicosis that was confirmed by appropriate toxicological examination of the blood. The use of bacterial autovaccines was proved to be an effective method of treatment (up to 99.2 %) of patients with increased temperature of bacterial-toxic origin.

Clinical picture in a child who often gets sick (a new look at the origin, diagnosis and treatment). Report 2. Diagnosis and treatment

Objective: to determine the clinical picture in children who often get sick, taking into account the currently available data from the medical literature and authors’ observations accumulated over the past 25 years of clinical practice. Materials and methods. The design of the study was clinical and diagnostic and included the search for ways to diagnose and treat pathological conditions that compose the current clinical picture of children who often get sick. The studies were prospective and retrospective, longitudinal, with long-term follow-up of a certain part of the same patients for 1–10 years after diagnosis of “frequently ill child” and appropriate treatment. In terms of the effectiveness of the results, the researches were direct, because it undoubtedly contributed to the recovery of the child with the improvement/normalization of his general state and quality of life. The studies were multicenter, conducted in an outpatient setting at the premises of two clinics specialized in the field of chronic infectious diseases, with full laboratory researches and the department of pediatric infectious diseases of the medical university. The participants were children from infancy to 14 years of age, whose parents in 2009–2020 consulted with complaints about frequent illnesses of their children. Results. In 2010–2020, the authors supervised 3,547 children, who often get sick (6–12 episodes a year and even more: 1–2 diseases a month), and the period of each episode of their illness lasted more than 5–7 days. There were 862/3,547 (24.3 %) children under 3 years of age, 1,295/3,547 (36.5 %) from 3 to 7 years of age, and 1,390/3,547 (39.2 %) from 7 to 14 years of age. Given the clinically dominant symptoms, which are often intertwined into one holistic picture of these common diseases, children were divided into two large groups of observations. Group I, which was conventionally called “Clinical picture of frequently ill children with purulent-inflammatory diseases”, included 1,595/3,547 patients (45 %). Another 1,952/3,547 (55 %) individuals were included in group II with a conditional name “Clinical picture of frequently ill children with dominant toxic manifestations”. The second group of patients who often get sick also includes patients with fever not associated with acute purulent-inflammatory conditions or their recurrences. This group under supervision consisted of 1,952/3,547 (55 %) children — from infancy to 14 years with thermoregulatory disorders, including persistent low-grade fever — 1,206/1,952 (61.8 %), febrile seizures — 721/1952 (36.9 %) and 25/1,952 (1.3 %) children of mostly school age with fever at the level of 38–40 ºC and above for several months to 4 years and other symptoms of chronic bacterial intoxication syndrome. All children were examined bacteriologically (nasopharyngeal, oral swab culture, etc., as well as warm urine tests three times, three days in a row), toxicologically using Toxicon diagnostic system; they also underwent general clinical exa­minations, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction, determination of immunological status, according to indicators — instrumental examination. Two foci of chronic bacterial infection were found to be present in all frequently ill children: in the nasopharynx, which in 3,467/3,547, or 97.7 % of cases, was associated with S.aureus, and in the kidneys (nephrodysbacteriosis), which was dominated by enterococci and Escherichia coli accounted for almost 2/3 (3,312/5,313, or 63 %) of all isolated urinary strains and detected in the urine of a total of 3,312/3,547 (93.4 %) children. Based on toxicological examination of the blood, severe toxemia was found in the vast majority of children (77/96, or 80.2 %), 16/96 (16.7 %) had moderate and only 3/96 (3.1 %) — mild form. The form of intoxication was mainly compensated in 87/96 (90.6 %) patients, another 9/96 (9.4 %) had generalization stage. When determining the immune status studied in 2,160/3,547 (60.1 %) of frequently ill children from infancy to 14 years of age in both observation groups, it was found that cellular and humoral immunity was usually either within normal limits or often even higher than normal. Only in 67/2,160 (3.1 %) cases, mild cellular immunodeficiency was detected, and in 7/2,160 (0.3 %) children — selective IgA deficiency. Treatment of all 3,547 frequently ill children of both observation groups was performed using bacterial autovaccines made from strains isolated during bacteriological examination. The number of children who underwent treatment the consequences of which can be considered established and not associated with concomitant use of antibacterial drugs was 3,159/3,547, or 89.1 %. In total, 3,093/3159, or 97.9 % of frequently ill children, recovered completely within 6–24 months after starting antibiotic-free bacterial autovaccine treatment. Conclusions. The clinical picture of a child who often gets sick is currently collective and consists of symptoms of recurrent respiratory diseases or recurrent acute respiratory viral infections, recurrent purulent-inflammatory diseases of the nose, pharynx, mouth, ears, eyes and bronchopulmonary system, as well as clinical manifestations of chronic bacterial intoxication syndrome developed on the background of nephrodysbacteriosis. The etiological and pathogenetic diagnosis is confirmed by the results of bacteriological and toxicological examinations. Standard treatment of frequently ill children using antibiotics is not effective. A positive clinical effect can be achieved in 97.9 % of children with complete recovery after the use of bacterial autovaccines made from strains isolated during bacteriological examination.

Clinical picture in a child who often gets sick (a new look at the origin, diagnosis and treatment). Report 1. Origin and clinical picture

Objective: to determine the clinical picture in children who often get sick, taking into account the currently available data from the medical literature and authors’ observations accumulated over the past 25 years of clinical practice. Materials and methods. The design of the study was clinical and diagnostic and included the search for ways to diagnose and treat pathological conditions that compose the current clinical picture of children who often get sick. The studies were prospective and retrospective, longitudinal, with long-term follow-up of a certain part of the same patients for 1–10 years after diagnosis of “frequently ill child” and appropriate treatment. In terms of the effectiveness of the results, the resear­ches were direct, because it undoubtedly contributed to the reco­very of the child with the improvement/normalization of his general state and quality of life. The studies were multicenter, conducted in an outpatient setting at the premises of two clinics specialized in the field of chronic infectious diseases, with full laboratory researches and the department of pediatric infectious diseases of the medical university. The participants were children from infancy to 14 years of age, whose parents in 2009–2020 consulted with complaints about frequent illnesses of their children. Results. In 2010–2020, the authors supervised 3,547 children, who often get sick (6–12 epi­sodes a year and even more: 1–2 disea­ses a month), and the period of each episode of their illness lasted more than 5–7 days. There were 862/3,547 (24.3 %) children under 3 years of age, 1,295/3,547 (36.5 %) from 3 to 7 years of age, and 1,390/3,547 (39.2 %) from 7 to 14 years of age. Given the clinically dominant symptoms, which are often intertwined into one holistic picture of these common diseases, children were divided into two large groups of observations. Group I, which was conventionally called “Clinical picture of frequently ill children with purulent-inflammatory diseases”, included 1,595/3,547 patients (45 %). Another 1,952/3,547 (55 %) individuals were included in group II with a conditional name “Clinical picture of frequently ill children with dominant toxic manifestations”. The second group of patients who often get sick also includes patients with fever not associated with acute purulent-inflammatory conditions or their recurren­ces. This group under supervision consisted of 1,952/3,547 (55 %) children — from infancy to 14 years with thermoregulatory disorders, including persistent low-grade fever — 1,206/1,952 (61.8 %), febrile seizures — 721/1952 (36.9 %) and 25/1,952 (1.3 %) children of mostly school age with fever at the level of 38–40 °C and above for several months to 4 years and other symptoms of chronic bacterial intoxication syndrome. All children were examined bacteriologically (nasopharyngeal, oral swab culture, etc., as well as warm urine tests three times, three days in a row), toxicologically using Toxicon diagnostic system; they also underwent gene­ral clinical examinations, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction, determination of immunological status, according to indicators — instrumental examination. Two foci of chronic bacterial infection were found to be present in all frequently ill children: in the nasopharynx, which in 3,467/3,547, or 97.7 % of cases, was associated with S.aureus, and in the kidneys (nephrodysbacteriosis), which was dominated by enterococci and Escherichia coli accounted for almost 2/3 (3,312/5,313, or 63 %) of all isolated urinary strains and detected in the urine of a total of 3,312/3,547 (93.4 %) children. Based on toxicological examination of the blood, severe toxemia was found in the vast majority of children (77/96, or 80.2 %), 16/96 (16.7 %) had moderate and only 3/96 (3.1 %) — mild form. The form of intoxication was mainly compensated in 87/96 (90.6 %) patients, another 9/96 (9.4 %) had generalization stage. When determining the immune status studied in 2,160/3,547 (60.1 %) of frequently ill children from infancy to 14 years of age in both observation groups, it was found that cellular and humoral immunity was usually either within normal limits or often even higher than normal. Only in 67/2,160 (3.1 %) cases, mild cellular immunodeficiency was detected, and in 7/2,160 (0.3 %) children — selective IgA deficiency. Treatment of all 3,547 frequently ill children of both observation groups was performed using bacterial autovaccines made from strains isolated during bacteriological examination. The number of children who underwent treatment the consequences of which can be considered established and not associated with concomitant use of antibacterial drugs was 3,159/3,547, or 89.1 %. In total, 3,093/3159, or 97.9 % of frequently ill children, recovered completely within 6–24 months after starting antibiotic-free bacterial autovaccine treatment. Conclusions. The clinical picture of a child who often gets sick is currently collective and consists of symptoms of recurrent respiratory diseases or recurrent acute respiratory viral infections, recurrent purulent-inflammatory diseases of the nose, pharynx, mouth, ears, eyes and bronchopulmonary system, as well as clinical manifestations of chronic bacterial intoxication syndrome developed on the background of nephrodysbacteriosis. The etiological and pathogenetic diagnosis is confirmed by the results of bacteriological and toxicological examinations. Standard treatment of frequently ill children using antibiotics is not effective. A positive clinical effect can be achieved in 97.9 % of children with complete recovery after the use of bacterial autovaccines made from strains isolated during bacteriological examination.

Prolonged subfebrile condition, pyretic fever and febrile attacks of unknown genesis: new approach to diagnosis and treatment. Part 2. Diagnostics and treatment

Background. The study was aimed to establish the true etiological cause of such pathological conditions as prolonged low-grade fever, fever of unknown genesis, and cases of rapid short-term febrile increase of temperature of unknown origin. Materials and methods. The design of the study was clinical-diagnostic and included the search for ways to diagnose and treat such pathological conditions as prolonged subfebrile fever, fever of unknown genesis, and cases of rapid short-term febrile increase of temperature of unknown origin. The studies were prospective-retrospective and were longitudinal with long-term periodic follow-up of a certain part of the same patients during 1–10 years after diagnosis of CBIS (chronic bacterial intoxication syndrome) and appropriate treatment. According to the effectiveness of the obtained results, the study was direct, because it undoubtedly led to the recovery of the patient with the improvement of his/her state and life. All patients (infants and adults aged till 80 years) who went to the hospital during 2009–2020 with complaints about violation of the temperature regime (subfebrile or febrile increase). Results. During 2009–2020, 3999 patients (adults — 2047/3999, 51.2 %, children — 1952/3999, 48.8 %) with a fever of unknown origin, namely 1578/2047 (77.1 %) adults and 1206/1952 (61.8 %) children with prolonged subfebrile fever, 70/2047 (3.4 %) and 25/1952 (1.3 %), respectively — with febrile fever and 399/2047 (19.5 %) and 721/1952 (36.9 %) — with febrile attacks (FA), were observed by the authors. In all 3999 (100 %) patients, there was detected a focus of chronic bacterial infection in the kidneys. Herewith in more than 2/3 cases (2780/3999 patients, 69.5 %), there was diagnosed the locally asymptomatic nephrodysbacteriosis without clinical, general laboratory (inclu­ding almost normal general analysis of urine) and instrumental signs of the inflammatory process in the kidneys. In 960/3999 (24.0 %) ca­ses, there was first established the latent form of delayed clinically asymptomatic chronic pyelonephritis. 259/3999 (6.5 %) patients were diagnosed with chronic pyelonephritis at the stage of clinical exacerbation. As a consequence of the formation of a focus of chronic bacterial infection in the kidneys, the patients developed monosymptomatic (only with temperature increase) or full-symptom CBIS, namely: 2024/2784 (72.7 %) children and adults with prolonged subfebrile fever there presented with typical clinical manifestations of CBIS in various combinations, but in 760/2784 (27.3 %) cases, the subfebrile temperature was monosymptoma­tic without other complaints and clinical symptoms. The diagnosis was confirmed by bacteriological examination of warm urine (three times, for three days running) and toxicological blood examination using the diagnostic system Toxicon. Urine cultures of various bacteria were isolated from urine in all 3999 (100 %) patients. Herewith in 2205/3999 (55.1 %) cases, there were isolated one culture of bacteria in each case, in 1608/3999 (40.2 %) patients — simultaneously two cultures of different bacteria, i.e. another 3216 strains, in 186/3999 (4,7 %) — three cultures (558 strains). That is, in general, there were isolated 5979 strains of different bacteria, which were considered as diagnostic confirmation of the presence of a focus of chronic bacterial infection in the kidneys in all 3999 patients with prolonged subfebrile fever, fever of unknown genesis, or febrile attacks. The main factors of the occurrence of temperature regime disorders on the background of CBIS were Enterococci (2471/3999 strains from 61.8 % of patients), Escherichia coli — 1495/3999 strains (from 37.4 % of patients) and Staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus haemolyticus) and Streptococci (Streptococcus pyogenes): a total of 696/3999 strains (from 17.4 % of patients). In 818 (100 %) patients who were examined using the Toxi­con system, all, without exception, the indicators of cytolytic activity of toxic proteomes, which were tested, significantly exceeded the norm (p < 0.001). In the vast majority of patients (in 664/818 or 81.17 % of cases), there was detected severe toxemia, in 140/818 (17.11 %) — moderate and only in 14 (1.71 %) — mild. All 3999 patients with prolonged subfebrile fever, fever of unknown genesis, and FA were treated with bacterial autovaccines made from strains, isolated during the bacteriological examination. One cycle consisted of 2–3 courses of immunization with bacterial vaccines. One course included 10 or 12 subcutaneous injections in increasing dosage during 19–21 days. Between courses, there was maintained an interval of 3 to 4 weeks. The treatment cycle generally lasted from 70 to 110 days, depending on the number of courses. Intervals between treatment cycles were usually maintained for 3 months. The effectiveness of such treatment was 71.2 % after the first cycle, 92.8 % — after the second, and 99.2 % — after the third with full recovery of the ability to work, lost during the illness, and the emotional level of personal life. Conclusions. It has been established that the etiological cause of the occurrence of prolonged subfebrile fever, febrile fevers of unknown genesis, and febrile attacks is such a clinically and nosologically separate disease as chronic bacterial intoxication syndrome, which develops on the background of a chronic bacterial focus, usually locally asymptomatic infection in the kidneys, called nephrodysbacteriosis, and is usually associated with severe bacterial endotoxicosis that was confirmed by appropriate toxicological examination of the blood. The use of bacterial autovaccines was proved to be an effective method of treatment (up to 99.2 %) of patients with increased temperature of bacterial-toxic origin.

PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF ORNITHOBACTERIOSIS IN ORNAMENTAL PIGEONS

The paper presents the results of the study of pathomorphological changes in organs in ornithobacteriosis in decorative pigeons with the establishment of the underlying disease, including the pathological signs associated and pathognomonic for the disease. The objects of the study were the corpses of fallen pigeons of the English postal and peacock breeds, at the age of 2-3 years, kept in a private farm on the territory of the Yemelyanovskiy district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Bacteriological examination of the material revealed the causative agent of ornithobacteriosis (Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale), and the causative agent of colibacillosis (Escherichia coli) was also found in 70,0 % of cases. In 70 % of the individuals, a complication was observed in the form of colibacillosis, characterized by serous-catarrhal gastroenterocolitis, spleen hyperplasia, and serous polyarthritis, to the underlying disease. The features of ornithobacterial infection in pigeons include the absence of pronounced serous-inflammatory edema of soft tissues in the head area, signs of serous-fibrinous aerosacculitis and the onset of the disease in birds of the older age group (2-5 years).

Study of episootic sıtuation at poultry farms for colibacteriosis and salmonellosis in Azerbaijan

The article refers to the research work carried out in recent years at the poultry farms of the Khachmaz region of the Republic of Azerbaijan, the influence of opportunistic microbes on the activities of the farm. The role of opportunistic microbes in the occurrence of certain diseases with deficiencies in the process of feeding and raising of birds, and the microclimate in poultry farms is shown. During the bacteriological examination of breeding eggs by seasons there were revealed the presence of infection in the winter season with E. coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus – with each infection separately 13.0 %, in the spring season with E. coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus – with each infection separately 20.0 %, in the autumn period with E. coli 27.0%, Salmonella 40.0 %, Staphylococcus 13.0 % and Streptococcus 13.0 %. In the course of bacteriological examination of dead embryos, the presence of infection in the winter period with E. coli 20.0 %, salmonella 30.0 %, staphylococcus 25.0 % and streptococcus 25.0 %, in the spring season with E. coli 30.0 %, salmonella 40.0 %, staphylococcus 15.0 % and streptococcus 15.0 %, in the autumn season with E. coli 45.0 %, salmonella 55.0 % was revealed. In the autumn period, infection with staphylococci and streptococci was not detected. When studying as a whole, pseudomoniasis and mold fungi were not found.

On the use of polyvalent coli-antivirus according to Bezredk for purulent appendicitis in the postoperative period

At the suggestion of Professor A.G. Rusanov, I performed experiments with the use of polyvalent Coli-antivirus (Escherichia coli) according to Bezredka in the postoperative period of purulent appendicitis, in cases where bacteriological examination established the presence of colibacillary infection "